Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Rajasthan: Population and Tribes
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Text Book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
According to census of 2011, the population of Rajasthan is:
(a) 6.85 crore
(b) 6.54 crore
(c) 5.85 crore
(d) 5.54 crore
Answer:
(a) 6.85 crore
Question 2.
The lowest literacy rate in Rajasthan is in:
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Barmer
(c) Jalore
(d) Banswara
Answer:
(c) Jalore
Question 3.
Which of the following is not a tribe:
(a) Bhil
(b) Khatik
(c) Meena
(d) Damor
Answer:
(b) Khatik
Question 4.
The origin of Meena tribe is considered:
(a) From incarnation of Varaha
(b) From incarnation of Kurma
(c) From incarnation of Matsya
(d) From incarnation of Krishna
Answer:
(c) From incarnation of Matsya
Question 5.
Sub – classes of Meena tribe are:
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 6
Answer:
(a) 2
Question 6.
Neja dance is performed by:
(a) Bhils of Banswara
(b) Meenas of Kherwara
(c) Bhils of Bhilwara
(d) Meenas of Bharatpur
Answer:
(b) Meenas of Kherwara
Question 7.
The cente of Sahariya Tribe is in the:
(a) Mandalgarh Tehsil
(b) Dhariya wad Tehsil
(c) Shahbad Tehsil
(d) Bundi Tehsil
Answer:
(c) Shahbad Tehsil
Question 8.
The fair of Beneshwar takes place:
(a) On Purnima of Jyestha Shukla Paksha
(b) On Purnima of Magha Shukla Paksha
(c) On Asharh Shukla Paksha Purnima
(d) On Purnima of Paush Shukla Paksha
Answer:
(b) On Purnima of Magha Shukla Paksha
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 9.
After how many years does census take place in our state?
Answer:
Census in our state takes place after a gap of every 10 years.
Question 10.
Which position does Rajasthan have in the nation with the point of view of population?
Answer:
Rajasthan ranks at the 8th place in the nation with population point of view.
Question 11.
In which census year did the population of Rajasthan decrease?
Answer:
In the census year 1911 – 21, the population of the state of Rajasthan decreased.
Question 12.
Which of the districts in Rajasthan has the highest sex – ratio?
Answer:
The sex – ratio of Dungarpur district in Rajasthan is the highest.
Question 13.
Name any three tribes belonging to Rajasthan.
Answer:
The main tribes in Rajasthan are:
- Meena.
- Bhil.
- Garasiya.
Question 14.
Name any one Gypsy Tribe of Rajasthan.
Answer:
The Sansi tribe in Rajasthan is a Gypsy tribe.
Question 15.
Name the fairs related to Damor Tribe in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Two main fairs related to Damor Tribe are:
- Chhela Bavaji.
- Gyaras Ki Raiwadi.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 16.
Mention any three characteristics of the population in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The three main characteristics of the population in Rajasthan are given below:
- Distribution of population in Rajasthan is uneven at large.
- According to the census of 2011, population density in Rajasthan is 200 people per square kilometer.
- Population of Rajasthan has increased rapidly during 20th century. In the first 50 years of this century it increased by one and half times, and during later 50 years by 3 times.
Question 17.
Mention the factors affecting the population distribution in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The factors that highly affect the distribution of population are given below:
1. Physical Factors:
Under this factor fluctuation of climate, soil, vegetation and means of irrigation are included.
2. Economic Factors:
The economic factors which affect the population distribution in a region are availability of minerals, urbanization, industrial development and means of transportation.
3. Socio – cultural factors:
Under this factor, migration and mobility of labour is included.
4. Political factors etc.
Question 18.
Explain the distribution of population in Rajasthan.
Answer:
An uneven distribution of population is seen in Rajasthan. The main characteristics of population distribution in Rajasthan are given below:
- Scarce and scattered population is found in the western and north – western regions of Aravalli mountain range.
- A dense population is found in to the eastern and north – eastern plain regions of Aravalli mountain range.
- Population concentration is found to be more in some fertile regions of Aravallis, and also in mining areas.
- In western desert areas, population is seen centralized around water – sources.
