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Class 10

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 राज्य सरकार

July 5, 2026 by Fazal Leave a Comment

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 राज्य सरकार are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 राज्य सरकार.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 10
Subject Social Science
Chapter Chapter 7
Chapter Name राज्य सरकार
Number of Questions Solved 55
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 राज्य सरकार

पाठ्यपुस्तक से हल प्रश्न [Textbook Questions Solved]

राज्य सरकार अति लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

प्रश्न 1.
जनसंख्या में वृद्धि के बावजूद राज्य विधानसभा की सदस्य संख्या कब तक स्थिर रहेगी?
उत्तर:
जनसंख्या में वृद्धि के बावजूद राज्य विधानसभा की सदस्य संख्या तक तक स्थिर रहेगी, जब तक संविधान में संशोधन न हो जाए।

प्रश्न 2.
भारतीय संघ के किन राज्यों में दो सदनोंवाला विधानमंडल है?
उत्तर:
वर्तमान समय में भारतीय संघ के केवल 7 राज्यों-उत्तर प्रदेश, जम्मू-कश्मीर, महाराष्ट्र, कर्नाटक, बिहार, आंध्र प्रदेश और तेलंगाना में दो सदनोंवाला विधानमंडल है।

प्रश्न 3.
विधानपरिषद के कितने सदस्यों को राज्यपाल मनोनीत करता है?
उत्तर:
विधानपरिषद की कुल सदस्य संख्या के लगभग 1/6 सदस्य राज्यपाल द्वारा मनोनीत किए जाते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
राज्य की विधानसभा तथा विधानपरिषद के मुख्य पदाधिकारियों के पदनाम बताइए।
उत्तर:
राज्य की विधानसभा के मुख्य पदाधिकारी अध्यक्ष तथा उपाध्यक्ष होते हैं। विधानपरिषद के मुख्य पदाधिकारी सभापति और उपसभापति होते हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
राज्य की मंत्रिपरिषद के विरुद्ध अविश्वास का प्रस्ताव पारित करने का अधिकार राज्य विधानमंडल के किस सदन को नहीं है?
उत्तर:
राज्य की मंत्रिपरिषद के विरुद्ध अविश्वास का प्रस्ताव पारित करने का अधिकार विधानपरिषद को नहीं है।

प्रश्न 6.
अध्यापकों का निर्वाचक मंडल विधानपरिषद में कितने सदस्यों का निर्वाचन करता है?
उत्तर:
अध्यापकों का निर्वाचक मंडल विधानपरिषद के 1/12 भाग को चुनता है।

प्रश्न 7.
राज्यपाल किसकी इच्छापर्यंत अपने पद पर बना रहता है?
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल राष्ट्रपति के इच्छापर्यंत अपने पद पर बना रहता है।

प्रश्न 8.
संविधान के अनुसार राज्य की कार्यपालिका शक्ति किसमें निहित है?
उत्तर:
संविधान के अनुसार राज्य की कार्यपालिका शक्ति राज्यपाल में निहित है।

प्रश्न 9.
राज्य के विधानमंडल के सत्रावसान में राज्यपाल विशेष परिस्थितियों में जो आदेश जारी करता है, उसे क्या कहते हैं?
उत्तर:
राज्य के विधानमंडल के सत्रावसान में राज्यपाल विशेष परिस्थितियों में जो आदेश जारी करता है, उसे अध्यादेश कहते

प्रश्न 10.
पद-ग्रहण के पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री को राज्यपाल के समक्ष किस आशय की शपथ लेनी होती है?
उत्तर:
पद-ग्रहण से पूर्व मुख्यमंत्री को राज्यपाल के समक्ष दो शपथ लेनी होती है-पहली, पद के कर्तव्य पालन की तथा दूसरी, गोपनीयता की।

प्रश्न 11.
उच्च न्यायालय के गठन का प्रावधान संविधान के किस अनुच्छेद के अंतर्गत किया गया है?
उत्तर:
उच्च न्यायालय के गठन का प्रावधान संविधान के अनुच्छेद 214 के अंतर्गत किया गया है।

प्रश्न 12.
उच्च न्यायालय का न्यायाधीश अपना त्यागपत्र किसे संबोधित कर देता है?
उत्तर:
उच्च न्यायालय का न्यायाधीश राष्ट्रपति को संबोधित करके अपना त्याग पत्र दे सकता है।

राज्य सरकार लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (Short Answer Type Questions)

प्रश्न 1.
किन्हीं तीन ऐसी परिस्थितियों का उल्लेख कीजिए, जिससे किसी विधानसभा के सदस्य की सदस्यता का अंत हो जाता
उत्तर:
विधानमंडल के दोनों सदनों की सदस्यता का अंत निम्न में से किसी भी परिस्थिति में हो जाता है|

  • कोई भी व्यक्ति यदि राज्य विधानमंडल के दोनों सदनों का सदस्य निर्वाचित हो जाता है, तो उसे एक सदन से त्यागपत्र देना होगा। इसी प्रकार कोई भी व्यक्ति राज्य के विधानमंडल और संसद दोनों का एक साथ सदस्य नहीं रह सकता है।
  •  कोई भी सदस्य यदि विधानमंडल के संबंधित सदन की बैठक में सदन की आज्ञा के बिना लगातार 60 दिन तक अनुपस्थित रहता है।
  • यदि किसी व्यक्ति के सदन का सदस्य हो चुकने के बाद उसमें सदस्यता के लिए निर्धारित योग्यता नहीं रह जाती है या उसमें कोई निर्धारित अयोग्यता पैदा हो जाती है।

प्रश्न 2.
विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष के कार्यों को संक्षेप में समझाइए।
उत्तर:
विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष के अधिकार तथा कार्य निम्न हैं

  1. वह विधानसभा की बैठकों की अध्यक्षता करता है और सदन की कार्यवाही का संचालन करता है।
  2. सदन में शांति और व्यवस्था बनाए रखना उसका मुख्य उत्तरदायित्व है तथा इस हेतु उसे समस्त आवश्यक कार्यवाही करने का अधिकार है।
  3. सदन का कोई सदस्य सदन में उसकी आज्ञा से ही भाषण दे सकता है।
  4.  वह सदन की कार्यवाही में ऐसे शब्दों को निकाले जाने का आदेश दे सकता है, जो असंसदीय या अशिष्ट हैं।
  5. सदन के नेता के परामर्श से वह सदन की कार्यवाही का क्रम निश्चित कर सकता है।
  6. वह प्रश्नों को स्वीकार करता है या नियम विरूद्ध होने पर उन्हें अस्वीकार करता है।
  7.  वह मतदान पश्चात परिणाम की घोषणा करता है।।
  8. सामान्य परिस्थिति से वह सदन के मतदान में भाग नहीं लेता, लेकिन यदि किसी प्रश्न पर पक्ष और विपक्ष में बराबर मत आए तो वह निर्णायक मत का प्रयोग करता है।
  9. कोई विधेयक धन विधेयक है अथवा नहीं, इसका निर्णय अध्यक्ष ही करता है।
  10. दल-बदल संबंधी याचिकाओं पर निर्णय देता है। अध्यक्ष की अनुपस्थिति में इन सभी कार्यों का संपादन उपाध्यक्ष करता है।

प्रश्न 3.
मान लीजिए आप विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष हैं और आपको सदन के सदस्यगण हटाना चाहते हैं। इसके लिए उन्हें जिस विधि का अनुसरण करना होगा, उसे संक्षेप में समझाइए।
उत्तर:
अगर सदस्यगण विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष को उसके कार्यकाल से पहले हटाना चाहते हैं, तो अध्यक्ष को विधानसभा सदस्यों के बहुमत द्वारा स्वीकृत प्रस्ताव के आधार पर हटाया जा सकता है, किंतु इस प्रकार के प्रस्ताव की सूचना 14 दिन पूर्व अध्यक्ष या उपाध्यक्ष को देना आवश्यक है। अध्यक्ष को विधानसभा सदस्यों के बहुमत द्वारा हटाया जा सकता है। इसके बाद अध्यक्ष अपना त्यागपत्र उपाध्यक्ष को तथा उपाध्यक्ष अपना त्यागपत्र अध्यक्ष को दे सकता है।

प्रश्न 4.
यदि राजस्थान में विधानपरिषद की स्थाना करनी हो, तो क्या विधि अपनानी होगी?
उत्तर:
विधानसभा को विधानपरिषद की उत्पत्ति तथा समाप्ति के लिए संसद से सिफारिशें करने का अधिकार है। अनुच्छेद 169 के अनुसार यदि विधानसभा अपनी पूरी सदस्य संख्या के बहुमत से तथा उपस्थित व मतदान करने वाले सदस्यों की संख्या के दो-तिहाई बहुमत से प्रस्ताव पारित कर देती है तो संसद उस राज्य के लिए विधानपरिषद का सृजन | अथवा समाप्ति के लिए कानून बनाएगी।

प्रश्न 5.
राज्यपाल पद के उम्मीदवार में कौन-सी योग्यताएँ आवश्यक हैं?
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल के पद पर नियुक्ति के लिए दो योग्यताएँ होनी आवश्यक हैं। प्रथम वह भारत का नागरिक हो और द्वितीय, उसकी आयु 35 वर्ष से अधिक हो, राज्यपाल संसद अथवा राज्य के विधानमंडल का सदस्य नहीं हो सकता है और यदि वह किसी सदन का सदस्य है तो राज्यपाल के पद पर नियुक्ति की तिथि से पहले उसे अपनी सदस्यता का त्याग करना होगा। राज्यपाल कोई लाभ का पद धारण नहीं कर सकता।

प्रश्न 6.
राज्यपाल की स्वविवेकीय शक्तियाँ बतलाइए।।
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल स्वविवेक की शक्तियों का उपयोग निम्नलिखित परिस्थितियों में करता है

  1. विशेष परिस्थितियों में मुख्यमंत्री का चयन
  2.  मंत्रिपरिषद को अपदस्थ करना
  3.  विधानसभा का अधिवेशन बुलाना या सत्रावसान करना
  4.  विधानसभा का विघटन
  5. मुख्यमंत्री से सूचना प्राप्त करना
  6. राष्ट्रपति को राज्य की संवैधानिक स्थिति के संबंध में रिपोर्ट भेजना
  7.  राज्य विधानमंडल द्वारा पारित किसी विधेयक को राष्ट्रपति की स्वीकृति हेतु भेजना
  8. विधानमंडल द्वारा पारित किसी विधेयक को स्वीकृति न देकर उसे पुनर्विचार के लिए लौटा देना
  9.  किसी अध्यादेश को प्रस्तुत करने से पूर्व राष्ट्रपति से अनुदेश की याचना करना।

प्रश्न 7.
राज्य मंत्रिपरिषद का गठन किस प्रकार होता है?
उत्तर:
मुख्यमंत्री की नियुक्ति राज्य की मंत्रिपरिषद के गठन का प्रथम चरण है। अनुच्छेद 164 में कहा गया है कि राज्यपाल मुख्यमंत्री की नियुक्ति करेगा और मुख्यमंत्री की सलाह से अन्य मंत्रियों की नियुक्ति करेगा। इस संबंध में निश्चित परम्परा यह है कि राज्य की विधानसभा में बहुमत दल के नेता को राज्यपाल मुख्यमंत्री पद पर नियुक्ति करता है।

अन्य मंत्रियों का चयन मुख्यमंत्री ही करता है और वह मंत्रियों के नामों तथा उनके विभागों की सूची राज्यपाल को देता है। मंत्रिपरिषद का गठन करना मुख्यमंत्री का विशेषाधिकार माना जाता है। मंत्रिपरिषद में कितने सदस्य हों, इसका निर्णय भी मुख्यमंत्री करता है। 91वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम द्वारा मंत्रिपरिषद के आकार को विधानसभा सदस्य संख्या का 15 प्रतिशत तक सीमित कर दिया गया है।

प्रश्न 8.
राज्य मंत्रिपरिषद की कार्यप्रणाली को संक्षेप में समझाइए।
उत्तर:
संविधान के द्वारा राज्यपाल को राज्य शासन के संबंध में जो शक्तियाँ प्रदान की गई हैं, व्यवहार में उन सबका उपयोग मंत्रिपरिषद के द्वारा ही किया जाता है। मंत्रिपरिषद शासन संबंधी सभी महत्वपूर्ण निर्णय लेती है और मुख्यमंत्री इन निर्णयों से राज्यपाल को सूचित करता है।

(i) शासन की नीति-निर्धारित करना- मंत्रीपरिषद का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कार्य शासन की नीति-निर्धारित करना है। चाहे गृह विभाग हो या शिक्षा, स्वास्थ्य अथवा कृषि, शासन की नीति का निर्धारण मंत्रीपरिषद के द्वारा ही किया जाता है। मंत्रिपरिषद न केवल नीति-निर्धारित करती है वरन उसे कार्य-रूप में परिणित करती है।

(ii) उच्च पदों पर नियुक्ति के संबंध में राज्यपाल को परामर्श- संविधान के अनुसार राज्यपाल महाधिवक्ता, राज्य लोकसेवा आयोग के अध्यक्ष और सदस्यों तथा अन्य उच्च अधिकारियों की नियुक्ति करता है। व्यवहार के अंतर्गत राज्यपाल के द्वारा ये सभी नियुक्तियाँ मंत्रिपरिषद के परामर्श के आधार पर ही की जाती हैं। मंत्रिपरिषद ही राष्ट्रपति को उच्च न्यायालय में न्यायाधीशों की नियुक्ति के संबंध में परामर्श देती है।

(iii) विधानमंडल में शासन का प्रतिनिधित्व- मंत्रिगण विधानसभा और विधानपरिषद में उपस्थित होकर सदस्यों के प्रश्नों तथा आलोचकों का उत्तर देते हैं और शासन की नीति का समर्थन करते हैं।

(iv) कानून-निर्माण का कार्यक्रम निश्चित करना- मंत्रीपरिषद न केवल शासन वरन कानून-निर्माण के क्षेत्र में भी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका अदा करती है। विधानमंडल में कौन-कौन से विधेयक तथा किस क्रम में प्रस्तुत किए जाएँगे, इसका निर्णय मंत्रीपरिषद को ही करना होता है।

(v) बजट तैयार करवाना- राज्य का वार्षिक बजट वित्तीय वर्ष के आरंभ होने से पूर्व वित्त मंत्री द्वारा विधानसभा में प्रस्तुत किया जाता है। यह बजट मंत्रीपरिषद द्वारा निश्चित की गई नीति के आधार पर ही तैयार किया जाता है। बजट को पारित कराने का उत्तरदायित्व भी मंत्रीपरिषद का ही होता है।

प्रश्न 9.
उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति हेतु कोई दो योग्यताएँ बताइए।
उत्तर:
उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीश की नियुक्ति हेतु योग्यताएँ

  • भारत का नागरिक हो।
  • भारत के राज्य क्षेत्र में कम से कम 10 वर्ष न्यायिक पद धारण कर चुका हो।
  • उच्च न्यायालय का या ऐसे दो या अधिक न्यायालयों का लगातार कम से कम 10 वर्ष तक अधिवक्ता रहा हो।

राज्य सरकार निबंधात्मक प्रश्न (Long Answer Type Questions)

प्रश्न 1.
विधानसभा के गठन, अधिकारों तथा कार्यों की विवेचना कीजिए।
उत्तर:
विधानसभा विधानमंडल का प्रथम और लोकप्रिय सदन है। संविधान में राज्य की विधानसभा के सदस्यों को केवल न्यूनतम और अधिकतम संख्या निश्चित की गई है। संविधान के अनुच्छेद 170 के अनुसार राज्य की विधानसभा के सदस्यों की अधिकतम संख्या 500 और न्यूनतम संख्या 60 होगी। चुनाव के लिए प्रत्येक राज्य को भौगोलिक आधार पर अनेक निर्वाचन क्षेत्रों में इस प्रकार विभाजित किया जाता है कि विधानसभा का प्रत्येक सदस्य कम से कम 75 हजार जनसंख्या का प्रतिनिधित्व करें। विधानसभा की शक्तियाँ और कार्य-राज्य विधानमंडल राज्य की व्यवस्थापिका है और संविधान के द्वारा राज्य विधानमंडल को व्यापक शक्तियाँ प्रदान की गई हैं।

(i) विधायी शक्ति- राज्य के विधानमंडल को सामान्यतया उन सभी विषयों पर कानून-निर्माण की शक्ति प्राप्त है, जो राज्य सूची में और समवर्ती सूची में दिए गए हैं। साधारण विधेयक राज्य विधानमंडल के किसी भी सदन में प्रस्तावित किए जा सकते हैं, किंतु इसके संबंध में अंतिम शक्ति विधानसभा को ही प्राप्त है।

(ii) वित्तीय शक्ति- विधानमंडल मुख्यतया विधानसभा को राज्य के धन पर पूर्ण नियंत्रण प्राप्त होता है। आय-व्यय का वार्षिक लेखा (बजट) विधानसभा से स्वीकृत होने पर ही शासन के द्वारा आय-व्यय से संबंधित कोई कार्य किया जा सकता है। विधानमंडल से विनियोग विधेयक पास होने पर ही सरकार संचित निधि से व्यय हेतु धन निकाल सकती है।

(iii) प्रशासनिक शक्ति- संविधान द्वारा राज्यों के क्षेत्र में भी संसदात्मक व्यवस्था स्थापित किए जाने के कारण राज्य मंत्रिमंडल अपनी नीति और कार्यों के लिए विधानमंडल, विशेषता विधानसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी होता है। विधानसभा या विधानपरिषदों के सदस्यों द्वारा मंत्रियों से उनके विभागों के संबंध में प्रश्न पूछे जा सकते हैं। मंत्रिमंडल के विरुद्ध निंदा या आलोचना का प्रस्ताव पास किया जा सकता है या काम रोको प्रस्ताव पास किया जा सकता है। इन सबके अतिरिक्त विधानसभा के द्वारा अविश्वास प्रस्ताव पास किया जा सकता है, जिसके कारण मंत्रिमंडल को पद त्याग करना पड़ सकता है।

(iv) संविधान में संशोधन की शक्ति- हमारे संविधान की कुछ धाराएँ ऐसी हैं, जिनमें संशोधन के लिए जरूरी है कि संसद द्वारा विशेष बहुमत के आधार पर पारित प्रस्ताव को कम से कम आधे राज्यों के विधानमंडलों द्वारा स्वीकार किया जाए। राज्य विधानमंडलों को संविधान संशोधन प्रस्तावित करने का अधिकार नहीं है। राज्य विधानमंडल तो केवल अनुसमर्थन या अस्वीकृत कर सकते हैं।

(v) निर्वाचन संबंधी शक्ति- राज्य की विधानसभा के निर्वाचित सदस्य राष्ट्रपति तथा राज्यसभा के सदस्यों के निर्वाचन में भाग लेते हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
विधानपरिषद के गठन, अधिकारों तथा कार्यों का उल्लेख कीजिए।
उत्तर:
विधानसभा को विधानपरिषद की उत्पत्ति तथा समाप्ति के लिए संसद से सिफारिशें करने का अथिकार है। अनुच्छेद 169 के अनुसार यदि विधानसभा अपनी पूरी सदस्य संख्या के बहुमत से तथा उपस्थित व मतदान करने वाले सदस्यों की संख्या के दो-तिहाई बहुमत से प्रस्ताव पारित कर देती है, तो संसद उस राज्य के लिए विधानपरिषद का सृजन अथवा समाप्ति के लिए कानून बनाएगी। संविधान में व्यवस्था की गई है कि प्रत्येक राज्य के विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की संख्या उसकी विधानसभा की संख्या के 1/3 से अधिक नहीं होगी, पर साथ ही यह भी कहा गया है किसी भी दशा में उसकी सदस्य संख्या 40 से कम नहीं होनी चाहिए। जम्मू-कश्मीर को इस संबंध में अवश्य अपवाद रखा गया है। विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों को निम्नलिखित लोग चुनते हैं

(i) स्नातकों के निर्वाचक मंडल- यह ऐसे शिक्षित व्यक्तियों का निर्वाचक मंडल होता है, जो उस राज्य में रहते हों, जिन्होंने स्नातक स्तर की परीक्षा पास कर ली हो और जिन्हें यह परीक्षा पास किए तीन वर्ष से अधिक हो। चुके हों। यह निर्वाचक मंडल विधानपरिषद के 1/12 भाग को चुनता है।

(ii) अध्यापकों का निर्वाचक मंडल- इसमें वे अध्यापक होते हैं, जो राज्य के अंतर्गत किसी माध्यमिक विद्यालय या इससे उच्च शिक्षण संस्था में 3 वर्ष से पढ़ा रहे हों। यह मंडल विधानपरिषद के 1/12 भाग को चुनता है।

(iii) राज्यपाल द्वारा मनोनीत सदस्य- राज्यपाल द्वारा मनोनीत सदस्यों की संख्या 1/6 होती है, जो साहित्य, कला, विज्ञान, सहकारिता और समाज-सेवा के क्षेत्रों में विशेष रुचि रखते हों।

(iv) अन्य तरीके से निर्वाचित- कुल सदस्यों का 5/6 भाग सदस्यों का चुनाव अन्य तरीके से होता है। विधानपरिषद के अधिकार और शक्तियाँ-विधानपरिषद के अधिकार तथा कार्यों का उल्लेख निम्न रूपों में किया जा सकता है.