Question 19.
Write a short note on literacy of your state.
Answer:
With regard to literacy, Rajasthan is a backward state of India. Only two states Arunachal Pradesh and Bihar have a lower literacy rate than Rajasthan. According to census of 2011, the average literacy in Rajasthan is 67.06 per cent, in which male literacy is 79.2 per cent while female literacy is only 52.1 per cent. After India got independence, during 1951 to 2011, literacy has increased by 59.04 per cent in the state.
In the state, Kota district stands first in literacy with 76.6 per cent. The lowest literacy rate is found in the district of Jalore with 54.9 per cent. The highest increase in literacy was noted in district Dungarpur with an increment of 10.90 per cent.
Question 20.
Describe Sahariya Tribe of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Sahariya is the most backward tribe in Rajasthan. So Government of India has included it in the primitive tribes of India. The houses in which people of Sahariya live are called Tapari and Topa. The small colonies of this tribes are known as Saharana and village as Saharol.
1. Residing Area:
98 per cent of Sahariya tribal people live in Kishanganj and Shahbad Tehsils in the district of Baran.
2. Social Life:
Nuclear families are seen in Sahariyas. They have polygamy system. The birth of a girl is considered fortunate. They consider Rishi Valmiki as their penates.
3. Economic System:
The main bases of their economy are forest – products and shifting agriculture. Literacy percentage in Sahariyas is very low.
Question 21.
Name the programs operated by the government for welfare of scheduled Tribes.
Answer:
After India got independence, Government of India started many programs and plans for welfare of scheduled Tribes. Some of the programs are given below:
- Tribal Area Development Approach (TADA).
- Modified Area Development Approach (MADA).
- Sahariya Development Program.
- Mada Cluster Scheme.
- Scattered Tribes Development Program.
- Clean – Project.
- Tribal Area Sericulture Program.
- Eklavya Plan.
- Rookh – Bhayala Program.
- Employment Program etc.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Essay Type Questions
Question 22.
Describe the population distribution and its density in Rajasthan.
Answer:
With area point of view, Rajasthan ranks first, while in population, it stands at the 8th position in Indian states. According to the census of 2011, the population in Rajasthan was 6.85 crores and the average population density was 200 people per square kilometer.
Population Distribution:
Highly dense population is seen in some areas of Rajasthan state, while some areas have rare population. The main features of population distribution in Rajasthan are given below:
- Scarce and scattered population is found in western and northern – western parts of Aravalli mountain range.
- Dense population is found in eastern and north – eastern plain regions of Aravalli mountain range.
- The population – concentration is found to be more in some fertile regions of Aravalli, and also in mining areas.
- In western desert areas, population is centralized around water sources.
Features Affecting population distribution:
The distribution of population in Rajasthan is effected and controlled at large by the quantity of rainfall, availability of water, fertility of soil and economic development. The factors affecting population distribution in Rajasthan are given below:
1. Physical Factors:
Fluctuation of climate, soil, vegetation and natural water sources.
2. Economic Factors:
Availability of minerals, urbanization, industrial development, etc.
3. Socio – Cultural Factors:
Human migration and availability of labour, etc.
4. Political factors.
Density of Population:
The number of people living per square kilometer is called the density of population. According to census of 2011, average population density in Rajasthan is 200 people per square kilometer.
The districts of Rajasthan are divided into 5 classes at the base of population density:
1. Districts with most population density (more than 400):
They are only four in number. Jaipur, Bharatpur, Dausa and Alwar are included in this category.
2. Districts with high population density (300 – 400):
The number of these districts is 7 and they are Dholpur, Banswara, Kota, Dungarpur, Jhunjhunu, Sikar and Ajmer.
3. Districts with medium population density (200 – 300):
The number of these districts is 7 and they are: Sawai Madhopur, Sirohi, Bhilwara, Karoli, Udaipur, Rajsamand and Jhalawar.
4. Districts with low population density (100 – 200):
The number of these districts is 12 in all. Under this category, Tonk, Chittorgarh, Pratapgarh, Bundi, Nagaur, Hanumangarh, Sri ganganagar, Baran, Jalore, Pali, Jodhpur and Churu districts are included.