  • कानून-निर्माण संबंधी कार्य-धन विधेयक को छोड़कर अन्य विधेयक राज्य में विधानमंडल के किसी भी सदन प्रस्तावित किए जा सकते हैं। धन विधेयक को छोड़कर अन्य विधेयक में विधानपरिषद को उतना ही अधिकार प्राप्त है, जितना विधानसभा को।
  • कार्यपालिका संबंधी कार्य- विधानपरिषद के सदस्य मंत्रिपरिषद के सदस्य हो सकते हैं। विधानपरिषद प्रश्नों,
    प्रस्तावों तथा वाद-विवाद के आधार पर मंत्रिपरिषद को नियंत्रित कर सकती है, किंतु उसे मंत्रिपरिषद को पदच्युत करने का अधिकार नहीं है। यह कार्य केवल विधानसभा के ही द्वारा किया जा सकता है।
  •  वित्त संबंधी कार्य- संविधान में स्पष्ट रूप से उल्लेख कर दिया गया है कि धन विधेयक केवल विधानसभा में ही प्रस्तावित किए जा सकते हैं, विधानपरिषद में नहीं। विधानसभा जब किसी धन विधेयक को पारित कर सिफारिशों के लिए विधानपरिषद के पास भेजती है, तो विधानपरिषद 14 दिन तक धन विधेयक को अपने पास रोक सकती है। यदि वह 14 दिन के भीतर अपनी सिफारिशों सहित विधेयक विधानसभा को नहीं लौटाती है, तो वह विधेयक उस रूप में दोनों सदनों से पारित समझा जाता है, जिस रूप में उसे विधानसभा ने पारित किया था।

प्रश्न 3.
राज्य विधानमंडल में साधारण विधेयक के पारित होने की प्रक्रिया बतलाइए।
उत्तर:
राज्य के विधानमंडल को सामान्यतया उन सभी विषयों पर कानून-निर्माण की शक्ति प्राप्त है, जो राज्य सूची में और समवर्ती सूची में दिए गए हैं। साधारण विधेयक राज्य विधानमंडल के किसी भी सदन में प्रस्तावित किए जा सकते हैं, किंतु इसके संबंध में अंतिम शक्ति विधानसभा को ही प्राप्त है। साधारण विधेयक दोनों सदनों द्वारा स्वीकृत होने चाहिए। लेकिन इसके साथ ही संविधान के अनुच्छेद 197 में कहा गया है कि यदि कोई विधेयक विधानसभा में पारित होने के पश्चात विधानपरिषद द्वारा अस्वीकृत कर दिया जाता है या परिषद् विधेयक में ऐसे संशोधन करती है, जो विधानसभा को स्वीकार्य नहीं होते या परिषद के समक्ष विधेयक रखे जाने की तिथि से तीन माह तक विधेयक पारित नहीं किया जाता है, तो विधानसभा उस विधेयक को पुनः स्वीकृत करके विधानपरिषद को भेजती है। यदि परिषद विधेयक को पुनः अस्वीकृत कर देती है

अथवा विधेयक रखे जाने की तिथि से एक माह बाद तक विधेयक पास नहीं करती या परिषद विधेयक में पुनः ऐसे संशोधन करती है, जो विधानसभा को स्वीकार नहीं होते, तो विधेयक विधानपरिषद द्वारा पारित किए जाने के बिना ही दोनों सदनों द्वारा पारित समझा जाता है। इस प्रकार विधानपरिषद किसी साधारण विधेयक को केवल चार माह तक रोक सकती है। विधानपरिषद किसी विधेयक को समाप्त नहीं कर सकती। दोनों सदनों में साधारण विधेयक पारित होने के बाद उसे राज्यपाल के पास हस्ताक्षर के लिए भेजा जाता है। राज्यपाल के हस्ताक्षर के उपरांत कोई भी विधेयक कानून का रूप ले लेता है।

प्रश्न 4.
राज्यपाल की नियुक्ति एवं शक्तियों की विवेचना कीजिए।
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल की नियुक्ति राष्ट्रपति द्वारा की जाती है। उसकी नियुक्ति 5 वर्ष की अवधि के लिए की जाती है, लेकिन वह अपने उत्तराधिकारी के पद ग्रहण करने तक अपने पद पर बना रह सकता है। राज्यपाल को उसकी कार्य अवधि 5 वर्ष पूर्व भी राष्ट्रपति के द्वारा हटाया जा सकता है या एक राज्य से दूसरे राज्य में स्थानांतरण किया जा सकता है। राज्यपाल यदि चाहे तो समय से पूर्व भी स्वयं अपना पद त्याग सकता है। राज्यपाल की शक्तियाँ और कार्य-संविधान के द्वारा राज्यपाल को पर्याप्त और व्यापक शक्तियाँ प्रदान की गई हैं। राज्य में राज्यपाल की वही स्थिति है, जो केंद्र में राष्ट्रपति की है।

(i) कार्यपालिका शक्तियाँ- राज्य की कार्यपालिका शक्तियाँ राज्यपाल में निहित है, जिनका प्रयोग वह स्वयं तथा | अधीनस्थ पदाधिकारियों द्वारा करता है। वह मुख्यमंत्री की नियुक्ति करता है तथा उसके परामर्श पर अन्य मंत्रियों की। वह राज्य लोक सेवा आयोग के अध्यक्ष और सदस्यों की नियुक्ति करता है।

(ii) विधायी शक्तियाँ- राज्यपाल राज्य की व्यवस्थापिका का एक अविभाज्य अंग है। वह व्यवस्थापिका को अधिवेशन बुलाता है, स्थगित करता है और व्यवस्थापिका के निम्न सदन विधानसभा को भंग कर सकता है। आम चुनाव के बाद वह विधानमंडल की पहली बैठक को संबोधित करता है। राज्य विधानसभा द्वारा पारित विधेयक पर राज्यपाल की स्वीकृति आवश्यक है। वह विधेयक को अस्वीकृत कर सकता है या उसे पुनर्विचार के लिए विधानमंडल को लौटा सकता है।

यदि विधानमंडल दूसरी बार विधेयक पारित कर देता है, तो राज्यपाल को स्वीकृति देनी ही होगी। कुछ विधेयकों को वह राष्ट्रपति के विचार के लिए रक्षित रख सकता है। यदि राज्य के विधानमंडल का अधिवेशन न हो रहा हो, तो राज्यपाल अध्यादेश जारी कर सकता है। यह अध्यादेश विधानमंडल की बैठक आरंभ होने के 6 सप्ताह के बाद तक लागू रहता है। राज्यपाल विधानपरिषद के 1/6 भाग सदस्यों को मनोनीत करता है।

(iii) वित्तीय शक्तियाँ- राज्यपाल को कुछ वित्तीय शक्तियाँ भी प्राप्त हैं। राज्य विधानसभा में राज्यपाल की पूर्व स्वीकृति के बिना कोई भी धन विधेयक प्रस्तुत नहीं किया जा सकता। वह व्यवस्थापिका के समक्ष प्रति वर्ष बजट प्रस्तुत करवाता है और उसकी अनुमति के बिना किसी भी अनुदान की माँग नहीं की जा सकती है। राज्यपाल विधानमंडल से पूरक, अतिरिक्त तथा अधिक अनुदानों की भी माँग कर सकता है। राज्य की संचित निधि राज्यपाल के ही अधिकार में रहती है।

(iv) न्यायिक शक्तियाँ- फौजदारी मामले में न्यायालय द्वारा सजा दिए गए व्यक्ति की सजा को राज्यपाल कम कर सकता है या माफ कर सकता है।

(v) स्वविवेक की शक्तियाँ- राज्यपाल को स्वविवेक की शक्तियाँ प्राप्त हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
राज्य मंत्रिपरिषद के गठन एवं शक्तियों का वर्णन कीजिए।
उत्तर:
संविधान द्वारा राज्यों में भी संसदात्मक शासन-व्यवस्था स्थापित की गई है और संसदात्मक शासन में राज्य की वास्तविक कार्यपालिका शक्ति मंत्रिपरिषद में निहित होती है, जो कि राज्य की विधानसभा के प्रति उत्तरदायी होती है। मंत्रिपरिषद का गठन-मुख्यमंत्री की नियुक्ति राज्य के मंत्रिपरिषद के गठन का प्रथम चरण है। राज्यपाल मुख्यमंत्री की नियुक्ति करता है और मुख्यमंत्री की सलाह से अन्य मंत्रियों की नियुक्ति करता है। मंत्रिपरिषद का गठन करना मुख्यमंत्री का विशेषाधिकार माना जाता है। मंत्रिपरिषद में कितने सदस्य हों, इसका निर्णय भी मुख्यमंत्री करता है। राज्यों की मंत्रिपरिषद में तीन श्रेणियाँ होती है-

  1.  कैबिनेट मंत्री
  2.  राज्य मंत्री
  3.  उपमंत्री।

मंत्रिपरिषद की शक्तियाँ एवं कार्य

  • शासन की नीति निर्धारित करना-मंत्रिपरिषद का सबसे महत्वपूर्ण कार्य शासन की नीति निर्धारण करना है।
  •  उच्च पदों पर नियुक्ति के संबंध में राज्यपाल को परामर्श।
  • विधानमंडल में शासन का प्रतिनिधित्व।
  • कानून-निर्माण का कार्यक्रम निश्चित करना।
  • बजट तैयार करना।

प्रश्न 6.
राज्य प्रशासन में मुख्यमंत्री की भूमिका की विवेचना कीजिए।
उत्तर:
मुख्यमंत्री राज्य के बहुमत दल का नेता होता है। वह राज्य के प्रशासन में अपनी महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाता है। मुख्यमंत्री को निम्न शक्तियाँ प्राप्त हैं

(i) मंत्रिपरिषद का निर्माण- मुख्यमंत्री का मुख्य कार्य अपने मंत्रिपरिषद का निर्माण करना होता है। मुख्यमंत्री मंत्रियों का चयन कर सूची राज्यपाल को देता है, जिसे राज्यपाल स्वीकार कर लेता है। मंत्रियों के चयन में मुख्यमंत्री बहुत कुछ सीमा तक अपने विवेक के अनुसार कार्य करता है।

(ii) मंत्रियों के कार्य का बँटवारा- मुख्यमंत्री मंत्रिपरिषद के अपने सहयोगियों के बीच विभागों का बँटवारा करता

(iii) मंत्रिमंडल का कार्य संचालन- मुख्यमंत्री ही मंत्रिमंडल की बैठकें बुलाता है तथा उनकी अध्यक्षता करता है। । बैठक के लिए ऐजेंडा या कार्यसूची मुख्यमंत्री द्वारा ही तैयार की जाती है। मंत्रिमंडल की समस्त कार्यवाही मुख्यमंत्री के निर्देशानुसार होती है।

(iv) मंत्रिपरिषद और राज्यपाल के बीच संबंध स्थापित- कर्ता-संविधान के अनुसार मुख्यमंत्री पर भार है कि मंत्रिपरिषद और राज्यपाल के बीच संपर्क स्थापित करे। वह मंत्रिमंडल के निर्णयों की सूचना राज्यपाल को देता

(v) विधानसभा का नेता- मुख्यमंत्री सदन का नेता होता है। विधानसभा के नेता के रूप में उसे कानून-निर्माण
के क्षेत्र में महत्वपूर्ण स्थिति प्राप्त होती है और बहुत कुछ सीमा तक कानून-निर्माण कार्य उसकी इच्छानुसार ही संपन्न होता है। विधानसभा के नेता के रूप में वह राज्यपाल को विधानसभा भंग करने का परामर्श भी दे सकता है।

प्रश्न 7.
उच्च न्यायालय के संगठन एवं क्षेत्राधिकार को स्पष्ट कीजिए।
उत्तर:
भारत में एकीकृत न्यायपालिका है, जिसके सर्वोच्च स्तर पर उच्चतम न्यायालय है। उच्चतम न्यायालय के पश्चात न्यायपालिका में उच्च न्यायालय का स्थान आता है। राज्य स्तर पर सर्वोच्च न्यायिक संस्था उच्च न्यायालय है। अनुच्छेद 216 के अनुसार प्रत्येक उच्च न्यायालय मुख्य न्यायमूर्ति और ऐसे अन्य न्यायाधीशों से मिलकर बनेगा, जिनको राष्ट्रपति समय-समय पर नियुक्त करना आवश्यक समझे। इस प्रकार उच्च न्यायालय में न्यायाधीशों की संख्या राष्ट्रपति निर्धारित करेगा। उच्च न्यायालय के क्षेत्राधिकार-इसका तात्पर्य प्रथमतः उच्च न्यायालय द्वारा विवादों की सुनवाई करने के क्षेत्र से है। ये क्षेत्र हैं|

(i) संसद एवं राज्य विधानमंडल सदस्यों के निर्वाचन संबंधी विवाद।
(ii) मौलिक अधिकार व वसीयत, विवाह से संबंधित विवाद, कंपनी कानून आदि।
(iii) याचिका- अनुच्छेद 226 के अंतर्गत उच्च न्यायालय बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण, परमादेश, प्रतिषेध, उत्प्रेषण तथा अधिकार पृच्छा याचिका जारी कर सकता है। जहाँ सर्वोच्च न्यायालय अनुच्छेद 32 के तहत केवल मौलिक अधिकारों के लिए याचिका जारी कर सकता है। वहीं उच्च न्यायालय मौलिक अधिकारों के साथ-साथ अन्य मामलों के लिए याचिका जारी कर सकता है।
(iv) अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार- उच्च न्यायालय के अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार को निम्न भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है

(क) सिविल अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार- आयकर, पेटेन्ट, डिजाइन, उत्तराधिकार आदि मामलों में जिला न्यायालय के विरुद्ध उच्च न्यायालय में अपील की जा सकती है।
(ख) आपराधिक अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार- जब अपराधी को सेशन न्यायालय ने चार वर्ष के लिए कारावास दंड दिया है या मृत्यु दंड दिया है, तो उसके विरुद्ध उच्च न्यायालय में ही अपील की जा सकती है।
(ग) संवैधानिक अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार- कोई भी ऐसा मुकदमा, जिसमें संविधान की व्याख्या का प्रश्न हो, तो उच्च न्यायालय में अपील की जा सकती है।

अतिरिक्त प्रश्नोत्तर (More Questions Solved)

राज्य सरकार अति लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (Very Short Answer Type Questions)

प्रश्न 1.
राज्य का वैधानिक प्रधान कौन है?
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल।

प्रश्न 2.
राज्य का वास्तविक प्रधान कौन है?
उत्तर:
मुख्यमंत्री।

प्रश्न 3.
संविधान के अनुच्छेद 170 के अनुसार राज्य विधानसभा की अधिकतम और न्यूनतम संख्या कितनी होगी?
उत्तर:
संविधान के अनुच्छेद 170 के अनुसार राज्य विधानसभा की अधिकतम संख्या 500 और न्यूनतम संख्या 60 होगी।

प्रश्न 4.
राज्यपाल विधानसभा में किस स्थिति में और कितने सदस्यों को मनोनीत कर सकता है?
उत्तर:
राज्य की विधानसभा के निर्वाचन के बाद यदि संबंधित राज्य का राज्यपाल यह अनुभव करता है कि विधानसभा में आंग्ल-भारतीय समुदाय को उचित प्रतिनिधित्व नहीं मिला है, तो वह उस समुदाय के एक सदस्य को विधानसभा में मनोनीत कर सकता है।

प्रश्न 5.
संविधान के 95वें संशोधन के अनुसार अनुसूचित जातियों व जनजातियों के लिए विधानसभाओं में कब तक आरक्षण कर दिया गया है?
उत्तर:
राज्य की विधानसभाओं में अनुसूचित जातियों व जनजातियों के लिए स्थानों के आरक्षण की व्यवस्था (95वें संवैधानिक संशोधन 2009 के अनुसार) जनवरी 2020 ई० तक के लिए कर दी गई है।

प्रश्न 6.
विधानसभा के सदस्यों के चुनाव की निर्वाचन पद्धति क्या है?
उत्तर:
विधानसभा के सदस्यों का चुनाव मतदाताओं द्वारा प्रत्यक्ष रूप से होता है। चुनाव के लिए वयस्क मताधिकार और संयुक्त निर्वाचन प्रणाली तथा साधारण बहुमत की पद्धति अपनाई गई है।

प्रश्न 7.
विधानपरिषद का चुनाव किस पद्धति से कराया जाता है?
उत्तर:
विधानपरिषद के सदस्य अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से निर्वाचित होते हैं तथा इनका चुनाव आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व पद्धति के अनुसार एकल संक्रमणीय मत पद्धति द्वारा होता है।

प्रश्न 8.
भारत में स्थापित होने वाले प्रथम चार उच्च न्यायालयों के नाम बताएँ।
उत्तर:
भारत में सर्वप्रथम उच्च न्यायालय 1862 में कलकत्ता, बॉम्बे एवं मद्रास में स्थापित किए गए। 1866 में इलाहाबाद उच्च न्यायालय की स्थापना की गई।

प्रश्न 9.
वर्तमान में भारत में कितने उच्च न्यायालय हैं?
उत्तर:
वर्तमान में भारत में 24 उच्च न्यायालय हैं।

प्रश्न 10.
उच्च न्यायालय में न्यायाधीशों की संख्या कौन निर्धारित करता है?
उत्तर:
उच्च न्यायालय में न्यायाधीशों की संख्या राष्ट्रपति निर्धारित करता है।

प्रश्न 11.
राज्यपाल और मंत्रिपरिषद के बीच कौन संपर्क स्थापित करता है?
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल और मंत्रिपरिषद के बीच मुख्यमंत्री संपर्क स्थापित करता है।

प्रश्न 12.
विधानसभा का प्रत्येक सदस्य कम से कम कितनी जनसंख्या का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है?
उत्तर:
विधानसभा का प्रत्येक सदस्य कम से कम 75 हजार जनसंख्या का प्रतिनिधित्व करता है।

प्रश्न 13.
91वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम के द्वारा मंत्रिपरिषद् का आकार कितना निश्चित किया गया है?
उत्तर:
91वें संविधान संशोधन अधिनियम के द्वारा मंत्रिपरिषद के आकार को विधानसभा सदस्य संख्या का 15 प्रतिशत तक सीमित कर दिया गया है।

प्रश्न 14.
किस अनुच्छेद के अंतर्गत राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन की सिफारिश की जा सकती है?
उत्तर:
अनुच्छेद 356 के अंतर्गत राज्य में राष्ट्रपति शासन की सिफारिश केंद्रीय मंत्रिमंडल द्वारा की जा सकती है।

प्रश्न 15.
विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष और उपाध्यक्ष को उसके पद से हटाने की सूचना कितने दिन पहले देना आवश्यक है?
उत्तर:
विधानसभा के अध्यक्ष और उपाध्यक्ष को उसके पद से हटाने की सूचना 14 दिन पहले देना आवश्यक है।

प्रश्न 16.
विधानसभा जब किसी धन विधेयक को पारित कर सिफारिशों के लिए विधानपरिषद के पास भेजती है तो विधानपरिषद उसे कितने दिन तक रोक सकती है?
उत्तर:
विधानसभा जब किसी धन विधेयक को पारित कर सिफारिशों के लिए विधानपरिषद के पास भेजती है तो विधानपरिषद उसे 14 दिन तक रोक सकती है।

राज्य सरकार लघूत्तरात्मक प्रश्न (Short Answer Type Questions)

प्रश्न 1.
विधानसभा के सदस्यों की क्या योग्यताएँ होनी चाहिए?
उत्तर:
विधानसभा के सदस्यों की निम्न योग्यताएँ होनी चाहिए

  1. वह भारत का नागरिक हो।
  2. उसकी आयु कम से कम 25 वर्ष हो।
  3. वह भारत सरकार या राज्य सरकार के अधीन लाभ का पद धारण किए हुए न हो।
  4. वह पागल या दिवालिया घोषित न किया जा चुका हो।
  5. वह संसद या राज्य के विधानमंडल द्वारा निर्धारित शर्तों की पूर्ति करता हो।

प्रश्न 2.
विधानसभा का कार्यकाल कितना होता है। इसे कार्यकाल से पहले कब भंग किया जा सकता है?
उत्तर:
राज्य विधानसभा का कार्यकाल 5 वर्ष होता है। मुख्यमंत्री की सिफारिश पर राज्यपाल विधानसभा को 5 वर्ष से पहले भी भंग कर सकता है या राज्य सरकार अल्पमत में आ गई हो या राज्य की शांति-व्यवस्था भंग होने पर या राज्य का शासन संविधान के अनुकूल नहीं चलने पर, राज्यपाल राज्य में 5 वर्ष से पहले राष्ट्रपति शासन की। घोषणा कर सकता है।

यदि संकटकाल की घोषणा प्रवर्तन में हो, तो संसद विधि द्वारा विधानसभा का कार्यकाल बढ़ा सकती है जो एक बार में एक वर्ष से अधिक नहीं होगा तथा किसी भी अवस्था में संकटकाल की घोषणा समाप्त हो जाने के बाद 6 माह की अवधि से अधिक नहीं होगा।

प्रश्न 3.
भारतीय संविधान के अनुसार विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की अधिकतम और न्यूनतम सीमा क्या है?
उत्तर:
राज्य के विधानमंडल का द्वितीय या उच्च सदन विधानपरिषद होता है। संविधान में व्यवस्था की गई है कि प्रत्येक राज्य | की विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की संख्या उसकी विधानसभा के सदस्यों की संख्या के 1/3 से अधिक नहीं होगी, पर साथ ही यह भी कहा गया है कि किसी भी दशा में उसकी सदस्य संख्या 40 से कम नहीं होनी चाहिए। जम्मू-कश्मीर को इस संबंध में अवश्य ही अपवाद रखा गया है।

प्रश्न 4.
विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की योग्यताएँ तथा कार्यकाल के बारे में व्याख्या करें।
उत्तर:
विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों की योग्यताएँ- विधानपरिषद की सदस्यता के लिए वे ही योग्यताएँ हैं, जो विधानसभा की सदस्यता के लिए हैं, अंतर केवल यह है कि विधानपरिषद की सदस्यता के लिए आयु 30 वर्ष होनी चाहिए। इसके अतिरिक्त निर्वाचित सदस्य को उस राज्य की विधानसभा के निर्वाचन क्षेत्र का निर्वाचक होना चाहिए।

कार्यकाल- विधानपरिषद स्थायी सदन है। पूरी विधानपरिषद कभी भी भंग नहीं होती और उसे राज्यपाल द्वारा भी भंग नहीं किया जा सकता। विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों का कार्यकाल 6 वर्ष है। प्रति दो वर्ष के पश्चात एक-तिहाई सदस्य अपना पद छोड़ देते हैं और उनके स्थान के लिए नए निर्वाचन होते हैं।

प्रश्न 5.
राजस्थान विधानपरिषद के गठन की प्रक्रिया व वर्तमान स्थिति क्या है?
उत्तर:
राजस्थान में वर्तमान में राज्य विधानमंडल का प्रथम सदन ही है, जिसे विधानसभा के नाम से जाना जाता है। विधानपरिषद के गठन संबंधी प्रस्ताव विधानसभा ने पास कर केंद्र सरकार की अनुमति एवं अनुमोदन हेतु भेजा है। वर्तमान में गठन संबंधी प्रस्ताव केंद्र सरकार के पास है। अत: राजस्थान में विधानमंडल का द्वितीय सदन नहीं है। केंद्र सरकार के अनुमोदन के पश्चात गठन की प्रक्रिया प्रारंभ की जाएगी।

प्रश्न 6.
राज्यपाल की नियुक्ति के संबंध में स्वस्थ परंपराएँ क्या है तथा राज्यपाल को कितना वेतन मिलता है?
उत्तर:
राज्यपाल की नियुक्ति के संबंध में भारतीय संविधान लागू होने के बाद से अब तक कुछ स्वस्थ परंपराएँ विकसित हुई हैं|

  1. राज्यपाल उस राज्य का निवासी नहीं होना चाहिए, जिस राज्य में उसे राज्यपाल बनाया जा रहा है।
  2. राज्यपाल की नियुक्ति से पूर्व केंद्रीय सरकार संबंधित राज्य के मुख्यमंत्री से परामर्श करे तथा उससे सहमति प्राप्त करे। वेतन व भत्ते-वर्तमान में राज्यपाल को 1 लाख 10 हजार रुपये मासिक वेतन प्राप्त होता है। इसके अतिरिक्त उसे नि:शुल्क निवास स्थान, भत्ते एवं अन्य सब सुविधाएँ प्राप्त होती हैं, जिन्हें संसद ने कानून के द्वारा निर्धारित किया है। राज्यपाल के वेतन तथा भत्ते भारत की संचित निधि पर भारित होने के कारण मत निरपेक्ष हैं।

प्रश्न 7.
उच्च न्यायालय की स्वतंत्रता के लिए क्या व्यवस्था की गई है?
उत्तर:
उच्च न्यायालय की स्वतंत्रता के लिए निम्न व्यवस्थाएँ की गई हैं।

  1. नियुक्ति के लिए विशेष प्रक्रिया।
  2. निश्चित कार्यकाल।
  3. संसद में न्यायाधीशों के आचरण पर महाभियोग के अतिरिक्त चर्चा नहीं।
  4. उच्च न्यायालय का न्यायाधीश अवकाश ग्रहण करने के बाद उन न्यायालयों में निजी प्रैक्टिस नहीं करेगा, जहाँ | वह स्थायी न्यायाधीश रह चुका हो।
  5. कार्यपालिका से पृथक्करण।

राज्य सरकार निबंधात्मक प्रश्न (Long Answer Type Questions)

प्रश्न 1.
विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों का निर्वाचन तथा मनोनयन किस प्रकार होता है?
उत्तर:
विधानपरिषद के लगभग 5/6 सदस्यों को निर्वाचित किया जाता है तथा शेष लगभग 1/6 सदस्यों को मनोनीत किया जाता है। विधानपरिषद के सदस्य अप्रत्यक्ष रूप से निर्वाचित होते हैं तथा चुनाव आनुपातिक प्रतिनिधित्व पद्धति के अनुसार एकल संक्रमणीय मत पद्धति द्वारा होता है। निम्नलिखित निर्वाचक मंडल विधानपरिषद के सदस्यों का चुनाव करते हैं।

  • स्थानीय संस्थाओं का निर्वाचक मंडल- समस्त सदस्यों का निकटतम एक-तिहाई उस राज्य की नगरपालिकाओं, जिला परिषदों और ऐसी अन्य स्थानीय संस्थाओं द्वारा चुना जाता है, जैसा कि संसद कानून द्वारा निर्धारित किया जाता है।
  • विधानसभा का निर्वाचक मंडल- कुल संख्या के एक-तिहाई सदस्यों का निर्वाचन विधानसभा के सदस्य ऐसे व्यक्तियों में से करते हैं, जो विधानसभा के सदस्य न हों।
  •  स्नातकों का निर्वाचन मंडल- यह ऐसे शिक्षित व्यक्तियों का निर्वाचक मंडल होता है, जो उस राज्य में रहते हों और जिन्होंने स्नातक स्तर की परीक्षा पास कर ली हो तथा जिन्हें यह परीक्षा पास किए तीन वर्ष से अधिक हो चुके हों, यह निर्वाचक मंडल कुल सदस्यों के यथाशक्य निकटतम 1/12 भाग को चुनता है।
  • अध्यापकों का निर्वाचक मंडल- इसमें वे अध्यापक होते हैं, जो राज्य के अंतर्गत किसी माध्यमिक विद्यालय या इससे उच्च शिक्षण संस्था में 3 वर्ष से पढ़ा रहे हों। यह निर्वाचक मंडल कुल सदस्यों के 1/12 भाग को चुनता है।
  • राज्यपाल द्वारा मनोनीत सदस्य- उपर्युक्त प्रकार के कुल सदस्य संख्या के लगभग 5/6 सदस्यों को तो निर्वाचित किया जाता है, शेष अर्थात कुल संख्या के लगभग 1/6 सदस्य राज्यपाल द्वारा उन व्यक्तियों में से मनोनीत किए जाते हैं, जो साहित्य, विज्ञान, कला, सहकारिता और समाज सेवा के क्षेत्रों में विशेष रुचि रखते हों।

प्रश्न 2.
उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीशों के कार्यकाल, शपथ, स्थानांतरण तथा वेतन के बारे में व्याख्या करें।
उत्तर:
कार्यकाल-अनुच्छेद 217(1) के अंतर्गत न्यायाधीश के कार्यकाल संबंधी प्रावधान हैं

  • वह 62 वर्ष की आयु तक पद धारण करेगा।
  • न्यायाधीश राष्ट्रपति को संबोधित करके अपना त्याग-पत्र दे सकता है।
  •  न्यायाधीश को गलत आचरण, भ्रष्टाचार आदि के कारण संसद के दोनों सदनो के दो-तिहाई बहुमत से पारित प्रस्ताव के बाद राष्ट्रपति के आदेश द्वारा हटाया जा सकता है।

न्यायाधीश द्वारा शपथ- अनुच्छेद 219 के अनुसार उच्च न्यायालय का न्यायाधीश राज्य के राज्यपाल या उसके द्वारा नियुक्त व्यक्ति के समक्ष शपथ लेगा।
न्यायाधीशों का स्थानांतरण- उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीशों का स्थानांतरण राष्ट्रपति उच्चतम न्यायालय के मुख्य न्यायाधीश के परामर्श के बाद करता है।
न्यायाधीशों के वेतन- अनुच्छेद 221 के अनुसार उच्च न्यायालय के न्यायाधीशों के वेतन संसद द्वारा तय की जाएगी। वर्तमान में मुख्य न्यायाधीश को 90,000 रुपये व अन्य न्यायाधीशों को 80,000 रुपये मासिक वेतन मिलता है।

प्रश्न 3.
उच्च न्यायालय के कार्यक्षेत्र एवं शक्तियों के बारे में व्याख्या करें।
उत्तर:
उच्च न्यायालय के कार्यक्षेत्र एवं शक्तियाँ निम्न हैं

(i) मूल क्षेत्राधिकार- उच्च न्यायालय संसद एवं राज्य विधानमंडल सदस्यों के निर्वाचन संबंधी विवाद, राजस्व एकत्रीकरण संबंधी विवाद, मौलिक अधिकार व वसीयत, विवाह विधि, कंपनी कानून तथा विवाह विच्छेद आदि के मुकदमे की सुनवाई करता है।

(ii) याचिका अधिकारिता- अनुच्छेद 226 के अंतर्गत उच्च न्यायालय बंदी प्रत्यक्षीकरण, परमादेश, प्रतिषेध, उत्प्रेषण तथा अधिकार पृच्छा याचिका जारी कर सकता है।

(iii) अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार- उच्च न्यायालय के अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार को निम्न भागों में बाँटा जा सकता है सिविल अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार-आयकर, पेटेण्ट, डिजाइन, उत्तराधिकार आदि मामलों में जिला न्यायालय के विरुद्ध उच्च न्यायालय में अपील की जा सकती है। आपराधिक अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार-जब अपराधी को सेशन न्यायालय ने चार वर्ष के लिए कारावास दंड दिया है या मृत्यु दंड दिया है, तो उसके विरुद्ध अपील उच्च न्यायालय में हो सकती है। संवैधानिक अपीलीय क्षेत्राधिकार-कोई भी ऐसा मुकदमा, जिसमें संविधान की व्याख्या का प्रश्न हो, तो उच्च न्यायालय में अपील की जा सकती है।

(iv) अभिलेख न्यायालय- अनुच्छेद 215 के अंतर्गत प्रत्येक उच्च न्यायालय अभिलेख न्यायालये होगा और उसको अवमानना के लिए दंड देने की शक्ति है। उच्च न्यायालय के निर्णय रिकॉर्ड की तरह सुरक्षित रखे जाएँगे और वे अधीनस्थ न्यायालय के लिए कानून की तरह कार्य करेंगे।

(v) प्रशासन संबंधी अधिकार- उच्च न्यायालय अपने अधीन किसी न्यायालय के पत्रों/निर्णय को मँगवा सकता है। और उनकी जाँच पड़ताल करवा सकता है। उच्च न्यायालय यह निगरानी रखता है कि अधीनस्थ न्यायालय अपनी शक्ति-सीमा का उल्लंघन तो नहीं कर रहा तथा अपने कर्तव्यों का ठीक से निर्वाह कर रहा है। वह किसी भी अभियोग को एक न्यायालय से हटाकर दूसरे न्यायालय में विचार तथा निर्णय के लिए भेज सकता है।

(vi) न्यायिक पुनरावलोकन- उच्च न्यायालय केंद्र व राज्य विधायिका व कार्यपालिका के कार्यों को वैध या अवैध घोषित कर सकता है।

We hope the given RBSE Solutions for Class 10 Social Science Chapter 7 राज्य सरकार will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 Social Science Solutions Chapter 7 राज्य सरकार, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech

July 5, 2026 by Fazal Leave a Comment

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 10
Subject English
Chapter English Grammar
Chapter Name Direct and Indirect Speech
Number of Questions Solved 16
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech

Direct and Indirect Speech
( प्रत्यक्ष एवं अप्रत्यक्ष कथन)

यदि हम किसी की कही हुई बात को, ज्यों का त्यों कह दें, या लिख दें तो इसे हम Direct Speech या Direct Narration कहते हैं। इसमें हम बोलने वाले के मूल शब्दों को *” में लिखते हैं। ऐसा हमें लिखित (writing) में तो कर सकते हैं लेकिन बोलने में आमतौर से Indirect Speech का ही प्रयोग करते हैं। Indirect Speech में हम बोलने वाले के शब्दों को, ज्यों का त्यों न कहकर अपने शब्दों में ही कहते हैं और “” का प्रयोग भी नहीं करते। जैसे

Direct : I said to Mr. Joshi, “You are a great leader.”
Indirect : I told Mr. Joshi that he was a great leader.

साधारणतया Direct Narration से Indirect Narration में बदलते समय निम्न परिवर्तन होते हैं

  1. Reported Speech के बाहर वाला say to, says to, said to या will say to बदलकर tell, tells, told या will tell हो जाता है। यह ध्यान रहे कि say, says इत्यादि के बाद to नहीं हो तो इन्हें बदलते नहीं।
  2. वाक्य के दोनों भागों को अलग करने वाले Comma (,) व Inverted Comma (“”) हट जाते हैं और इनकी जगह that लग जाता है।
  3. वाक्य के अंदर आए हुए Pronouns को वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार बदलते हैं।

Example

  • Reported Speech में First Person के Pronoun को Reporting Verb के Subject के Person के अनुसार बदला जाता है। जैसे
    1. Direct : I said, “I am speaking the truth.”
    Indirect : I said that I was speaking the truth.
    2. Direct : I said to you, “I have always helped you.”
    Indirect : I told you that I had always helped you
  • Reported Speech में Second Person के Pronoun को Reporting Verb के Object के अनुसार बदला जाता है। जैसे
    1. Direct : He said to me, “you like Hindi.”
    Indirect: He told me that I liked Hindi.
    2. Direct : Rajat said to him “you are a good friend.”
    Indirect : Rajat told him that he was a good friend.
  • Reported Speech में Third Persons के Pronouns को नहीं बदला जाता है अर्थात् Third Person के Pronouns में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं किया जाता है। जैसे
    1. Direct : She said to me, “she reads in a boarding school.”
    Indirect : She told me that she read in a boarding school.
    2. Direct : the teacher said to me, “she is playing in the park.”
    Indirect: the teacher told me that she was playing in the park.

नियम (1) Direct Narration से Indirect Narration में बदलते समय, यदि Reported Speech के बाहर वाले वाक्य में Verb Present Tense या Futures Tense में हो तो Reported Speech के अन्दर वाले Verb का Tense नहीं बदलते।

  1. Direct : Philips is saying to his mother, “Father came here on Saturday.”
    Indirect: Philips is telling his mother that father came here on Saturday.
  2. Direct : Mr. Gay says to me “I am working hard for the examination.”
    Indirect : Mr. Gay tells me that he is working hard for the examinations.
  3. Direct : Mary says to Charles, “I can dance with you.”
    Indirect: Mary tells Charles that she can dance with him.
  4. Direct : William says to Temple, “I was going to school.”
    Indirect: William tells Temple that he was going to school.
  5. Direct : Milton says, “David and Mary are walking.”
    Indirect : Milton says that David and Mary are walking.
  6. Direct : Andrew will say, “Marvel went to Chennai.”
    Indirect: Andrew will say that Marvel went to Chennai.
  7. Direct : Margaret will say, “Sarita stole my ear-rings.”
    Indirect : Margaret will say that Sarita stole her ear rings.
  8. Direct : Mr. Wolf has just said to me, “I am very thirsty.”
    Indirect : Mr. Wolf has just told me that he is very thirsty.
  9. Direct : Bharat says to Sunita, “I don not read the Gita daily.”
    Indirect : Bharat tells Sunita that he does not read the Gita daily.

नियम (2) यदि Reported Speech के बाहर वाले वाक्य में Past Tense हो और Reported Speech at अंदरवाले वाक्य में Present Tense या Future Tense हो तो Indirect Speech में बदलते समय Reported speech के अन्दर वाला Verb, Past Tense में बदल जाएगा और नजदीकी बताने वाले शब्द दूरी बताने वाले शब्दों में बदल जाएँगे।

  1. Direct : The boy said, “The girl has stopped weeping.”
    Indirect: The boy said that the girl had stopped weeping.
  2. Direct : Girls said, “Maha Laxmi is playing carrom.”
    Indirect : Girls said that Maha Laxmi was playing carrom.
  3. Direct : The English teacher said to students, “I shall teach you Prepositions tomorrow also.”
    Indirect: The English teacher told students that he would teach them Prepositions the next day also.
  4. Direct : Raghav said to his mother, “I want a beautiful wife.”
    Indirect: Raghav told his mother that he wanted a beautiful wife.
  5. Direct : Anita said to Alka, “I can dance with her.”
    Indirect: Anita told Alka that she could dance with her.
  6. Direct : Lord Shiva said to Parvati, “I have been dancing since Sunday.”
    Indirect: Lord Shiva told Parvati that he had been dancing since Sunday.
  7. Direct : Pinky said to Anshu King, “I am ready to play with you.”
    Indirect: Pinky told Anshu King that she was ready to play with him.
  8. Direct : Jacob said to Yakub, “I have reached Moscow.”
    Indirect : Jacob told Yakub that he had reached Moscow.
  9. Direct : The Police Inspector said to the pick-pocket, “I shall punish you now and here.”
    Indirect: The Police Inspector told the pick-pocket that he would punish him then and there.
  10. Direct: The monitor said to boys, Today is Thursday, yesterday was Wednesday and tomorrow will be Friday.”
    Indirect: The monitor told boys that day was Thursday, the previous day had been Wednesday and the next day would be Friday.