5. Districts with minimum population density (less than 100):
Only three districts are included in this category – Bikaner, Barmer and Jaisalmer.
On the basis of population density, following trends are found in Rajasthan.
- In eastern plains, there is high population density.
- In the western desert region, population density is very low.
- The district of Jaipur has the most population density – 595 people per square kilometer.
- Jaisalmer has the minimum population density – 17 people per square kilometer.
Question 23.
Describe social system and economic conditions of Bhil or Meena tribe of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Meena Tribe:
Meena tribe ranks first among the tribes of Rajasthan. Meena community considers that its origin is from the Matsya – Avatar, who was the incarnation of Lord Vishnu.
Inhabitance:
Meena tribe is found in almost every district of Rajasthan. Most of its population is found in Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Karoli, Alwar, Tonk, Bharatpur and Udaipur districts. Alwar , Bharatpur and Jaipur districts are considered the historical inhabitation of Meena tribe. This region was also known as the Matsya Pradesh. Most of population of Meena tribe is in Jaipur. It is the most educated tribe among all tribes in Rajasthan.
Social Life:
Some characteristics of social life of Meena tribe are given below:
- In Meena tribe, matrimonial relations, Kinsmanship and blood relations are considered very important.
- The girls are made to enter into matrimony at a very young age in Meenas, but the ceremonial bringing of a wife from her father’s to her husband’s home takes place on reaching puberty i.e., when they become mature.
- They have patriarchal joint families.
- The panchayats play important role in social life of Meeans. All the disputes related to Meena society – marriage, divorce, profligacy, etc. are decided through Panchayats.
- Meenas have firm faith in their religious fairs and festivals.
- Males of Meena tribe put on Dhoti and shirts, while women wear Ghaghara, Kanchli and Odhani.
- Literacy has spread widely among this tribe, and so they have taken full advantage of reservation in government jobs.
Economy:
Generally, Meena tribe is engaged in Agriculture. Besides, herding of animals is also their chief occupation. The fashion of sharecropping agriculture system is seen in this tribe. Among all tribes, Meena tribe in Rajasthan is the most educated. A large number of Meenas are posted in government services as well as other honorable services today.
Bhil Tribe:
Bhil is the second most important tribe after Meenas in Rajasthan. It is considered to be the most ancient tribe in India. It is considered as a struggling tribe and the best archers. They live in houses made of bamboo and wood. The roofs of their house are made of single – lap tiling.
Inhabitance:
Bhil tribe mainly belongs to Banswara, Dungarpur and Udaipur districts. Their inhabitance is random and forested. They live On the hills in scattered form.
Social Life:
Bhil tribal people have patriarchal social system. Their economic system is based on agriculture and they are perfect in archery.
Some of the characteristics of their social life are given below:
- Their social system is patriarchal. They have several patriarchal Gotras, called Atak.
- Morbandiya marriage, Kidnapping marriage, Exchange marriage, service marriage, etc are customary.
- Mainly, nuclear families are found in Bhils.
- In Bhils, Bhopa (occultist), Gameti (headman) and Bhagat (the religious man) play important roles in their social life.
- The famous and an important fair for Bhils is “Beneshwar Mela” which is held at the confluence of rivers Mahi, Som and Jakham on Magh Shukla Purnima every year.
- Dancing on the carnivals, fiesta and performing worship is their important social custom.
- Both males and females in Bhils put on metal ornaments and prick tattoo on their bodies.
- Besides Hindu gods and goddesses, they also have several penates and they worship them regularly.
Economy:
Economically, the people of Bhil tribe are poor and wanderers. Mainly, they are farmers. Fishing is also their economic activity. Hunting and gathering forest produce like herbs, stems, fruits, gum, mahua, annona squamosa, plums and wood are also Bhils occupations. Along with agriculture, herding of animals is also their occupation. At present, most of the Bhils are engaged as labourers in nearby towns and cities.
Question 24.