Change in words expressing nearness, time, table auxiliaries, etc.
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech image 1
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech image 2

नियम (3) यदि Reported Speech के बाहर वाले वाक्य में Past Tense हो और अंदरवाले वाक्य में Past Tense हो तो अन्दर वाला वाक्य में भी Past Tense हो तो अन्दर वाला वाक्य में Tense निम्न प्रकार बदलता है।

  1. Past Indefinite Tense को Past Perfect Tense में बदलते हैं अर्थात् Verb की II form को had + Verb की III form में बदलते हैं।
  2. Past Continuous Tense as Past Perfect Continuous Tense में बदलते हैं अर्थात् was/were + Verb + -ing को had been + Verb + -ing में बदलते हैं।
  3. यदि Reported Speech के अंदर Past Perfect Tense या Past Perfect Continuous Tense हो तो इसको बदलते नहीं अर्थात् Reported Speech के अंदर had या had been हो तो इसमें कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता

Note

  • यदि Reported Speech में कोई पुरानी ऐतिहासिक घटना हो तो इसका Tense नहीं बदलता।
    Direct: Our Class Teacher said. “India became free in 1947.”
    Indirect: Our class Teacher said that India became free in 1947.
  • Reported Speech में Verb का Tense नहीं बदलता यदि वह उन दो बातों को बताए जो एक ही समय में हुए हों।

Example

  1. Direct : Harish said, “I ran away as soon as I saw the bear.”
    Indirect : Harish said that he ran away as soon as he saw the bear.
  2. Direct : Bhanwar said, Sita was playing chess while Radhey was playing on the tabla.
    Indirect : Bhanwar said that Sita was playing chess while Radhey was playing on the tabla
  3. Direct: Rakesh said, “I reached the school in the morning.”
    Indirect: Rakesh said that he had reached the school in the morning.
  4. Direct : Baby Rani said to me, “I did not dance yesterday.”
    Indirect : Baby Rani told me that she had danced the previous day.
  5. Direct : Yupi said, “I was dancing in the open ground.”
    Indirect: Yupi said that she had been dancing in the open ground.
  6. Direct : Jim Corbett said to the tiger, “I did not see you in the jungle.”
    Indirect : Jim Corbett told the tiger that he had not seen it in the jungle.
  7. Direct : Ali said, “Akbar had been trying to qualify R.T.S since 2008.”
    Indirect : Ali said that Akbar had been trying to qualify R.T.S since 2008.
  8. Direct : Parul said, “All were laughing then.”
    Indirect: Parul said that all had been laughing then.
  9. Direct : The language teacher said to him, “I taught you a poem long ago.”
    Indirect: The language teacher told him that he had taught him a poem before long.
  10. Direct : I said to the servant, “I had reached there before noon.”
    Indirect: I told the servant that I had reached there before noon.

नियम (4) यदि Reported Speech के अंदरवाले वाक्य में आदतन सत्य (habitual fact) या अटल सत्य (universal truth) हो तो इसका Tense कभी नहीं बदलता चाहे Reported speech के बाहर कोई भी Tense हो।

  1. Direct: The scholar said to us, “The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.”
    Indirect : The scholar told us that the Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
  2. Direct : Mother said, One and one make eleven.
    Indirect: Mother said that one and one make eleven.
  3. Direct : Shakuntala said to her mother, “The Pole Star always rises in the North.”
    Indirect : Shakuntala told her mother that the Pole Star always rise in the North.
  4. Direct : The Geography teacher said to us, “The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.’
    Indirect: The Geography teacher told us that the Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
  5. Direct : The merchant said his wife, “Honesty is the best policy.”
    Indirect: The merchant told his wife that honesty is the best policy.
  6. Direct : Father said to us, “Truth is evergreen.”
    Indirect : Father told us that truth is evergreen.
  7. Direct : The saint said to us, “Man is mortal and is born to die.”
    Indirect: The saint told us man is mortal and is born to die.

Change of Tenses
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech image 3

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. Rakesh says to me, “You are a very good man.”
  2. Sita told Radha. “I shall be reading a book.”
  3. Hari is saying to me, “I shall use your motor-cycle as my scooter is not in working order.”
  4. The teacher said to students, “Columbus discovered America.”
  5. The doctor said to the patient, “You have suffered a lot.”
  6. I say to Rajeev, “I have borrowed some money from you for 3 months.”
  7. Tara said to Balram, “The Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.”
  8. The lecturer said to girls, “I am leaving Jaipur for ever.”
  9. Grand-father said, “I have lost my eye-sight.”
  10. The judge said, “The lawyer did not come to the High Court yesterday.”
  11. The old man said to the policeman, “I saw the thief running away.”
  12. Shanti said to Sunita, “I don’t eat fruits daily.”
  13. Rohit said, “My wife comes from a small village.”
  14. Om Prakash said, “I am unwell today.”
  15. Uncle said, “My son always behaves like a foolish fellow.”

Answer.

  1. Rakesh tells me that I am a very good man
  2. Sita told Radha that she would be reading a book.
  3. Hari is telling me that he will use my motor-cycle as his scooter is not in working order.
  4. The teacher told students that Columbus discovered America.
  5. The doctor told the patient that he had suffered a lot.
  6. I tell Rajesh that I have borrowed some money from him for 3 months.
  7. Tara told Balram that the Sun rises in the East and sets in the West.
  8. The lecturer told girls that he was leaving Jaipur for ever.
  9. Grand-father said that he had lost his eye-sight.
  10. The judge said the lower had not come to the High Court the previous day.
  11. The old man told the policeman that he had seen the thief running away.
  12. Shanti told Sunita that she didn’t eat fruits daily.
  13. Rohit said that his wife came from a small village.
  14. Om Prakash said that he was unwell that day.
  15. Uncle said that his son always behaved like a foolish fellow.

Question 2.
Change the following sentence into Indirect Speech:

  1. Mohit said, “They were all careless.”
  2. I said to my father, “I went to see your doctor.”
  3. He will say to me, “I like to play games in the evening.”
  4. The old lady says, “It is going to rain very soon.”
  5. He said to me, “I have purchased many new books.”
  6. Radha says to Vallabh, “I shall go to circus tonight.”
  7. Salma said, “My friend is very tall and fat.”
  8. Man Singh said to me, “I had been playing chess.”
  9. Anshu said to Manshu, “I cannot trust you now.”
  10. The guest said to the host, “You have given me a hearty feast.”
  11. The M.L.A. said, “I am going to complain to the Minister tomorrow.”
  12. Mother said to father, “Someone is knocking at the door.”
  13. Anshu said to Good Luck, “I do not even remember her address.”
  14. The servant said to the master, “I have brought things from the market.”
  15. My wife said, “I have polished your shoes.”

Answer.

  1. Mohit said that they all had been careless.
  2. I told my father that I had gone to see his doctor.
  3. He will tell me that he likes to play games in the evening.
  4. The old lady says that it is going to rain very soon.
  5. He told me that he had purchased many new books.
  6. Radha tells Vallabh that she will go to circus tonight.
  7. Salma said that her friend was very tall and fat.
  8. Man Singh told me that he had been playing chess since morning.
  9. Anshu told Manshu that she could not trust her then.
  10. The guest told the host that he had given him a hearty feast.
  11. The M.L.A. said that he was going to complain to the Minister the next day.
  12. Mother told father that someone was knocking at the door.
  13. Anshu told Good Luck that she did not even remember her address.
  14. The servant told/informed the master that he had brought things from the market.
  15. My wife said that she had polished my shoes.

Interrogative Sentences

प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य (Interrogative Sentences) को Direct Narration से Indirect Narration में बदलने पर निम्न परिवर्तन होते हैं।

  1. Reported Speech at alt arst said do asked, say I ask site will say will ask at In
  2. ask या asked के बाद to कभी नहीं आता।
  3. वाक्य के दोनों भागों को अलग करने वाले comma (,) व Inverted comma (” “) हट जाते हैं और
    उनके स्थान पर :
    (a) जिस प्रशनों का उत्तर yes या no में आता है,उनमें वाक्य के दोनों भागों को जोड़ने के लिए if का प्रयोग करते हैं।
    (b) जिन प्रश्नों का उत्तर Yes या No में नहीं आता, उनमें वाक्य के दोनों भागों को जोड़ने के लिए कुछ नहीं लगाते।
  4. Indirect Narration में बदलने के बाद प्रश्न,प्रश्न नहीं रहता ।उसका राब्द -क्रम (word-order) बदल कर वह साधारण वाक्य (Assertive Sentence) बन जाता है अर्थात् सहायक क्रिया (Helping Verb) का जो टुकड़ा Direct Narration में Subject के पहले रखा हुआ था, Indirect Narration में Subject के बाद रख दिया जाता है।
  5. सहायक क्रिया (Helping Verb) जैसे do, does या did जिनका प्रयोग Direct Narration में प्रश्न बनाने के लिए किया गया है और जिनका, वाक्य की हिंदी करने पर कोई अर्थ नहीं होता, हट जाते हैं।
  6. प्रश्न-चिन्ह (?) हट जाता है और इसके स्थान पर Full Stop (.) लग जाता है।
  7. Inverted Comma के अंदर आए हुए Pronouns उसी प्रकार बदलते हैं जैसे वे साधारण वाक्य में बदलते | हैं। इसके लिए हम वाक्य की हिंदी करके समझ ले तो अधिक अच्छा रहे।
  8. Inverted Comma (“ ”) के अंदर आए हुए Verbs का Tense उसी प्रकार बदलते हैं, जैसे साधारण वाक्य में बदलते हैं।

Examples:

  1. Direct: The teacher said to John, “Are you preparing for some competitive examination?”
    Indirect: The teacher asked John if he was preparing for some competitive examination.
  2. Direct : Alexander said to me, “Will you lend me your pen and pencil?”
    Indirect : Alexander asked me if I would lend him my pen and pencil.
  3. Direct : Jacob said to John, “Is Sophia going to Ireland?”
    Indirect : Jacob asked John if Sophia was going to Ireland.
  4. Direct : I said to aunt, “Where are you coming from?”.
    Indirect: I asked aunt where she was coming from.
  5. Direct : Devi said to Singh, “What is your name and where are you going?”
    Indirect : Devi asked Singh what his name was and where he was going.
  6. Direct : The Home Minister said to the I.G.P, “Where is Saniya my daughter?”
    Indirect: The Home Minister asked the I.G.P where his daughter Saniya was.

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. My friend said to me, “How old are you?”
  2. The visitor asked Samuel, “How many girls are there in your class?”
  3. Father said to me, “What is your problem?”
  4. The teacher asked the boy, “Is this a scorpion or a spider?”
  5. The tourist asked the guide, “Which is the way to the Hawa Mahal?”
  6. I said to the patient, “Why do you worry?”
  7. The villager said to the new-comer, “What are you looking at?”
  8. The robber said to the patient, “Are you not afraid of death?”
  9. The nurse said to the patient, “Are you feeling like shivering?”
  10. I asked Hari Ram, “Do you know Nal and Neel?”
  11. The Maths teacher will ask, “Do you know Simplification?”
  12. Mallory asked Mary, “When will you exchange your old car?”
  13. Uncle asked me, Are you going to Amritsar next month?
  14. Rahim said to Jamil, “Why did you give my books to the book-binder?”

Answer.

  1. My friend asked me how old I was.
  2. The visitor asked Samuel how many girls there were in his class.
  3. Father asked me what my problem was.
  4. The teacher asked the boy if that was a scorpion or a spider.
  5. The tourist asked the guide which the way to the Hawa Mahal was.
  6. I asked the patient why did he worry.
  7. The villager asked the new-comer what he was looking at.
  8. The robber asked me if I was not afraid of death.
  9. The nurse asked the patient if he was feeling like shivering.
  10. I asked Hari Ram if he knew Nal and Neel.
  11. The Maths teacher will ask if I know Simplification.
  12. Mallory asked Mary when she would exchange her old car.
  13. Uncle asked me if I was going to Amritsar, the coming month.
  14. Rahim asked Jamil why he had given his books to the book-binder.

Question 2.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. They asked me, “Do you know the Sharmas?”
  2. I said to them, “Have you taken supper?”
  3. Surya said to him, “Do you know where the cycle-wala is?”
  4. Dara Said to the merchant, “Where did you purchase them from?”
  5. Nalini said to me, “Why are you going to Nagpur at this time?”
  6. Hari asked the stranger, “Where do you belong to?”
  7. Rahman asked Rahim, “Are you preparing for some U.P.S.C. Exam?”
  8. David said to Jonathan, “Am I not your devoted friend?”
  9. The Police Inspector asked me, “Where are you going at this time?”
  10. The maid-servant said to me, “Will you take coffee?”
  11. Mother said to her son, “Did you earn name and fame when you were abroad?”
  12. Father asked mother, “How do you do?”
  13. Hari asked his friend, “What are you doing these days?”
  14. Miss Rose said to the cobbler, “Will you mend my chappals?”

Answer.

  1. They asked me if I knew the Sharmas.
  2. I asked them if they had taken supper.
  3. Surya asked him if he knew where the cycle-wala was.
  4. Dara asked the merchant where he had purchased them from.
  5. Nalini asked me why I was going to Nagpur at that time.
  6. Hari asked the stranger where he belonged to.
  7. Rahman asked Rahim if he was preparing for some U.P.S.C. exam.
  8. David asked Jonathan if he was not his devoted friend.
  9. The Police Inspector asked me where I was going at that time.
  10. The maid-servant asked me if I would take coffee.
  11. Mother asked her son if he had earned name and fame when he had been abroad.
  12. Father asked mother how she was.
  13. Hari asked his friend what he was doing those days.
  14. Miss Rose asked the cobbler if he would mend her shoes.

Imperative Sentences

Imperative Sentences को Direct से Indirect में बदलते समय परिवर्तन निम्न प्रकार होते हैं।

  • Inverted Comma (” “) के बाहर वाला said या said to Inverted comma (” “) के अंदर के वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार बदलता है।
    (a) यदि अंदर के वाक्य में विनम्रता हो तो Inverted Comma (“”) के बाहर asked या requested लगाते है।
    (b) यदि Reported Speech की आज्ञा में कठोरता हो तो said या said to की बजाय ordered या Commanded लगाते हैं।
    (c) यदि Reported Speech के अंदर के वाक्य में प्रार्थना हो तो said या said to की बजाय requested लगाते हैं।
    (d) यदि Reported Speech के अंदर के वाक्य में सलाह या इच्छा हो तो said या said to की बजाय advised या wished लगाते हैं।
    (e) यदि Reported Speech के अंदर मना किया गया हो तो said या said to की बजाय forbade लगाते हैं।
  • Reported Verb व Reported Speech को अलग -अलग करने वाले Comma (,) व Inverted comma (” “) हट जाते हैं।
  • Reported Speech के अंदर वाले Verb के पहले to लगा कर रखते हैं।
  • Reported Speech के अंदर not या never हो तो इसे Infinitive से पहले रखते हैं।
  • यदि Reported Speech के अंदर Let आए तो बाहर वाला said-proposed, ordered या wished में बदल जाता है।
  • Comma और Inverted Comma को हटाकर Let के स्थान पर that लग जाता है और अंदर की क्रिया के पहले should रख देते हैं।

Examples:

  1. Direct : The teacher said to students, “Take permission from me if you want to go home.”
    Indirect: The teacher asked students to take permission from him if they wanted to go home.
  2. Direct : Father said to his daughter, “Get up early in the morning.”
    Indirect: Father advised his daughter to get up early in the morning.
  3. Direct : The beggar said to the judge, “Please pardon me.”
    Indirect: The beggar begged/requested the judge to pardon him.
  4. Direct : The monitor said to students, “Stand up.”
    Indirect: The monitor ordered students to stand up.
  5. Direct : The guest said to the servant, “Bring me a mug of coffee.”
    Indirect: The guest ordered the servant to bring him a mug of coffee.
  6. Direct : The Captain said to the soldiers, “Stand at-ease.”
    Indirect: The Captain commanded the soldiers to stand at-ease.
  7. Direct : The Class Teacher said to Ibrahim, “Get out of the class.”
    Indirect: The Class Teacher ordered Ibrahim to get out of the class.

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. The doctor said to me, “Be careful about your health.”
  2. Father said to his sons, “Never tease animals in the zoo.”
  3. The Lieutenant said to the soldiers, “Attack the enemy.”
  4. The teacher said to us, “Do your home-work attentively.”
  5. The judge said to the jailer, “Set the prisoner free.”
  6. The Emperor said to the Empress, “Leave me alone.”
  7. The Headmistress said to the peon, “Clean and arrange my office.”
  8. The P.T.I. said to students, “Stand up on your benches.”
  9. The master said to his servant, “Fetch my clothes from the tailor.”
  10. The doctor said to the patient, “Take medicines regularly.”
  11. The traffic policeman said to Ramesh yesterday, “Show me your driving-license.”
  12. The King said to his guard, “Be careful while I am asleep.”
  13. Uncle said to aunt, “Go to the physician and bring medicines for me.”
  14. My little sister said, “let us go to market.”
  15. The old drunkard said, “Let me have some vodka.”

Answer.

  1. The doctor advised me to be careful about my health.
  2. Father advised his sons never to tease animals in the zoo.
  3. The Lieutenant ordered (commanded) the soldiers to attack the enemy.
  4. The teacher advised us to do our home-work attentively.
  5. The Judge ordered the jailer to set the prisoner free.
  6. The Emperor asked the Empress to leave him alone.
  7. The headmistress ordered the peon to clean and arrange his office.
  8. The P.T.I. ordered the students to stand up on their benches.
  9. The master ordered his servant to fetch his clothes from the tailor.
  10. The doctor advised the patient to take medicines regularly.
  11. The traffic policeman told Ramesh the previous day to show him his driving-license.
  12. The King ordered his guard to be careful while he was asleep.
  13. Uncle asked aunt to go to the physician and bring medicines for him.
  14. My little sister proposed that they should go to market.
  15. The old drunkard wished that he should have some vodka.

Exclamatory and Optative Sentences

Exclamatory Sentences में आशचर्य , हर्ष , शोक आदि पाए जाते हैं और उनमें Note of Exclamation (!) का प्रयोग किया जाता है। Optative Sentences में इच्छा, आशीर्वाद या शुभ कामना पाई जाती हैं।
उपर्युक्त प्रकार के वाकयों को Direct Narration से Indirect Narration में बदलने पर निम्न परिवर्तन होते हैं।

  • Inverted Comma (” “) के बाहर वाले वाक्य में जो said या said to इत्यादि आते हैं, वे Inverted Comma (” “) के अंदर के वाक्य के भाव के अनुसार-
    (a) Exclamatory Sentences में exclaimed with joy, exclaimed with sorrow, exclaimed with surprise या exclaimed with disgust में बदल जाते हैं।
    (b) Optative Sentences में bade, prayed या wished में बदल जाते हैं।
  • वाक्य के दोनों भागों को अलग करने वाले Comma (,) व Inverted comma (” “) हट जाते है और अधिकतर that लग जाता हैं।
  • How या What से शुरू होने वाले वाक्यों में Very का प्रयोग होता है।
  • अन्य परिवर्तन साधारण वाक्य की तरह ही होते हैं।

Examples:

  1. Direct : The baby said, “Hurrah! Mother has come.”
    Indirect: The baby exclaimed with joy and said that mother had come.
  2. Direct : The old woman said, Alas! ‘I am undone.’
    Indirect: The old woman exclaimed with sorrow and said that she was undone.
  3. Direct : The janta said. “Long live Man Mohan Singh.”
    Indirect: The janta wished/prayed that Man Mohan Singh should live long.
  4. Direct : Our neighbour said. “Alas! My precious gold chain is missing.”
    Indirect : Our neighbour exclaimed with sorrow and said that his/her precious gold chain was missing.
  5. Direct: The football players said, “Hurrah! We have won”.
    Indirect: The football players exclaimed with joy and said that they had won.
  6. Direct : The demon said,. Alas! How foolish I have been.
    Indirect: The demon exclaimed with sorrow and said that he had been very foolish.
  7. Direct : Parul said, “What a magnificent building it is!”
    Indirect : Parul exclaimed with joy/wonder and said that it was a magnificent building

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Change the following sentences into Indirect:

  1. The passenger said, “Oh! How long the train is.”
  2. Rustam said, “Alas! My son, Sohrab, is dead.”
  3. The little people said, “How huge Gulliver is!”
  4. Miranda said, Oh! How cruel my father is!
  5. Uncle said to Sonu, “May you pass with very good marks.”
  6. The small tree said, “Thank God! I am saved.”
  7. Princess Aurora said, “What an ungrateful creature it is!”
  8. Roopmati said, Good-bye, “my husband.”
  9. The maid-servant said, “Alas! I have lost my bag.”
  10. Father said to his daughter, “May you live long.
  11. People said, “Long live our President.”
  12. Longfellow said, “How tall I am.”
  13. The selfish man said, “What an ugly beggar he is!”
  14. The angel said, “How selfish these villagers are!”
  15. The scientist said, “Alas! We are undone!”

Answer.

  1. The passenger exclaimed with surprise and said that the train was very long.
  2. Rustam exclaimed with sorrow and said that his son Sohrab was dead.
  3. The little people exclaimed with wonder and said that Gulliver was very huge.
  4. Miranda exclaimed with sorrow and said that her father was very cruel.
  5. Uncle wished that Sonu might pass with very good marks.
  6. The small tree thanked God that it was saved.
  7. Princess Aurora exclaimed and said that it was a very ungrateful creature.
  8. Roopmati bade her husband good-bye.
  9. The maid-servant exclaimed with sorrow and said that she had lost her bag.
  10. Father wished that his daughter might live long.
  11. People wished their President long life.
  12. Long fellow wondered and said that he was very tall.
  13. The selfish man said that he was a very ugly beggar.
  14. The angel exclaimed with sorrow that those villagers were very selfish.
  15. The scientist exclaimed with sorrow and said that they were undone.

Question 2.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. Ravi said to Raju, “How much money did you earn yesterday?”
  2. Manoj said to Geeta, “Where are my children?”
  3. Ram said to Sita, “What are you looking for?”
  4. Mother said to me, “Can you solved all the sums?”
  5. Reeta said to Veena, “Where will Mohan go tomorrow?”
  6. He said to them, “Why did you laugh at me?”.
  7. The tourist said, “How beautiful this scenery is?”
  8. The teacher said, “Don’t fly kites for such a long time.”
  9. The guide said to visitors, “Don’t drive so fast.”
  10. Mohan said to Ram, “Please don’t tease me.”
  11. The teacher said to his students, “Can we make electricity?”
  12. I said to her, “Will Ashoka buy a motor-cycle next month?”
  13. Sheru said to the tailor, “Is my shirt ready?”.
  14. Ravi said to her, “Why should I buy a dictionary for you?”
  15. The policeman said to me, “What is your destination?”
  16. Sweta said to her uncle, “Will you buy me a doll?”
  17. Someone asked Priydarshini, “Why do you play with a foreign doll?”
  18. Neetu said to Richa, “Is your brother in the school now?”
  19. You said to Bharat, Do you live in Ayodhya?
  20. Pope said to Alexander, “Will you buy me a poster of Lord Krishna?”
  21. I said to Rama Kant, “Can you spare some money for me?”
  22. Mahesh said to Suresh, “When will you return my money?”
  23. I said to Shashtriji, “May you win the election.”
  24. Meeta said to her brother, “When will you reach Rangoon?”
  25. The officer said to the clerk, “Have you reach Rangoon?”
  26. The teacher said to the students, “Where did you go yesterday.”
  27. The teacher said to Rani, “Will you lend me your pen?”
  28. Mother wrote to father, “It may rain here tomorrow.”
  29. My neighbour said, “When do you go for a walk.”
  30. I said to my teacher, “Please give me a book of History.”
  31. I said to my younger sister, “On what day do you keep fast?”

Answer.

  1. Ravi asked Raju how much money he had earned the previous day.
  2. Manoj asked Geeta where his children were.
  3. Ram asked Sita what she was looking for.
  4. Mother asked me if I could solve all the sums.
  5. Reeta asked Veena where Mohan would go the next day.
  6. He asked them why they had laughed at him.
  7. The tourist exclaimed with joy and said that scenery was very beautiful.
  8. The teacher forbade (them) to fly kites for such a long time.
  9. The guide forbade the visitors to drive so fast.
  10. Mohan requested Ram not to tease him.
  11. The teacher asked his students if they could make electricity.
  12. I asked her if Ashoka would buy a motor-cycle the next month.
  13. Sheru asked the tailor if his shirt was ready.
  14. Ravi asked her why he should buy a dictionary for her.
  15. The policeman asked me what my destination was
  16. Sweta asked her uncle if he would buy her a doll.
  17. Someone asked Priyadarshini why she played with a foreign doll.
  18. Neetu asked Richa if her brother was in the school then.
  19. You asked Bharat if he lived in Ayodhya.
  20. Pope asked Alexander if he would buy him a poster of Lord Krishna.
  21. I asked Rama Kant if he could spare some money for me.
  22. Mahesh asked Suresh when he would return his money.
  23. I wished that Shashtriji might win the election.
  24. Meeta asked her brother when he would reach Rangoon.
  25. The officer asked the clerk if he had typed all the letters.
  26. The teacher asked the students where they had gone the previous day.
  27. The teacher asked Rani if she would lend him her pen.
  28. Mother wrote to father that it might rain there the next day.
  29. My neighbour asked when I went for a walk.
  30. I requested my teacher to give me a book of History.
  31. I asked my younger sister on what day she kept fast.

Question 3.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. I said to the soldier, “Tell me what you will do with the gun.”
  2. Mother said to her sister, “We are giving a party tomorrow.”
  3. Your friend said to you, “How old are you?”
  4. Raju said to Ravi, “Is the C.M. in Jaipur today.”
  5. I said to the servant, “What is he saying?”
  6. I asked an unknown person, “What are you doing here?”
  7. The teacher asked the monitor, “Why did you go to the picture today.”
  8. I asked her, “Why do you sing till late at night?”
  9. Lata said to Malti, “How do you look so cheerful today?”
  10. Mira said to Krishna, “Why don’t you speak to me?”
  11. Satan said to Mira, “Do not tell a lie.”
  12. Sohan said to Mohan, “What will your mother do tomorrow?”
  13. Neeru said to Viru, “Will you lend me some money.”
  14. Johnson said to Howard, “I am going to New York next month.”
  15. I said to her, “Is your money safe in the bank?”
  16. The lion said to the tiger, “Why do you eat meat?”

Answer.

  1. I told / asked the soldier to tell me what he would do with the gun.
  2. Mother told/informed her sister that they were giving a party the next day.
  3. Your friend asked you how old you were.
  4. Raju asked Ravi if the C.M. was in Jaipur that day.
  5. I asked the servant what he was saying.
  6. I asked an unknown person what he was doing there.
  7. The teacher asked the monitor why he had gone to the picture that day.
  8. I asked her why she sang till late at night.
  9. Lata asked Malti how she looked so cheerful that day.
  10. Mira asked Krishna why he did not speak to her.
  11. Satan ordered Mira not to tell a lie.
  12. Sohan asked Mohan what his mother would do the next day.
  13. Neeru asked Viru if he would lend her some money.
  14. Johnson told Howard that he was going to New York next month.
  15. I asked her if her money was safe in the bank.
  16. The lion asked the tiger why it ate meat.

Question 4.
Change the following sentences into Indirect Speech:

  1. My friend said to me, “I can see the lake from my window.”
  2. Bunyan said, “Can you read Latin, Harish?”
  3. The doctor said to me, “Can you take medicines regularly?”
  4. The visitor said to me, “How does a computer work.”
  5. The teacher said, “We have unity in diversity in India.”
  6. The physician said to him, “You may have to stay in hospital for one month.”
  7. Harry said to Potter, “Please lend me one thousand rupees for one year.”
  8. They said, “Are you going to see the exhibition?”
  9. Wife of the deceased person said, “Alas! I am undone.”
  10. They said, “We have won the debate competition.”
  11. They said, “We must be punctual to the minute.”
  12. Sita said, “ Shall I ever forget Lord Ram.”
  13. They said to their cook, “Prepare the breakfast early today.”
  14. They said to me, “Many happy returns of the day.”
  15. Mother said to her daughter, “You should not forget your jewellery.”
  16. Harish said, “You may take one million rupees from me.”
  17. I said to our neighbour, “Where did you go in the last vacation?”
  18. I said to him, “It is a little secret of mine.’
  19. They said to me, “The Earth moves round the Sun.”
  20. My brother said to me, “Where were you yesterday?”
  21. My servant said to me, “I have been waiting here for you for six hours.”
  22. Our Principal said to us, “English is a very useful language and is very easy to learn.”
  23. I said to him, “How long have you been studying French?”
  24. I said, “Long live our C.M.”

Answer.

  1. My friend told me that he could see the lake from his window.
  2. Bunyan asked Harish if he could read Latin.
  3. The doctor asked me if I could take medicines regularly.
  4. The visitor asked me how a computer worked.
  5. The teacher said that we had unity in diversity in India.
  6. The physician told him that he might have to stay in hospital for one month.
  7. Harry requested Potter to lend him one thousand rupees for one year.
  8. They asked if we were going to see the exhibition.
  9. Wife of the deceased person exclaimed with sorrow and said that she was undone.
  10. They said that they had won the debate competition.
  11. They said that they must be punctual to the minute.
  12. Sita wondered and asked if she would ever forget Lord Ram.
  13. They ordered their cook to prepare the breakfast early that day.
  14. They wished me many happy returns of the day.
  15. Mother told her daughter that she should not forget her jewellery.
  16. Harish said that he/I might take one million rupees from him.
  17. I asked our neighbour where he had gone in the last vacation.
  18. I told him that it was a little secret of mine.
  19. They told me that the Earth moves round the Sun.
  20. My brother asked me where I had been the previous day.
  21. My servant told me that he had been waiting there for me for six hours.
  22. Our Principal told us that English was a very useful language and was very easy to learn.
  23. I asked him how long he had been studying French.
  24. I wished that our C.M. might live long/I wished our C.M. long life.

Board Questions Solved

Question 1.
Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech:

  1. The young seagull said, “I am too young to fly.”
    The young seagull said….
  2. Santosh said to me, “Will you bring me a gift?”
    Santosh asked me……
  3. The doctor said to the lady, “Take the medicines daily.”
    The doctor advised the lady…
  4. Vivek said to Ajay, “Where do you live?”
    Vivek asked Ajay………

Answer.

  1. The young seagull said that he was too young to fly.
  2. Santosh asked me if I would bring her/him a gift.
  3. The doctor advised the lady to take the medicines daily.
  4. Vivek asked Ajay where he lived.

Question 2.
Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech:

  1. Gopal said to the bookseller, “Please provide me some new books.”
    Gopal requested the bookseller……
  2. The bookseller asked Gopal, “Which book do you want?”
    The bookseller asked Gopal…………
  3. Gopal said, “I want some English Grammar books.”
    Gopal said………..
  4. The bookseller said, “I have got a lot of new books.”
    The bookseller replied……

Answer.

  1. Gopal requested the bookseller to provide him some new books.
  2. The bookseller asked Gopal which book he wanted.
  3. Gopal said that he wanted some English Grammar books.
  4. The bookseller replied that he had got a lot of new books.

Question 3.
Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech:

  1. Rita said to Amar, “Have you seen my diary?”
    Rita asked Amar…….
  2. Amar said, “Is it she one with a brown cover?”
    Amar asked her………
  3. Rita said to Amar, “Oh yes, brother!”
    Rita……..
  4. Amar said to Rita, “I saw it lying on the new shelf in our drawing room.”
    Amar told Rita that…….

Answer.

  1. Rita asked Amar if he had seen her diary.
  2. Amar asked her if that was the one with a brown cover.
  3. Rita asserted with surprise.
  4. Amar told Rita that he had seen that lying on the new shelf in their drawing room.

Question 4.
Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech:

  1. Mother : Don’t go near the fire, children.
    Children: O.K. Mama, we won’t.
    The mother warned the children……
    The children replied in affirmation…….
  2. Ram : I plan to leave for USA next week.
    Raghav : Please bring a laptop for me.
    Ram said that…
    Raghav requested Ram…….

Answer.

  1. The mother warned the children not to go near the fire.
    Or
    The mother warned the children against going near the fire.
    The children replied in affirmation and said that they wouldn’t.
  2. Ram said that he planned to leave for USA the following week.
    Raghav requested Ram to bring a laptop for him.

Question 5.
Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech:

  1. Radha : Where are you going?
    Rekha : I am going to buy some green vegetables.
    Radha asked Rekha……….
    Rekha replied that…..
  2. Teacher : Students don’t make a noise in the class.
    Students : Sir, shall we learn the spelling?
    Teacher forbade the students…..
    Students asked the teacher respectfully if….

Answer.

  1. Radha asked Rekha where she was going.
    Rekha replied that she was going to buy some vegetables.
  2. Teacher forbade the students to make a noise in the class.
    Students asked the teacher respectfully if they should learn the spelling.

Question 6.
Rewrite the following sentences changing them into indirect speech:

  1. Ramesh : Ravi, what are you doing these days?
    Ravi : Ramesh, I am working in a glass factory.
    Ramesh asked Ravi………
    Ravi replied…

Answer.

  1. Ramesh asked Ravi what he was doing those days.
    Ravi replied that he was working in a glass factory.

Question 7.
Read the following dialogue and then complete the report by transforming the sentences from direct to reported speech. Write your answer in your answersheet with correct number. Do not copy the whole dialogue and report.

Anjali : Aunty, I want to know something about computer.
Aunty : Do you know what a calculator is?
Anjali told her aunty that …………………(a)…………………. Her aunty asked her ……………… (b) ………………..

Answer.
Anjali told her aunty that she wanted to know something about computer. Aunty asked her if she knew what a calculator is.

Exercise For Practice

  1. I said to the manager of the inn, “We have already paid the bill.”
  2. Rakesh said, “What a lovely bunch of flowers.”
  3. Kanhaiya said, “I am going to see father tomorrow.”
  4. The H.M. said to teachers, “Don’t leave the school without my permission.”
  5. I said to him, “That is my lost dog and I shall prove it.”
  6. He said, “Never eat rotten fruits.”
  7. Ram said to his father, “I shall work hard and bring good name to you.”
  8. Our lecturer said to me, “Have you prepared well for your examination?”
  9. He will say to you, “It is better said than done.”
  10. Mother said to father, “Can you spare some time for me?”
  11. The old lady said to us, “Go away from her immediately.”
  12. We said to him, “Why are you wandering here at night?”
  13. Shalini asked me, “Why do you work so hard?”
  14. They said to us, “Get out of our sight.”
  15. He said to me, “Whose book did you borrow last night?”
  16. He said to his sister, “Don’t be lazy in future.”
  17. My friend said to me, “Pay more attention in future.”
  18. He said to me, “Will you take lunch with me today?”
  19. They said, “Ah! Our father has been snatched by cruel hate.”
  20. He said, “Where has the ghost disappeared?”
  21. The Bank Manager said to me, “Where did you get these counterfeit coins from?”
  22. “Don’t park your vehicle here”, said the Chowkidar.
  23. Rani will say, “Can you say how he did it?”
  24. My mother said to me, “Let the guests come in.”
  25. The orator said to us, “Will you lend me your ears?”
  26. I will say to him, “One and one make eleven.”

We hope the given RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Direct and Indirect Speech, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice

July 5, 2026 by Fazal Leave a Comment

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 10
Subject English
Chapter English Grammar
Chapter Name Active and Passive Voice
Number of Questions Solved 21
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice

Active and Passive Voice
( कर्तृ एवं कर्मवाच्य)

नीचे दिए गए वाक्यों को ध्यान से पढ़िए

  • Hari killed a cobra.
  • A cobra was killed by Hari.

पहले वाक्य में Subject – Hari है। इसने a cobra (एक नाग) को मारने का कार्य किया, जबकि दूसरे वाक्य में Subject -A cobra है। इसने कोई कार्य नहीं किया, बल्कि यह कार्य से प्रभावित हुआ और खुद ही मर गया। पहला वाक्य Active Voice में है और दूसरा वाक्य Passive Voice में। Active Voice में Subject महत्वपूर्ण होता है, जबकि Passive Voice में Verb महत्वपूर्ण होता है। इस प्रकार Voice दो प्रकार के होते हैं

  1. Active Voice
  2. Passive Voice

Use of Active and Passive Voice
(Active और Passive voice के प्रयोग)

Active Voice

  • जब वाक्य में verb (क्रिया) द्वारा Subject (कर्ता) को प्रधानता दी जाती है। तात्पर्य यह है कि वाक्य में Subject
    स्वयं कार्य को करे। जैसे
    (i) I write.
    (ii) Birds fly in the sky.
  • वाक्य में जब Subject (कर्ता) कोई universal truth से संबंधित हो। जैसे
    (i) The sun rises in the east.
    (ii) The winter season has set in.
  • मन की भावनाओं को व्यक्त करने के उद्देश्य से। ये वाक्य Active Voice में अच्छे लगते हैं। जैसे
    (i) I wish you a happy new year.
    (ii) I cried at Sarita.
  • साधारण Conversation (बोल-चाल) की भाषा में प्रायः Active Voice का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे
    (i) I go to the market.
    (ii) Ravi is coming back from school.

Passive Voice

  • वाक्य में जब Object (कर्म) अर्थात् कार्य करने वाले को प्रधानता दी जाए। जैसे
    (i) Active : He has stolen my pencil.
    Passive : My pencil has been stolen by him.
    (ii) Active : You wrote a good letter.
    Passive : A good letter was written by you.
  • कर्ता की सही जानकारी के अभाव में वाक्य को पूर्ण करने के उद्देश्य से। जैसे
    (i) I was stopped at the check post.
    (ii) My friend was not allowed to enter the gate.
  • Active Voice के वाक्य में प्रयुक्त Subject one, somebody, nobody आदि के संदर्भ में। जैसे
    (i) Active : Somebody can quickly do it.
    Passive : It can be quickly done.
    (ii) Active : One can easily do this work.
    Passive : This work can be easily done.
    (iii) Active : Nobody can do it.
    Passive : It cannot be done.
  • जब किए गए कार्य को प्रधानता दी जाए अर्थात हमारी रुचि कार्य में हो। जैसे
    (i) Active : The government will open a school in this area.
    Passive : A school will be opened in this area.
    (ii) Active : The dispensary will distribute new medicines in this village.
    Passive : New medicines will be distributed in this village.
    (नोटः उपर्युक्त दोनों वाक्य Passive Voice में अच्छे लगते हैं।)
  • Research और विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में Passive Voice के वाक्य प्रयोग किए जाते हैं।जैसे
    (i) A new medicine is invented to fight dengue.
    (ii) Science laboratories are established everywhere.
  • किसी घटना की Reporting के संदर्भ में प्राय: Passive Voice का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
    (i) The prisoner is sent to jail.
    (ii) The book was completed and published.
  • E-mail लेखन के उददेश्य से Passive Voice on को अधिक उपयुक्त समझा जाता है।जैसे
    (i) Your mail is received.
    (ii) Your complaint is lodged.
    (iii) Your act is regretted.
    (iv) You are pardoned.

Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलना

  1. सर्वप्रथम दिए गऐ वाक्य में, Subject, Verb व Object को underline कर लें।
  2. Subject का Object बनाएाँ व Object का Subject बनाएाँ| इसके लिए ,यदि आवश्यक हो ता रूप परिवर्तन करें, Subject की जगह Object व Object की जगह Subject को रख देते हैं।यह रूप परिवर्तन निम्न प्रकार होता है।
    I-me, We-us, She-her, He-him, They-them, It-it और You-you.
  3. यदि वाक्य में दो Object at हो तो आमतौर से Indirect Object को ही Subject के रूप में प्रयोग में लाते हैं। वैसे Direct Object को भी Subject बनाकर Passive voice बनाया जा सकता है। जैसे
    The teacher taught them Sanskrit.
    They were taught Sanskrit by the teacher.
    Sanskrit was taught them by the teacher.
  4. Active Voice से Passive Voice बनाते समय Verb की IIIrd form प्रयोग में ली जाती है व इसके पहले Tense के अनुसार be की form लगाते हैं।
  5. Be की form निम्न हैं :
    (i) Present Indefinite Tense में is/am/are
    (ii) Present Continuous Tense में is/am/are + being
    (iii) Present Perfect Tense में has/have + been
    (iv) Past Indefinite Tense में was/were
    (v) Past Continuous Tense में was/were + being
    (vi) Past Perfect Tense में had + been
    (vii) Future Indefinite Tense में will be/shall be/may be/can be/would be/should be/ might be/could be/must be या let be.
    (vii) Future Perfect Tense में will have been/shall have been/may have been/would have been/ should have been/might have been या must have been.
  6. Passive Voice में Object के पहले by लगाते हैं। यदि Subject अनिश्चित है जैसे someone, somebody, nobody, they, people आदि तो वाक्य को Passive Voice में बदलने पर इसे लिखते नहीं। अतः by का प्रयोग भी नहीं होता।
  7. Continuous Tense में उपर्युक्त दी गई be की form के आगे being + Verb की IIIrd form लगाते हैं।
  8.  केवल सकर्मक क्रिया (transitive verb) का passive बनता है; जैसे-eat, see, read, write, drink,teach आदि
  9. अकर्मक क्रिया (Intransitive Verb) का Passive नही बनता है; जैसे-stand, sit, weep, go, come, sleep, laugh आदि
  10. तीनों Perfect Continuous व Future Continuous Tense का Passive नहीं बनता अर्थात् has been, have been, had been, will have been, shall have been, may have been it will be या shall be + Verb + -ing वाले वाक्यों का Passive नहीं बनता।
  11. Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलते समय Qualifying Words उस शब्द के साथ बने रहते हैं,जिसे वह Qualify करते हैं।
  12. यदि कर्ता (subject) महत्वपूर्ण न हो या ज्ञात न हो तो उसे Passive Voice में लिख नहीं करते e.g
    English is spoken all over the world (by people).
    My pocket has been picked (by someone).
    उपर्युक्त वाक्यों में ब्रेकिट में लिखे गए by people व by someone अच्छे नहीं लगते और meaningless है, अतः इन्हें लिखा नहीं जाता।
  13. यदि Verb के साथ Active Voice में कोई Preposition लगा हो तो Passive Voice में भी वह लगा रहेगा।
    Ramesh made fun of the lame man.
    The lame man was made fun of by Ramesh.
    Sarita brought up an orphan.
    An ohphan was brought up by Sarita.
  14. Active Voice में who से शुरू होने वाले प्रश्न Passive Voice में By whom से शुरू होते हैं।
    Who has beaten the baby?
    By whom has the baby been beaten?