Describe the social system and economic conditions of Garasiya and Sahariya tribes in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Garasiya Tribe:
Garasiya is the third largest tribe of Rajasthan. The people of Garasiya tribe consider themselves the scions of Chauhan Rajputs. Their houses, lifestyle, language, customs, bow and arrows are the same as that of Bhils.
Inhabitation:
Abu road and Chhindwara tehsil of Sirohi, Bali of Pali district, Gogunda and ICotra Tehsils of Udaipur are the main native regions of Garasiya tribe. The Bhankhar area in Abu road is considered their native place. Before arrival of the Rajputs, Garasiya tribe ruled over the hilly areas of Sirohi, Pindwara and Abu road. The villages of Garasiyas are found to be scattered far and wide in the mountains.
Social System:
Some of characteristics of social life of Garasiyas are given below:
- In a Garasiya village, people of the same clan (Gotra) live.
- People of Garasiya tribe have nuclear families and the families are patriarchal.
- There are three types of marriage in Garasiya tribe – More – Bandhiya (customary marriage), Paharawna and Tanana.
- Tribal Panchayat plays an important role in social system of Garasiyas. The headman of Panchayat is called Sahalot.
- Garasiyas take active part in local and religious fairs and choose their life partners there.
- Male Garasiyas wear Dhoti and shirt and also they tie a towel around their heads. The women put on colourful dresses of bright colors.
- They are the worshippers of Lord Shiva, Bhairava and Goddess Durga.
- They have a custom of pricking tattoos on their bodies.
Economy:
Most of the people of Garasiya tribe are engaged in primary economic activities. Their total economy depends on primary activities. Their chief occupations are shifting and traditional agriculture, rearing of animals, hunting, wood cutting and gathering forest produce. In the changing situations and surroundings, they have started working as labourers in the nearby towns and cities. Hari Bhawari is a form of co – operative agriculture, popular in Garasiya tribe. They store their food grains in Sohari (Kothi).
Sahariya Tribe:
Sahariya is the largest backward scheduled tribe in Rajasthan. So, Indian Government has included it in the primitive tribes of India. The word ‘Sahariya’ is originated from the Persain word ‘Sahar’, which meant forest. Sahariya tribe lives only in forests, therefore they are called Sahariya.
Inhabitation:
98 per cent of people of Sahariya tribe dwell in Kishanganj and Shahbad Tehsils of district Baran. The houses of Sahariya tribes are called Taapri or Topa. Taapri is made of mud, stones, wood and grass – straw, while Topas are scaffolds built in the dense trees with the help of bamboo and logs of wood. The smaller colonies of this tribe are called Saharana, and villages, are called Saharal.
Social Life:
The characteristics of social life of this tribe are given below:
- Nuclear family system is found in this tribe.
- They follow a polygamous lifestyle.
- They give high importance to Kinsmanship.
- The birth of girls is considered a fortune.
- The fair which takes place in Sitabari near Kelwara in district Baran is a very pious and religious occasion for this tribe.
- They consider Rishi Valmiki as their penates and ancestor.
- The males in Sahariya tribe put on Dhoti, shirt and turban, and women wear Ghaghara, loogari and shirt with long arms.
- Pricking tattoos on the body is a popular fashion among women.
Economy:
Since they live in forests, most of Sahariyas are engaged in primary – economic activities. Gathering herbs, stems, fruits, from forests, wood cutting, hunting, fishing, etc. are their major occupations. The people of Sahariya tribe also perform shifting agriculture. To obtain agricultural land, they keep on wandering here and there in the jungle. Very low literacy rate is seen among this tribe.
Map based Questions
Question 25.
On the outlined map of Rajasthan, show the distribution of population.
Answer:
Question 26.
On the outline map of Rajasthan, mark the habitation areas of main tribes Rajasthan.
Answer:
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Additional Questions with Answers
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
In India, census is a subject of which list?
(a) Union List
(b) State List
(c) Union and State both
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Union List
Question 2.
In India, what is the place of Rajasthan with the point of view of population?
(a) Third
(b) Fifth
(c) Eighth
(d) Tenth
Answer:
(c) Eighth
Question 3.