याद रखें-
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice image 1

Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

Simple Present Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार is, am, are सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + am/ is/ are + V3 (past participle) + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : The barber cuts hair.
    Passive : Hair is cut by the barber.
  • Active : Chanda reads adventurous stories.
    Passive : Adventurous stories are read by Chanda.
  • Active : The postman delivers letters.
    Passive : Letters are delivered by the postman.
  • Active : I obtain first position every year.
    Passive : First position is obtained by me every year.
  • Active : Children like sweets.
    Passive : Sweets are liked by children.

Present Continuous
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार is, being, am being ,are being सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + am/ is/ are + being + V2 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : The gardener is watering plants.
    Passive : Plants are being watered by the gardener.
  • Active : They are distributing sweets among children.
    Passive : Sweets are being distributed among children by them.
  • Active : She is writing a letter.
    Passive : A letter is being written by her.
  • Active : Shambhu and Rajat are playing badminton.
    Passive : Badminton is being played by Shambhu and Rajat.
  • Active : I am watching a movie.
    Passive : A movie is being watched by me.

Present Perfect Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार has been, have been सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + has/ have) + been + V3 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : They have washed the clothes.
    Passive : clothes have been washed by them.
  • Active : Sonam has written a letter.
    Passive : A letter has been written by Sonam.
  • Active : The police arrested the thief.
    Passive : The thief has been arrested by the police.
  • Active : You have not finished the lesson.
    Passive : The lesson has not been finished by you.
  • Active : The cat has killed the mouse.
    Passive : The mouse has been killed by the cat.
  • Active : The farmer has ploughed the field.
    Passive : The field has been ploughed by the farmer.
  • Active : Sweepers have cleaned the road.
    Passive : The road has been cleaned by sweepers.
  • Active : Boys have done the wrong.
    Passive : The wrong has been done by boys.
  • Active : Diya has sung a song.
    Passive : A song has been sung by Diya.
  • Active : I have completed it.
    Passive : It has been completed by me.

Past Tense (भूत काल)

Simple Past Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार was, were सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + was/ were + V3 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : Ramesh threw the ball.
    Passive : The ball was thrown by Ramesh.
  • Active : Children caught a kite.
    Passive : A kite was caught by children.
  • Active : The young man killed a snake.
    Passive : A snake was killed by the young man.
  • Active : They learnt the lesson.
    Passive : The lesson was learnt by them.
  • Active : I bought an envelope.
    Passive : An envelope was bought by me.

Past Continuous Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार was, were सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के बाद being लगाकर मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + was/ were + being + V3 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : The man was cleaning the street.
    Passive : The street was being cleaned by the man.
  • Active : Raman was teaching English.
    Passive : English was being taught by Raman.
  • Active : Girls were singing religious songs.
    Passive : Religious songs were being sung by girls.
  • Active : Boys were painting the door.
    Passive : The door was being painted by boys.
  • Active : The carpenter was making chairs.
    Passive : Chairs were being made by the carpenter.

Past Perfect Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार had been सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + had + been + V3 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : Tom had painted the door.
    Passive : The door had been painted by Tom.
  • Active : I had written an article.
    Passive : An article had been written by me.
  • Active : Sonu had repeated the mistake.
    Passive : The mistake had been repeated by Sonu.
  • Active : The man had drunk tea.
    Passive : Tea had been drunk by the man.
  • Active : I had cooked food.
    Passive : Food had been cooked by me.

Future Tense (भविष्यत् काल)

Simple Future Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार shall be/ will be सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs) के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + will/ shall + be + V3 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : My mother will forgive me.
    Passive : I will be forgiven by my mother.
  • Active : The teacher will help me.
    Passive : I will be helped by the teacher.
  • Active : My friend will buy a scooter.
    Passive : A scooter will be bought by my friend.
  • Active : I will draw beautiful pictures.
    Passive : Beautiful pictures will be drawn by me.
  • Active : They will help the poor man.
    Passive : The poor man will be helped by them.
  • Active : My brother will write a story.
    Passive : A story will be written by my brother.

Future Perfect Tense
इस Tense में Subject के अनुसार shall have been / will have been सहायक क्रियाओं (Helping Verbs)के साथ मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) की IIIrd Form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।जैसे
Structure: Sub + will/ shall + have + been + V3 + by + object
Examples:

  • Active : Shilpa will have done the homework.
    Passive : The homework will have been done by Shilpa.
  • Active : The cobbler will have mend the shoes.
    Passive : The shoes will have been mended by the cobbler.
  • Active : Ram will have finished this work.
    Passive : This work will have been finished by Ram.
  • Active : The police will have caught the thief.
    Passive : The thief will have been caught by the police.
  • Active : My father will have repaired the house.
    Passive : The house will have been repaired by my father

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice image 3

Exercise For Practice

Change the following sentences into Passive Voice

1. She eats vegetarian food daily.
2. He can teach Hindi well.
3. He cannot beat Hari in wrestling.
4. The farmer plants trees in the morning.
5. Harish takes breakfast in the morning.
6. Boys fired crackers at night.
7. The family was taking meal in the morning.
8. They are compiling a dictionary
9. The General ordered the Corporal to stand up.
10. We should help the needy.
11. Hema knows Dharmendra well.

Imperative Sentences

जिन वाक्यों में आज्ञा (order), प्रार्थना (request), सलाह (advice) या निषेध (prohibition) पाया जाए उन्हें हम Imperative Sentences कहते है।
इन वाक्यों को Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलते समय वे ही नियम काम में आते हैं, जो सामान्य वाक्यों को Active Voice से Passive Voice में बदलते समय काम में आते हैं। अंतर केवल इतना है कि इनमें Let या Should का प्रयोग करके भी Passive बनाया जा सकता है।

  1. इनमें एक विशेष वाक्य-रचना (word-order) रहती है जो निम्न प्रकार है
    Structure:
    (i) Let + Subject + be + Verb on IIIrd form + by Object.
    (ii) Subject + should be + Verb की IIIrd form + by Object.
    (iii) Your are ordered / advised / requested to + ……
    यह नोट करें कि by को लिखना आवश्यक नहीं हैं। यदि Object को लिखना अत्यावश्यक हो तभी by Object का प्रयोग करें।
  2. इस प्रकार के वाक्यों में Active Voice में हमेशा ही Subject – You रहता है, जिसे आमतौर से लिखा नहीं जाता, लेकिन Passive Voice में यह कभी-कभी लिखा जाता है।
  3. इन वाक्यों में Active Voice में हमेशा ही Verb की Ist form आती है जो Passive Voice में बदलने पर नियमानुसार be + Verb की IIIrd form हो जाती है।
  4. इस प्रकार में वाक्यों में हिंदी में Verb वाक्य के अंत में लिखा जाता है, जबकि English में वाक्य Verb से आरंभ होता है।
  5. यदि Adverbs जैसे please, kindly, always या never आदि वाक्य में प्रयुक्त हों तो उन्हें आमतौर से Verb से पहले लिखते हैं।
  6. Please या Kindly से आरंभ होने वाले वाक्यों का Passive – You are requested to से आरंभ करके भी बनाया जाता है।

Examples:

  • Active : Open the window.
    Passive : Let the window be opened.
  • Active : Switch off the bulb.
    Passive : Let the bulb be switched off.
  • Active : Help the needy.
    Passive : The needy should be helped.
  • Active : Kindly solve this problem.
    Passive : You are requested to solve this problem.
  • Active : Please give me a pencil.
    Passive : You are requested to give me a pencil.

Verbs with Two Objects (Two Objects के साथ Verbs)
जब Active Voice में Verbs के दो Objects हों तो एक Object को Subject में बदल दिया जाता है और दूसरे Object को अपनी पूर्व स्थिति में छोड़ दिया जाता है, लेकिन इस Object के साथ उचित Preposition का प्रयोग होगा।

Examples:

  • Active : The man taught him a lesson.
    Passive : A lesson was taught to him by the man.
    Or
    He was taught a lesson by the man.
  • Active : He gave me a good advice.
    Passive : I was given a good advice by him.
    Or
    A good advice was given to me by him.
  • Active : The Principal gave me a prize.
    Passive : A prize was given to me by the Principal.
    Or
    I was given a prize by the Principal.
  • Active : The teacher told us an interesting story.
    Passive : An interesting story was told us by the teacher.
    Or
    We were told an interesting story by the teacher.
  • Active : Mrs. Saha teaches her English.
    Passive : English is taught to her by Mrs. Saha.
    Or
    She is taught English by Mrs. Saha.

Interrogative Sentences

Interrogative Sentences का Passive Voice प्राय: Interrogative Sentences ही होता है। इसके Passive Voice में Question Word के बाद उपयुक्त Helping Verb लगाकर Verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Examples:

  • Active : Why did you beat him?
    Passive : Why was he beaten by you?
  • Active : Which boy scolded you?
    Passive : By which boy were you scolded?
  • Active : What do children do in the field?
    Passive : What is done by children in the field?
  • Active : Who wrote this letter?
    Passive : By whom was this letter written?
  • Active : Have you closed the window?
    Passive : Has the window been closed by you?

Sentences Starting with Wh-/Ho- Question Words
Wh-/Ho शब्दों से प्रारंभ होने वाले वाक्य
इन वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलते समय Question के बाद उचित Helping Verb लगाकर Verb की IIIrd form का प्रयोग किया जाता है। who के लिए by whom का प्रयोग किया जाता है।

Examples:

  • Active : Who broke this chair?
    Passive : By whom was this chair broken?
  • Active : Why are you beating him?
    Passive : Why is he being beaten by you?
  • Active : Whom did you help?
    Passive : Who was helped by you?
  • Active : Which book did you buy?
    Passive : Which book was bought by you?
  • Active : Where do you put your pen?
    Passive : Where was your pen put by you?
  • Active : How much water can you drink?
    Passive : How much water can be drunk by you?

Negative Sentences

Negative Sentences के Passive Voice में do या did का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है। Present Indefinite Tense में is, am, are को verb के पहले रखा जाता है और मुख्य क्रिया (Main Verb) को Subject के बाद रखा जाता है। इसी प्रकार Past Indefinite Tense में was/were को Subject के आगे रखा जाता है।

Examples:

  • Active : I can’t lift this box.
    Passive : This box can’t be lifted by me.
  • Active : I don’t like cheese.
    Passive : Cheese is not liked by me.
  • Active : Some children didn’t play football.
    Passive : Football was not played by some children.
  • Active : I didn’t hug the little boy.
    Passive : The little boy was not hugged by me.
  • Active : Rajat doesn’t read stories.
    Passive : Stories are not read by Rajat.

Modals

Active Voice के कुछ Sentences में Modals का प्रयोग होता है। Modals के बाद Verb की First form का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ऐसे वाक्यों को Passive Voice में बदलते समय Modals के बाद be का प्रयोग कर Verb IIIrd form का प्रयोग होता है।

Examples:

  • Active : My friend will help you.
    Passive : You will be helped by my friend.
  • Active : We must read newspaper daily.
    Passive : Newspapers must be read daily by us.
  • Active : Our team can win the match.
    Passive : The match can be won by our team.
  • Active : Our class teacher may permit him to go home.
    Passive : He may be permitted to go home by our class teacher.
  • Active : Mr Mishra should read this letter.
    Passive : This letter should be read by Mr. Mishra.

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Change the voice from Active to Passive:

  1. Pappu laughed at me.
  2. Please give me your dictionary.
  3. My uncle gave me a beautiful wrist watch.
  4. Jimmy will have drawn the map.
  5. They were playing volleyball.
  6. Children have finished the work.
  7. Switch off the fan.
  8. Some children don’t like spicy foods.
  9. Columbus discovered America.
  10. Who wrote the Mahabharata?
  11. The peon rings the bell.
  12. The man is digging the ground.

Answer.

  1. I was laughed at by Pappu.
  2. You are requested to give me your dictionary.
  3. I was given a beautiful wrist watch by my uncle.
  4. The map will have been drawn by Jimmy.
  5. Volleyball was being played by them.
  6. The work has been finished by children.
  7. Let the fan be switched off.
  8. Spicy foods are not liked by some children.
  9. America was discovered by Columbus.
  10. By whom was the Mahabharata written?
  11. The bell is rung by the peon.
  12. The ground is being dug by the man.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verbs given in the brackets.

  1. The picture has been …………. . (draw)
  2. Cotton is …………. in black soil. (grow)
  3. The mobile is being ………….. (repair)
  4. Malayalam is …………. in Kerala. (speak)
  5. Let this work be …………. (do)
  6. The boy was ………. for his mistake. (punish)

Answer.

  1. drawn
  2. grown
  3. repaired
  4. spoken
  5. done
  6. punished

Question 3.
Change the following sentences into Passive Voice: (Sentence Transformation)

  1. Our family visited the exhibition yesterday.
  2. What is the writer doing?
  3. The Principal punished the naughty boys.
  4. Will Sanju not help Manju?
  5. Who wrote this answer?
  6. Two policemen caught a thief.
  7. We should not tease the poor.
  8. Students are taking exercise in the open air.
  9. The tailor stitched pants for them.
  10. Who teaches you Psychology?
  11. Have you polished your shoes?

Answer.

  1. The exhibition was visited yesterday by our family.
  2. What is being done by the writer?
  3. The naughty boys were punished by the Principal.
  4. Will Manju not be helped by Sanju?
  5. By whom was this answer written?
  6. A thief was caught by two policemen.
  7. The poor should not be teased by us.
  8. Exercise is being taken in the open air by students.
  9. Pants were stitched for them by the tailor.
  10. By whom are you taught Psychology?
  11. Have your shoes been polished by you?

Question 4.
Change the following sentences into Passive Voice:

  1. Dr. Kaushal is diagnosing the patient.
  2. Someone has stolen my ornaments.
  3. The mechanic has repaired the watch.
  4. He had developed a good personality.
  5. Who has beaten the little dog?
  6. The cobbler mended our shoes.
  7. When did you take bath?
  8. Why did he punish you?
  9. We bring cloth form the draper.
  10. Pandit Surya Kant teaches us Hindi.
  11. Daniel killed the scorpion with a stone.

Answer.

  1. The patient is being diagnosed by Dr. Kaushal.
  2. My ornaments have been stolen.
  3. The watch has been repaired by the mechanic.
  4. A good personality has been developed by him.
  5. By whom has the little dog been beaten?
  6. Our shoes were mended by the cobbler.
  7. When was bath taken by you?
  8. Why were you punished by him?
  9. Cloth is brought from the draper (by us).
  10. We are taught Hindi by Pandit Surya Kant.
  11. The scorpion was killed with a stone by Daniel.

Board Questions Solved

Gap Filling
Question 1.
Complete the following sentences by choosing correct passive forms of the verbs given:

  1. The thief………………. yesterday and was poisoned.
    (a) is caught
    (b) is being caught
    (c) was caught
    (d) has been caught
  2. Honesty ……… the best policy even today.
    (a) is considered
    (b) has been considered
    (c) was considered
    (d) was being considered

Answer.

  1. (c) was caught
  2. (a) is considered

Question 2.
Complete the following sentences by choosing correct passive forms of the verbs given:

  1. The merit holder students …….. by the Board last month.
    (a) is awarded
    (b) was awarded
    (c) are awarded
    (d) were awarded
  2. Many books…………………… by the city library every year.
    (a) is bought
    (b) are bought
    (c) was bought
    (d) were bought

Answer.

  1. (d) were awarded
  2. (b) are bought

Question 3.
Complete the following sentences by choosing correct passive forms of the verbs given:

  1. A set of this new furniture ………………….. to our office by Mewar Furniture last year.
    (a) is supplied
    (b) was supplied
    (c) were supplied
    (d) are supplied
  2. The daily newspaper The Rajasthan Ujala ………………….. in our town even now.
    (a) was published
    (b) will be published
    (c) were published
    (d) is published

Answer.

  1. (b) was supplied
  2. (d) is published

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences by choosing correct passive forms of the verbs given:

  1. Ramayana ………………….. by Tulsidas.
    (a) are written
    (b) was written
    (c) will be written
    (d) was been written
  2. The sale of tickets for the show …… from next week.
    (a) is started
    (b) are started
    (c) will start
    (d) was started

Answer.

  1. (b) was written
  2. (a) is started

Question 5.
Complete the following sentences by choosing correct passive forms of the verbs given:

  1. Every year a grand fair . ………………. in Pushkar in the month of Kartik.
    (a) are held
    (b) is held
    (c) will be held
    (d) was held
  2. A number of horses, camels and other cattle …………. to sell in this fair.
    (a) is brought
    (b) will be brought
    (c) are brought
    (d) was brought

Answer.

  1. (b) is held
  2. (c) are brought

Question 6.
Complete the following sentences by choosing correct passive forms of the verbs given:

  1. He stole his neighbor’s gold so he ….
    (a) was arrested
    (b) will be arrested
    (c) is being arrested
    (d) is arrested
  2. I know that he …………………… to Canada for higher education next year.
    (a) is sent
    (b) is being sent
    (c) will be sent
    (d) was sent

Answer.

  1. (a) was arrested
  2. (c) will be sent

Question 7.
Complete the following passage by choosing correct passive form of the verbs given in the brackets form the alternatives given below the passages:
When we went to visit the factory, we …….. (1) ………………… (provide) with a map showing us where each building was. We …….. (2) ………… (take) round the factor by a guide.

  1. (a) are provided
    (b) were provided
    (c) will be provided
    (d) have been provided
  2. (a) were taken
    (b) was taken
    (c) are taken
    (d) have been taken

Answer.

  1. (b) were provided
  2. (a) were taken

Sentence Re-Ordering

Re-arrange the following words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.

Question 1.
exercise/let/daily/be/taken
Answer.
Let exercise be taken daily.

Question 2.
a map of India/ordered/you/to draw/are
Answer.
You are ordered to draw a map of India.

Question 3.
you/taught/Hindi/by whom/are/?
Answer.
By whom are you taught Hindi?

Question 4.
By somebody/ for him/it/was done
Answer.
It was done for him by somebody.

Question 5.
be shut/windows/should/the
Answer.
The windows should be shut.

Question 6.
M.L.A. / elected/was/he
Answer.
He was elected M.L.A.

Question 7.
hungry/be/fed/should/the
Answer.
The hungry should be fed.

Question 8.
should be carefully/read/this passage
Answer.
This passage should be read carefully.

Question 9.
yesterday/taken away/my scooter/was
Answer.
My scooter was taken away yesterday.

Question 10.
to write/you are/on ‘good manners’ ordered/an essay
Answer.
You are ordered to write an essay on ‘good manners’.

Exercise For Practice

Question 1.
Change the voice from Active to Passive:

  1. They should not ignore the traffic light.
  2. Ruchi is learning the lesson.
  3. How did you prepare tea?
  4. I have washed the clothes.
  5. The chief guest gave me the trophy.
  6. Why do we buy junk foods?
  7. They had bought the slippers.
  8. Rehan saved the duck.

Question 2.
Fill in the blanks with the correct passive form of the verbs given in the brackets.

  1. The window was …………… (break)
  2. He is ………………….. to the post of manager. (appoint)
  3. The thief has been ………………. (arrest)
  4. This article was ……….. by me. (write)

Question 3.
Change the voice from Active to Passive:

  1. The mischief maker will be punished by the teacher.
  2. By whom will you be taught voice?
  3. I was kissed on the head by my father.
  4. Good manners must be learnt.
  5. Cricket is played even in small villages.

Question 4.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the correct passive forms:

  1. The medals ………………… by the players
    (a) will have been
    (b) have won
    (c) is won
    (d) has won
  2. The result …………………. by them.
    (a) have announced
    (b) has announced
    (c) will announced
    (d) has been announced

We hope the given RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Active and Passive Voice, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses

July 5, 2026 by Fazal Leave a Comment

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses 1

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 10
Subject English
Chapter English Grammar
Chapter Name Clauses
Number of Questions Solved 19
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses

Clauses ( उपवाक्य )

A clause is a group of words having a subject and a verb of its own, but it forms part of a sentence. A clause has no independent existence.
उपवाक्य (clause) ऐसे शब्दों का समूह होता है जो किसी पूर्ण वाक्य का अंश होता है और जिसका अपना अलग subject तथा predicate होता है। इसका कोई स्वंतत्र अस्तित्व नहीं होता है। जैसे,
(i) The fact is that India was a prosperous country.
(ii) He has a ring which is made of gold.
(iii) He came when the sun set.

  • इस वाक्य में that India was a prosperous country एक Clause है। यहाँ यह complement की तरह प्रयोग किया गया है। क्योंकि यह एक Noun का कार्य करता है, इसलिए यह Noun Clause है।
  • इस वाक्य में which is made of gold ,एक clause है। इससे अंगूठी की जानकारी प्राप्त होती है। अत: यह Adjective Clause है।
  • इस वाक्य में when the sun set एक Clause है। इसका अपना Subject – the sun एवं predicate – set है। लेकिन वाक्य में यहाँ Adverb का कार्य करता है। अत: यह Adverb Clause है।

इस प्रकार clause तीन प्रकार के होते हैं-
(a) Noun clause,
(b) Adjective clause,
(c) Adverb clause.

किसी complex sentence में एक Principal Clause तथा एक या एक से अधिक Subordinate Clause होते हैं। इसके साथ ही Principal Clause में Complex Sentence किसी Main Verb (मुख्य क्रिया) और Main Subject की तरह कार्य करते हैं। मुख्य रूप से किसी Complex Sentence में Subordinate Clause/ Clauses, Principal Clause पर आश्रित होकर पूरे वाक्य (Sentence) में किसी Noun, Adjective या Adverb की तरह कार्य करते हैं।
इस प्रकार Subordinate Clause को निम्न प्रकार से भी विभाजित किया जा सकता है:

  1. Noun clause
  2. Adjective clause
  3. Adverb clause

1. Noun Clause

हम जान चुके हैं कि Noun Clause वाक्य में Noun का कार्य करता है अर्थात वाक्य में Noun Clause का प्रयोग Noun के स्थान पर किया जाता है।
Noun Clause निम्नलिखित Connectives के साथ प्रारंभ होते हैं।

  • Pronouns: What, which, who, whom, whose.
  • Adverbs: When, where, why, how.
  • Conjunctions: If, that, whether.

जैसे,

  1. You can see what we have done.
    I don’t know which book he has bought.
    Can you tell me who had done it?
    I can say whom I should believe.
    Do you know whose car it is?
  2. I can’t tell you when he will come.
    I don’t know where he has gone.
    Please tell me why he is always late.
    Does anyone know how it has happened?
  3. I wonder if the weather is going to be all right.
    I can tell you that he is a good boy
    She asked whether the train will leave on time.

Function of the Noun Clause ( Noun Clause के कार्य)
(i) Subject to a verb ( किसी verb के Subject के रूप में)
(a) He does something. It is not known to me.
What he does is not known to me. (What से जोड़ा गया)
…………..(What/which/Why) he does is not known to me. (What – सही)
(b) He will recover soon. It is certain.
That he will recover soon is certain. (That)
………….. (That/Which/Who) he will recover soon is certain. (That)
(c) When will the train arrive? The time is uncertain.
When the train will arrive is uncertain. (When)
…………..(When/How/What) the train will arrive is uncertain. (When)
(d) He got the first class. It is the result of his hard work.
How he got the first class is the result of his hard work. (How)
………..(What/How/When) he got the first class is the result of his hard work. (How)

(ii) Object to a verb ( किसी verb के Object के रूप में)
(a) He promised. He will help me.
He promised that he would help me. (That से जोड़ा गया)
He promised ………….. (that/who/whose) he would help me. (that – सही)
(b) I can swim. I know swimming.
I know how to swim. (How)
I know …………..(what/how/whose) to swim. (how)
(c) I have no idea. She read.
I have no idea what she read. (what)
I have no idea ………….. (whose/what/which) she read. (what)
(d) I remembered him. He helped me.
I remembered who had helped me. (who)
I remembered ………….. (who/whom/where) helped me. (Who)

(iii) Object to a Preposition ( किसी Preposition के Object के रूप में))
(a) Please attend to. I say something
Please attend to what I say. (What से जोड़ा गया)
Please attend to ………….. (which/who/what) I say. (what – सही)
(b) You said something. You are sorry for it.
You are sorry for what you said. (what)
You are sorry for ………….. (whom/who/what) you said. (what)
(c) He says something. There is truth in it.
There is truth in what he says. (what)
There is truth in ………….. (who/where/what) he says. (what)

(iv) Object to an Infinitive (किसी Infinitive के Object के रूप में )
(a) I am glad. I hear that you have passed.
I am glad to hear that you have passed. (that से जोड़ा गया)
I am glad to hear ………….. (where/what/that) you have passed. (that – सही)
(b) I was shocked. I heard that she had lost her father.
I was shocked to hear that she had lost her father. (that)
I was shocked to hear …………. (that/which/whose) she had lost her father. (that)

(v) In Apposition to a Noun or pronoun ( Noun या Pronoun के Apposition के रूप में )
(a) The news is that you have passed. It is very interesting.
The news that you have passed is very interesting. (That से जोड़ा गया)
The news ………. (where/who/that) you have passed is very interesting. (that – सही)
(b) It is strange. You said it.
It is strange that you said it. (That)
It is strange ………….. (who/ that/which) you said it. (that)
(c) He has passed the examination. It is true.
It is true that he has passed the examination (That)
it is true ………….. (where/whom/that) he has passed the examination. (that)

ध्यान दें: Noun Clause और वह Noun या Pronoun जिसके साथ वह Noun Clause Apposition में होता
है, दोनों समान होते हैं |उपर्युकत वाक्य में, जैसे,
The news that you have passed is very interesting.
The news और that you have passed एक समान अर्थ रखते हैं।
निम्नलिखित Adjectives जैसे, sure, afraid, annoyed, aware, amused, certain, delighted, confident, determined, glad, sad, happy, horrified, pleased, proud, surprised आदि के बाद that clause का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसे

  1. I am confident. He will get good marks.
    I am confident that he will get good marks. (that – clause)
    I am confident ………….. (where/who/that) he will get good marks. (that – सही)
  2. Father is pleased. Aman will do good in his life.
    Father is pleased that Aman will do good in his life. (that – clause)
    Father is pleased ……………(that/where/who) Aman will do good in his life. (that)
  3. Ravi is surprised. Father is at home.
    Ravi is surprised that father is at home. (that – clause)
    Ravi is surprised ……………(that/who/which) father is at home. (that)
  4. The boys are horrified. A monkey is in their classroom.
    The boys are horrified that a monkey is in their classroom. (that – clause)
    The boys are horrified ………….. (where/who/that) a monkey is in their classroom. (that)

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most suitable word given in the bracket.

  1. ………….. (Who/Which/That) he will stand first is sure.
  2.  ………….. (Which/Who/What) you said surprised me.
  3. Have you decided ………….. (who/that/where) you will go for your holidays?
  4. This is ………….. (where/here/which) she works.
  5. There is no complaint except ………….. (who/which/that) you often come late.
  6. I am not sure …………..(which/where/how)he has gone.
  7. She wants to know ………….. (what/who/which) is going on there.
  8. Thinking ………….. (that/which/who) he would die, they took him to a hospital.
  9. No one is aware of …………..(which/how/which) he has opened the lock.
  10. She denied ……………(who/that/which) she had written the letter.

Answers.

  1. That,
  2. What,
  3. where,
  4. where,
  5. that,
  6. where,
  7. what,
  8. that,
  9. how,
  10. that

Question 2.
Combine the following sentences by using a noun clause.

  1. You said something. it is true.
  2. When will the bus arrive? The time is uncertain.
  3. I was wrong, the teacher told me this.
  4. You are repentant. I will not forget it.
  5. He had written something. I found him revising it.
  6. You won a scholarship. I am happy to learn it.
  7. He will improve. This is our hope.
  8. You will pass. I am confident.
  9. I said something. I am happy for it.
  10. He has been telling a lie. It is quite clear.

Answers.

  1. What you said is true.
  2. When the bus will arrive is uncertain.
  3. The teacher told me that I was wrong.
  4. I will not forget that you are repentant.
  5. I found him revising what he had written.
  6. I am happy to learn that you won a scholarship.
  7. Our hope is that he will improve.
  8. I am confident that you will pass.
  9. I am happy for what I said.
  10. It is quit clear that he has been telling a lie.

Exercise For Practice

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most suitable word given in the bracket.

  1. It is certain … (that/whose/why) you will be late.
  2. I cannot say … (what/whether/where) he may be guilty.
  3. The teacher told me … (who/where/that) I was right.
  4. I am sure … (who/whose/that) he is the culprit.
  5. It is certain …(it/that/whether) my brother shall stand first in the examination.

Question 2.
Combine the following sentences by using a noun clause.

  1. He will not come in time. I am quite sure.
  2. The patient will soon recover. The doctor said so.
  3. I am giving to my friend’s place. Everybody knows this.
  4. I was delighted. I heard about my brother’s safe arrival.
  5. Will you help me in this case? I want to know this.

2. Adverb Clause of Condition
(शर्तसूचक क्रिया-विशेषण उपवाक्य)

Adverb clause of condition वाक्य if, unless, whether जैसे शब्दों से प्रारंभ होते हैं। इन शब्दों को वाक्य में principal clause के बाद भी रखा जा सकता है; जैसे

  • If you run fast, you will catch the train.
    या
    You will catch the train if you run fast.
  • Unless you work hard. You will not pass.
    या
    You will not pass unless you work hard.
  • Whether he will come early or late, it depend upon you.
    या
    It depends upon you whether he will come early or late.

RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses 1
(a) If it rains, I will go indoors.
(b) If you request me, I shall help you.
(c) You can take mine if you need a pen.
(d) You must work harder if you want to get good marks.
(e) You will be a good boy if you help others.
सामान्यत: Main clause का स्वरूप: shall/will/may/can/must & first form of the verb.
जैसे
If you work hard, you will pass.
(a) If you work hard — if clause/ conditional clause/subordinate clause.
(b) You will pass — main clause with will.

(ii) एक समान परिणाम से संबंधित शर्त की स्थिति में If clause में Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है। ऐसी स्थिति में Main Clause या Principal Clause में भी Simple Present Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है| जैसे –
(a) If the engine gets too hot, it starts to smoke.
(b) If you heat ice, it melts.
(c) If you boil water, it evaporates.
(d) If you beat a child, he weeps.
(e) If you listen to old songs, you feel pleasure.

(iii) यदि किसी Conditional Clause का संबंध वर्तमान यदा भविष्य के unlikely (असंभाव्या) या improbable (असंभावित) शर्त स्थिति से हो तो Conditional Clause/Subordinate Clause में Simple Past Tense/Past Indefinite Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है। साथ ही Main Clause/Principle Clause मे should, could, might, would, etc. + the first form of the verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है| जैसे –
(a) If you ran fast, you might catch the train.
(b) If I won a lottery, I would buy a car.
(c) I would tell you if I know the answer.
(d) If a thief entered your house, what would you do?
(e) if I were rich, I would open a school for the poor.

(iv) यदि किसी Conditional Clause का संबंध भूतकाल की ऐसी घटना से हो जो घटित न हुई हो ,तो Conditional Clause/Subordinate Clause के साथ Past Tense का प्रयोग किया जाता है। साथ a Main Clause/Principal Clause के साथ would have/should have/could have/might have + third form of the verb का प्रयोग किया जाता है| जैसे –
(a) If she had worked hard, she could have passed
[i.e. She didn’t work hard, so she didn’t pass]
(b) If he had left early, he might have caught the train.
(c) If he had informed me, I would have received him at the railway station.
परंतु जब Main Clause/Principal Clause का संबंध वर्तमान काल से हो, तो बिना have के would, could, might, etc. का प्रयोग किया जाता है| जैसे If you had followed my advice, we would be home by now.

(v) यदि किसी Conditional Clause का संबंध भविष्य की किसी for a fan of unlikely (असंभाव्या) शर्त स्थिति से है तो Simple Past Tense/Past Indefinite Tense के स्थान पर कभी-कभी ‘were to’ या should के साथ Infinitive का प्रयोग किया जाता है| जैसे –
(a) If you should meet him, tell him to come here.
(b) If she were to die before you, who would look after your children.
(c) If you should need any help, ring me up.

(vi) Present या Future समय के संदर्भ में wish (इच्छा) व्यक्त करने के उद्देश्य से If only’ का प्रयोग किया जाता है| जैसे –
(a) If only I were rich.
(b) If only I could swim.
(c) If only I knew her name

(vii) भूतकाल में घटित किसी अन्य घटना के संदर्भ में wish (इच्छा) व्यक्त करने के उददेश्य से भी ‘If only’ का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसै
(a) If only I had remembered to post that letter.
(b) If only I had met her.
(c) If only he had spoken the truth.

Some other ways of expressing conditions
(viii) Interrogative sentences to के माध्यम से -जैसे-
(a) Have you finished your homework? Then you may go out to play.
[If you have finished your homework, you may go out to play]
(b) Will she go to Delhi? Then she will meet my mother.
[If she goes to Delhi, she will meet my mother.]
(c) Do you play cricket? Then you can join our team.
[If you play cricket, you can join our team.]

(ix) Unless के माध्य से। इस का अर्थ है – If ………….. not. Unless से प्रारंभ होने वाले Clause में not
का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है Main Clause में not का प्रयोग किया जाता है। जैसै
(a) Unless you are kind, he will not help you.
[If you are not kind, he will not help you.]
(b) Unless you get up early, you will not catch the train.
[If you do not get up early, you will not catch the train.]

(x) Once के माध्यम से
(a) One you drink this juice, you will like it.
[If you drink this juice, you will like it.]
(b)Once we do hard work, we shall develop a taste for it.
[Once we do hard work, we shall develop a taste for it.]

(xi) Had, on condition that, provided that, supposing that, so long as, as long as, etc.
शब्दों का प्रयोग प्राय: Simple Adverb of Condition of को व्यक्त करने के उददेश्य से किया जाता है| जैसे
(a) Had you worked hard, you would have become first in the class.
(b) On condition that you speak the truth, I will help you.
(c) So long as you are here, you needn’t bother about anything.
(d) Supposing that you fail this time, you will do better in the next time.
(e) Provided that I read this book, I can tell a lot about the heroine.
(f) As long as my health is sound, I can play good cricket.

(xii) Even if a के माध्यम से सामान्य शर्त(Simple Condition)
(a) He did better even if he refused my suggestion.
(b) The judge did not believe the thief even if he told the truth.

(xiii) Whether – or के माध्यम से
Whether — or तथा If. …………. not में से किसी एक का प्रयोग किया जा सकता है। इस Adverb of Condition का प्रयोग दो विकल्पों में से एक विकल्प के चुनाव के उद्देश्य से किया जा सकता है। इसका उत्तर Yes’ या ‘No’ में भी दिया जा सकता हैं|जैसे
(a) I will go to Shimla. You allow me or not.
I will go to Shimla whether you allow me or not.
I will go to Shimla ………….. (if/where/whether) you allow me or not.
(b) I am going to give Rai Sir a party. You may accept it or not.
I am going to give Rai Sir a party whether you may accept it or not.
I am going to give Rai Sir a party ………….. (unless/whether/in case) you may accept or not.

(xiv) Otherwise के माध्यम से
(a) You have to work hard. Several students have failed.
You have to work hard otherwise you will fail like several students.
You have to work hard ………….. (unless/otherwise/even if) you will also fail like several students.
(b) Plant trees. We will suffer from air pollution.
Plant trees otherwise we will suffer from air pollution.
Plant trees ……….. (in case/unless/otherwise) we will suffer from air pollution.

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks choosing the most appropriate word given in the brackets.

  1. You can take money on loan…….(unless/provided that/in case) you will have to pay interest for it.
  2.  ………….. (If/Unless/Whether) he works hard, he will not get good jobs.
  3. Agriculture must be improved ………….. (as long as/if/ in case) there will be scarcity of food grains in the country.
  4. Rajasthan is the biggest state in areas ………….. (unless/in case/whether) you accept it or not.
  5. I will go for higher studies ………….. (if/whether/even if) I have problems.

Answer.

  1. provided that,
  2. Unless,
  3. otherwise,
  4. whether,
  5. even if.

Question 2.
Join the following pairs of sentences using the word/connectors given in the brackets.

  1. You are kind to others. They will love you. (If)
  2. The accused told the truth. The judge did not believe him. (Even if)
  3. The government should dig canals in Rajasthan. There is a great scarcity of water. (In case)
  4. You took regular exercises. You would have been healthy. (Had)
  5. Tell the truth or you will be punished. (unless)

Answer

  • If you are kind to others, they will love you.
  • Even if the accused told the truth, the judge did not believe him.
  • The government should dig canals in Rajasthan in case there is a great scarcity of water.
    • The government should dig canals in Rajasthan if there is a great scarcity of water.
  • Had you taken regular exercises, you would have been healthy.
    • If you had taken regular exercises, you would have been healthy.
  • Unless you tell the truth, you will be punished.
    • If you do not tell the truth, you will be punished.

3. Adverb Clause of Time
( समयसूचक क्रिया-विशेषण उपवाक्य)

Study the following sentences (निम्नलिखित वाक्यों का अध्ययन करें):
(a) When I went home, the door was locked.
(b) The patient had died before the doctor arrived.
(c) I was reading while my sister was watching T.V.
(d) As soon as I reached the school, the bell rang.
(e) I have been staying in Delhi since I left my village.

उपर्युक्त वाक्यों के अध्ययन से यह स्पष्ट है कि ये Complex Sentences हैं। इन वाक्यों के दो भाग हैं – Principal Clause और Subordinate Clause। जैसे–
When I went home, the door was locked.
The door was locked — Principal Clause.
When I went home – Subordinate Clause.
इस प्रकार, when I went home, before the doctor arrived, while my sister was watching T.V. As soon as I reached school, since I left my village, आदि Subordinate Clauses हैँ और इनसे समय व्यक्त हो रहा है। इसे Time Clause भी कहा जाता है।
अब इस sentence (वाक्य) | को ध्यान से पढ़ें| इससे Time clause को विभिन्न तरीकों से व्यक्त किया गया है|जैसे
(a) When I reached home, the door was locked.
Or
The door was locked when I reached home.
अर्थात Time Clause को Main Clause/Principal के आगे रखा जा सकता है जैसे कि वाक्य
When I reached home ………….. से रुपष्ट है| इसी प्रकार Time Clause/Subordinate Clause को Main/Principal Cause के पीछे भी रखा जा सकता है, जैसे कि वाक्य- The door was locked when I reached home से स्पष्ट है। इसके अतिरिक्त Subordinate Clause को कभी-कभी in the middle of sentences मे भी प्रयोगं किया जा सकता है|जैसे
Mr. Dev, when he was working in Full Marks Publication, developed contents for Social Science. इस वाक्य में while का अर्थ है – जब। इस वाक्य को इस प्रकार भी लिखा जा सकता है:
When Mr. Dev was working in Full Marks Publication, he developed contents for Social Science.
Or
Mr. Dev developed contents for Social Science when he was working in Full Marks Publication,

संक्षेप में:
Adverb Clause of time या Time Clause का प्रयोग

  1. Main Clause के पहले
  2. Main Clause के बाद या
  3. Sentence के बीच में किया जा सकता है।

अब तक हम जान चूके हैं कि Adverb Clause of time समय की ओर संकेत करता है। इसलिए इस Clause के साथ निम्नलिखित Subordinating Conjunctions of का प्रयोग किया जाता है।
Since, after, when, whenever, while, as soon as, just as, till, until, before, hardly/scarcely — when, no sooner, — than.

Uses (प्रयोग)
(i) Since – एक निरिचत समय से/तब से/उस समय से | इसका प्रयोग Perfect Tense संबधी उपदाक् के साथ किया जाता हैं।
(a) I have not seen her. I left the school.

  • I have not seen her since I left the school.
  • I have not seen her ………….. (since/far/when) I left the school. (since)

(b) Mr. Sharma has not taught Ravi. He left school.

  • Mr. Sharma has not taught Ravi since he left school.
  • Mr. Sharma has not taught Ravi ………….. (since/far/when) he left school. (since)

(c) Mukesh has not bought any book. He left job.

  • Mukesh has not bought any book since he left job.
  • Mukesh has not bought any book ………….. (since/when/after) he left job. (since)

(ii)(a) After – बाद में Past Tense भूतकाल में दो कार्यों में से एक कार्य के समाप्त होने पर दूसरा कार्य समाप्त हुआ हो।
(a) The patient died. The doctor came after.

  • The doctor came after the patient had died.
  • The doctor came ………….. (since/after/when) the patient had died. (after)

(b) Mahesh read the book. He returned it after.

  • Mahesh returned the book after he had read it.
  • Mahesh returned the book ………….. (since/when/after) he had read it. (after)

(iii) When – दूसरा कार्य पहले कार्य का परिणाम हो
(a) He ran fast. He got the first prize.

  • When he ran fast, he got the first prize.
  • ………….. (After/Before/When) he ran fast, he got the first prize. (When)

(b) He batted well. He made a century.

  • When he batted well, he made a century.
  • ………….. (When/After/As soon as) he batted well, he made a century. (When)
    भूतकाल में दो कार्य एक साथ घटित होना।

(c) I was reading. My mother was cooking food.

  • When I was reading, my mother was cooking food.
  • …………. (When/Since/Until) I was reading, my mother was cooking food. (When)

(d) My father was watching T.V. My little sister was sleeping.

  • When my father was watching T.V. my little sister was sleeping.
  • ………… (Since/Till/When) my father was watching T.V, my little sister was sleeping. (When)
    To express every time – हर बार के अर्थ में

(e) I read novels. I find it interesting.

  • I read novels when I find it interesting.
  • I read novels ………….. (when/since/after) I find it interesting. (when)
    Past Tense (भूतकाल) से संबंधित किसी आदत या स्थिति को व्यक्त करने के लिए।जैसे

(f) I was in class-X. I used to read story books.

  • When I was in Class-X, I used to read story books.
  • ………… (When/Before/After) I was in Class-X, I used to read story books. (When)
    Or
  • I used to read story books ………….. (when/before/after) I was in Class-X. (when)

(iv) Whenever – जब कभी। किसी विशेष स्थिति को व्यक्त करने के उददेश्य से | जैसे
(a) Sometimes you visit Delhi. You will see me.

  • Whenever you visit Delhi, you will see me.
  • …………… (After/Before/When) he ran fast, he got the first prize. (When)

(b) He batted well. He made a century.

  • When he batted well, he made a century.
  • ………….. (After/Before/Whenever) you visit Delhi, you will see me. (Whenever)

नोट: इस वाक्य को अन्य तरीके से भी व्यक्त किया जा सकता है।

(v) While —जब। जिस समय भूतकाल में दो कार्यों के साथ साथ घटित होने के संबंधा में। जैसे
(a) Ravi was reading novels. His sister solved 15 sums.

  • While Ravi was reading novels, his sister solved 15 sums.
  • …….. (Until/Till/While) Ravi was reading novels, his sister solved 15 sums. (While)

(vi) As – ठीक उसी समय। In the mean time अर्थात एक घटना के पूर्ण होने के पूर्व ही कोई दूसरी घटना प्रारंभ हो जाए।जैसे-
(a) I entered the house. The light went off.

  • As I entered the house, the light went off
  • ………….. (As/Before/Till) I entered the house the light went off. (As)
    Two events taking place at the same time at दो घटनाएं साथ साथ घटित होने पर।जैसे

(b) I was reading science, the teacher taught the class.

  • As I was reading science, the tea
  • ……… (As/Before/After) I was reading science, the teacher taught the class. (As)
    कारण व्यक्त करने के उद्देश्य से। जैसे

(c) He is a laborious boy. He stands first in the class.

  • As he is a laborious boy, he stands first in the class.
  • ………….. (When/As/Will) he is a laborious boy, he stands first in the class.

(vii) As soon as — ज्यों हीं । एक कार्य की समाप्ति पर दूसरा कार्य शीघ्र हुआ हों। जैसे
(a) My friend reached the station, the train left.

  • As soon as my friend reached the station, the train left.
  • ………….. (When/ After/As soon as) my friend reached the station the train left. (As soon as)

(viii) Just as — ठीक उसी समय। जैसें
(a) I had come back home from school. Ravi arrived.

  • Just as I had come back from school, Ravi arrived.
  • …………… (Since/Before/While) I had come back from school, Ravi arrived. (Just)

(b) Seema had finished painting. Her father called her.

  • Just as Seema had finished painting, her father called her.

(ix) Till/Until — जब तक, जब तक कि नहीं ,एक निश्चित अवस्था,स्थिति या समय तक ।जैसे
(a) I waited for her till/until she came back. (till/until)
(b) Let’s wait till/until the rain stops.

(x) Before — पहले। भूतकाल में किन्ही दो कायों में से एफ कार्य की समाप्ति पर दूसरो कार्य सपाप्ते समझा गया हो l जैसे
(a) You must have a bath before you go to school. (before)
(b) I had already taken medicine before my mother went for shopping. (before)

(xi) Hardly/Scarcely — when = जैसे ही
No sooner — than = वैसे ही
जैसे
(a) He bought the book. He began to read it.
No sooner did he bought the book began to read it.
(b) Mr. Sharma had finished the lesson the students showed good response.
No sooner had Mr. Sharma finished the lesson than the students showed response.
इसी प्रकार,
(a) Hardly/Scarcely had he reached the station when the train began to start.
(b) Hardly/Scarcely had the class teacher completed the book when the students began to ask questions.

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate words given in the brackets.

  1. Never cross the road ………….. (when/before/until) the traffic light is red.
  2. My father will give you a story book ………….. (before/until/when) he comes back from the tour.
  3. ………….. (While/As/ After) my friend was cycling, I was sitting on the carriage.
  4. You will get a prize ………….. (when/as/till) you are an intelligent boy.
  5. Hardly had Ravi completed the novel ………….. (when/as/before) his mind became full of new ideas.

Answer.

  1. until,
  2. when,
  3. While,
  4. as,
  5. when.

Question 2.
Join the following sentences by using the word given in the brackets.

  1. I finished the work. I went to school. (when)
  2. The boys had reached home, the mother cooked a sweet dish. (after)
  3. The bus arrived at the stand. They dropped down. (as soon as)
  4. Mr. Singh had taught Madhoo. He joined school. (since)
  5. Mukesh is reading English. Mr. Rai is reading Hindi. (while)
  6. He had reached home. It started raining. (hardly, when)

Answer.

  1. When I finished the work. I went to school
  2. The boys had reached home after mother cooked a sweet dish.
  3. As soon as the bus arrived at the stand they dropped down.
  4. Mr. Singh had taught Madhoo since he joined school.
  5. While Mukesh is reading English. Mr. Rai is reading newspapers
  6. Hardly had he reached home when it started raining.

4. Relative Clause
(संबंधसूचक उपदाक्य)

वाक्यों में Relative Clause किसी Adjective की तरह कार्य करता है। यही कारण है कि इसे Adjective Clause भी कहा जाता है। अर्थात वाक्य में यह किसी Noun या Pronoun को qualify करता है- यह अपनी Antecedent Noun के संबंध में कुछ विशेष जानकारी प्रकट करता है।
जैसे

  • The boy who came into the house was my friend.
  • The house which our neighbor bought is made of stone.
  • The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.
  • The girl whom you helped is my sister.

उपरयुक्त वाक्यों में — who came into the house, which our neighbor bought, that I bought yesterday और whom your helped — Relative Clauses , हैं, जो अपने Antecedent Nouns जैसे, the boy, the house, the book, the girl आदि की विशिष्ट जानकारी देते हैं। इन दोनों वाक्यों को Relative Pronouns – who, which, that, whom आदि की सहायता से जोड़ा गया है। अतः ये शब्दो Relative Pronoun के उदाहरण हैं।

Kinds of Relative Clauses (Relative Clauses के प्रकार ): Relative Clauses दो प्रकार के होते हैं; जैसे
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses image 1

1. Defining Relative Clause: इस clause को Restrictive Defining Relative Clause भी कहा जाता है। यह अपने Antecedent Noun की विशेषता प्रकट करता है, जिससे संज्ञा की पहचान पूर्ण हो जाती है। Defining Relative Clause के साथ Comma (,) का प्रयोग नहीं किया जाता है।
The teacher who teacher us English is a very good man.
इस वाक्य का अर्थ है- जो शिक्षक हमें अंग्रेजी पढाते हैं, वे एक अच्छे आदमी हैं। यहाँ एक विशिष्ट शिक्षक की बात की जा रही है। अतः who teaches us English. इस Relative Clause के द्वारा शिक्षक के अर्थ को सीमित कर दिया गया है।

2. Non-defining Relative Clause: इस Relative Clause को Non-Restrictive Relative Clause भी कहा जाता है। यह Antecedent Noun के संबंध में Additional Information (अतिरिक्त जानकारी) प्रदान करता है। इस Clause के साथ Comma (,) का प्रयोग अनिवार्य है। जैसे- the teacher, who teaches us English is a very good man.
अर्थात अनेक शिक्षकों में जो शिक्षक हमें अंग्रेजी पढ़ाते हैं, वे एक अच्छे आदमी हैं। इस प्रकार शिक्षक के अर्थ का विस्तार किया गया है।
Defining Relative Clauses और Non-defining Clauses में प्रयुक्त विभिन्न Relative Pronouns.
(a) Subject के बाद who का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • Mr. Singha is a teacher. He teaches Hindi. (who)
  • Mr. Singha who teaches Hindi is a teacher.
  • Mr. Singha …………………. (who/whose/which) teaches Hindi is a teacher. (who)

(b) Object के बाद who का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • I know Mr. Singha. He teaches Hindi. (who)
  • I know Mr. Singha who teaches Hindi.
  • I know Mr. Singha ……….. (who/whose/which) teaches Hindi. (who)

(c) Subject के बाद whom का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • The boy was the monitor of class. You taught him maths. (whom)
  • The boy whom you taught maths was the monitor of class.
  • The boy …….. (who/whom/whose) you taught English was the monitor of class. (who)

(d) Object के बाद whom का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • Everybody loves Ravi. The principal gave him a prize. (whom)
  • Everybody loves Ravi whom the principal gave a prize.
  • Everybody loves Ravi ……….. (who/whom/whose) the principal gave a prize.

(e) Preposition के Object के रूप में whom का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • My friend is a laborious boy. I have bought a Hindi dictionary for him. (whom)
  • My friend for whom I have bought a Hindi dictionary is a laborious boy.
  • My friend for……….. (who/whom/whose) I have bought a Hindi dictionary is a laborious boy.

(f) Whose – जिसका, जिसकी, जिसके के अर्थ में, person व्यक्ति के लिए।
Subject के बाद whose का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • My car is very good. Its colour is black. (whose)
  • My car, whose colour is black, is very good.
  • My car ……….. (whom/whose/who) colour is black, is very good. (non defining) (whose)

(g) Object के बाद whose का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • I like Ravi, His father is a teacher. (whose)
  • I like Ravi whose father is a teacher.
  • I like Ravi ……….. (which/whom/whose) father is a teacher. (whose)

(h) Which – जिसका, जिसकी, जिसके lifeless thing या Animal के लिए।
Subject के बाद which का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • The car was new. It was bought last year. (which)
  • The car, which was bought last year, was new. (non-defining)
  • The car ……….. (who/which/whom) was bought last year, was new. (non defining) (whose)

(i) Object के बाद which का प्रयोग। जैसे

  • I have seen this film. It is very interesting. (which)
  • I have seen this film which is very interesting.
  • I have seen this film ……….. (which/who/whose) very interesting. (which)

(j) Preposition के Object के रूप में which का प्रयोग

  • The mangoes were sweet. I bought them at Rs 50 a kilo. (which)
  • The mangoes, which I bought at Rs 50 a kilo were sweet.
  • The mangoes ……….. (which/who/whose) I bought at Rs 50 a kilo, were sweet. (which)

नोट:(याद रखे)-
• Relative Pronouns जैसे -which’, who’, whose’, whom’ का प्रयोग Defining और Non-defining
Relative clause में किया जाता है।
• Persons या things एवं case (कारक) के संदर्भ में relative pronouns में निम्नलिखित अंतर है; जैसे:
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses image 2
• Relative adverbs जैसे- where’, when, why’ की सहायता से relative clauses प्रारंभ होते हैं।

  1. This is the house. We lived here. (where)
    This is the house, where we lived.
    This is the house …………….. (where/which/who) we lived. (where)
  2. This is the time. The winter season sets in. (when)
    This is the time when the winter season sets in.
    This is the time …………….. (where/which/when) the winter season sets in. (when)
  3. This is the reason, she left the place. (why)
    This is the reason why she left the place.
    This is the reason …………….. (why/which/where) she left the place. (why)

• That का प्रयोग
Nominative case में who या that का प्रयोग किया जाता है। Superlatives के बाद, that का प्रयोग किया जाता है और all, nobody, no one, somebody, someone, anybody आदि के बाद,हम या तो who या that का प्रयोग कर सकते हैं। जैसे

  1. This is the best that I could have done in that situation.
  2. The girl who cheated you is called Romola.
  3. All listened to his speech. They praised him. (who/that)

• Non-defining clauses में प्रयुक्त Relative pronoun.
RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses image 3
• कभी-कभी Relative Pronouns जैसे—’when, where’ और ‘why’ का प्रयोग preposition तथा Relative Pronoun ‘which’का स्थान ग्रहण करता है। जैसे
‘when’ समय को सूचित करता है।यह ‘in/on which’ का स्थान ग्रहण करता है।
‘where’ स्थान को सूचित करता है।यह ‘in/at which’ का स्थान ग्रहण करता है।
‘why’ से तात्पर्य है।यह ‘for which’ का स्थान ग्रहण करता है।

(i) That was the year in which this city was flooded.
That was the year when this city was flooded.

(ii) This is the house in which he lived.
This is the house where he lived.

(iii) This is the reason for which he was fined.
This is the reason why he was fined.

Exercise Solved

Question 1.
Complete the following sentences by choosing the most appropriate word given in brackets.

  1. My house ………… (where, which, whom) I paid rupees fifty lacs for, is beautiful.
  2. He introduced me to the man ………… (where, who, whom) I had known before.
  3. The boy………… (where, which, that) I met yesterday is named Kunal.
  4. The pen ………… (whose, which, whom) colour is black, is mine.
  5. The place ………… (where, which, who) our friend visited last year, is not known.

Answers.

  1. which
  2. whom
  3. that
  4. whose
  5. where

Question 2.
Join the following pairs of sentences using relative pronouns given in the brackets.

  1. Everybody knows Jitendra. He teaches students mathematics. (who)
  2. My brother has bought a motorcycle. Its colour is black. (whose)
  3. My pen is very attractive. I paid Rs 50 for it. (which)
  4. My friend lives in a village. His father works there. (where)
  5. This is the reason. She worked hard and got good marks. (why)

Answers.

  1. Everybody knows Jitendra who teaches students mathematics.
  2. My brother has bought a motorcycle whose colour is black.
  3. My pen which I paid Rs 50 for, is very attractive.
  4. My friend lives in a village where his father works.
  5. This is the reason why she worked hard and got good marks.

Dialogue Completion

Question 3.
Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
Bhavesh : Your trouser is very fine. Please tell me (a) ……………
Kavish : I bought it from a showroom (b)……..
Bhavesh : Will you tell me (c) ……….
Kavish : It cost me nine hundred rupees.
Answers.
(a) where you bought it from.
(b) which is situated at Sarojini Nagar.
(c) how much it cost you?

Question 4.
Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
Jayesh : Your writing is very fine. Could you let me know (a) …………
Rupesh : There is no secret. It is a constant practice (b) …..
Jayesh : Please tell me (c)…….
Rupesh : It will be enough if you spare an hour every day.
Answers.
(a) how you developed it?
(b) that is needed.
(c) how much time I should devote to it every day.

Board Questions Solved

Question 1.
Join the following sentences using the relative pronouns given in brackets:
(i) The merchant cheated him. He trusted the merchant very much. (who)
(ii) The woman was selling balloons. The police caught her. (whom)
Answer.
(i) He trusted the merchant very much who cheated him.
(ii) The woman whom the police caught was selling balloons.

Question 2.
Join the following sentences using the relative pronouns given in brackets:
(i) Rajveer helps the needy people. He is liked by everybody, (who)
(ii) My mother reads the book daily. My uncle gave it to me. (which)
Answer.
(i) Rajveer who helps the needy people is liked by everybody.
(ii) My mother daily reads the book which my uncle gave it to me.

Question 3.
Join the following sentences using the relative pronouns given in brackets:
(i) The woodcutter cut down the old tree. The tree was planted by my grandfather (which)
(ii) Anil supported the movement. The movement was started by his friend. (that)
Answer.
(i) The woodcutter cut down the old tree which was planted by my grandfather.
(ii) Anil supported the movement that was started by his friend.

Question 4.
Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
The moon was coming up in the east, ……………. (at, over, behind) me and the stars were shining …………. (over, in, under) the clear sky above me. There wasn’t a cloud in the sky. I was happy to be alone high up above the sleeping countryside. I thought about my father …………(who, which, whom) always supported me so that I …………. (must, shall, might) fulfil his dreams to become the best pilot.
Answer.
behind, in, who, must

Question 5.
Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
Mahatma Gandhi ……….. (who, which, whom) is called the father of the nation was born in Gujarat. He fought against the British ……….. (untill, from, in) we got freedom. If he had not fought, we …………. (will not, would not, should not) have got freedom. He was shot dead …………… (when, where, which) he was going to morning prayer.
Answer.
who, untill, would not, when

Question 6.
Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
The name ‘Eskimo’ comes ……… (of, from, at, on) the language of the Red Indians and means a person .. ………….. (which, who, whose, whom) eats raw meat. It is ………………… (a, an, the, any) appropriate name because …………… (they, you, we, he) mainly live on hunting and fishing.
Answer.
from, who, an, they

Question 7.
Put the most suitable words in the spaces to complete the following sentences choosing from the brackets given against each space.
Long, long ……….. (ago, before, some, last) there lived a merchant named, Antonio ………… (in, at, on, for) Venice. He had many trading ships …………. (which, who, when, that) were sent to distant countries for trade. …………. (He, She, You, We) was
very rich. His greatest friend was Bassanio, who loved a beautiful lady called Portia.
Answer.
ago, in, which, He

Exercise For Practice

Question 1.
Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
Teacher : You were not in the class yesterday. Tell me the reason (a)………
Student : Madam, I went to the hospital with my grandmother.
Teacher : I want to know (b) …………… you or your grandmother.
Student : It was the grandmother. I had to go (c) ………

Question 2.
Complete the dialogue by choosing the correct answers from the options given below:
John : Your club is a reputed one. Please tell me (a) …
Ibrahim :I don’t remember (b) …………………… at that time.
John : Please ask your friends (c)……..
Ibrahim : O.K. I’ll try my level best to do so.

We hope the given RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Grammar Clauses, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education

June 30, 2026 by Fazal Leave a Comment

RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education 1

RBSE Solutions for Class 10  English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education.

Board RBSE
Textbook SIERT, Rajasthan
Class Class 10
Subject English Supplementary Reader
Chapter Chapter 13
Chapter Name Road Safety Education
Number of Questions Solved 2
Category RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education


Textbook Questions Solved

Question 1.
Taking ideas from the given poster, design another one encouraging your schoolmates to form carpools. These can then be displayed on the school notice boards.
Answer.
RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education 1

Question 2.
Prepare a data sheet to collect data regarding travelling destinations and modes of transports used by your classmates. Use this information to facilitate formation of car pools in your class.
Answer.
Do it yourself.

 We hope the given RBSE Solutions for Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 10 English Supplementary Reader Chapter 13 Road Safety Education, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

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