District with minimum population growth rate in Rajasthan is:
(a) Jaipur
(b) Pali
(c) Jalore
(d) Sri Ganganagar
Answer:
(d) Sri Ganganagar
Question 4.
The district with highest literacy in Rajasthan is:
(a) Jaipur
(b) Kota
(c) Bharatpur
(d) Karauli
Answer:
(b) Kota
Question 5.
The average literacy rate (2011 year) in Rajasthan is:
(a) 56.05 per cent
(b) 60.30 per cent
(c) 67.06 per cent
(d) 76.30 per cent
Answer:
(c) 67.06 per cent
Question 6.
The highest population density is found in which district of Rajasthan?
(a) Kota
(b) Jaipur
(c) Jaisalmer
(d) Bharatpur
Answer:
(b) Jaipur
Question 7.
The cause of decreasing sex – ratio in Rajasthan is:
(a) Patriarchal family
(b) Child – marriage
(c) Dowry system
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these
Question 8.
With tribal population point view, Rajasthan stands in India at the:
(a) third place
(b) fifth place
(c) sixth place
(d) tenth place
Answer:
(c) sixth place
Question 9.
Gavri and Ghumar are major dances of:
(a) Meena tribe
(b) Bhil tribe
(c) Garasiya tribe
(d) Damor tribe
Answer:
(b) Bhil tribe
Question 10.
The main inhabitation of Damor Tribe is:
(a) Kishanganj Tehsil of Baran district
(b) Simalwada Panchayat of Dungarpur District
(c) Kolra – Jhadol Panchayat of Udaipur district
(d) Bali tehsil of Pali district
Answer:
(b) Simalwada Panchayat of Dungarpur District
Question 11.
Chauth Mat a is Kuldevi of the tribe:
(a) Meena
(b) Sansi
(c) Kanjar
(d) Kathodi
Answer:
(c) Kanjar
Matching Type Questions
Question 1.
Match Column A with Column B:
Column A | Column B |
(i) The district with minimum sex ratio in Rajasthan | (a) Bharatpur |
(ii) Sahariya Tribe | (b) Dholpur |
(iii) Garasiya Tribe | (c) Baran |
(iv) Sansi Tribe | (d) Udaipur |
(v) The average literacy in Rajasthan | (e) 67.06% |
Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (c), (iii) – (d), (iv) – (a), (v) – (e).
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you understand by the term population?
Answer:
The number of people living in a certain region and time period is called the population of related region.
Question 2.
What factors can be estimated by the study of population?
Answer:
The total manpower and the goods and services essential for them can be estimated by the study of population.
Question 3.
How can we obtain proper knowledge of qualitative level of population.
Answer:
Knowledge of qualitative level of population can be obtained on the basis of literacy, sex – ratio and life – expectancy.
Question 4.
Which census is the latest census in the country?
Answer:
Latest census (2011) is the second census of 21 st century and the seventh census after India got independence.
Question 5.
What is the basis of study of demographic characteristics?
Answer:
The basis of study of demographic characteristics is the analysis of population distribution and its forms.
Question 6.
What is meant by population distribution?
Answer:
Population distribution means the pattern of in – habitation of people in a given regional extent.
Question 7.
Mention two functions of population directorate.
Answer:
- Collection and aggregation of population – related information.
- Publication of population – related information.
Question 8.
By what factors is population distribution in Rajasthan affected and controlled?
Answer:
Population distribution in Rajasthan is affected and controlled by the quantity of rainfall, availability of water, fertile soil and economic.development.
Question 9.
What is meant by the term population growth?
Answer:
Population growth is an increase in the number of people living in a certain area and a certain period.
Question 10.
What is natural decrease and natural increase in population?
Answer:
Due to difference between the births and deaths, if population increases, it is natural increase, otherwise it is a natural decrease.
Question 11.
Describe any three favorable factors of population growth of a region.
Answer:
The three favorable factors of population growth of a region are:
- Favorable geographical conditions for human habitation.
- The supply of foodstuffs.
- Lack of natural disasters.
Question 11.
What is meant by migration?
Answer:
Human migration is the movement by people from one place to another with the intention of settling permanently or temporarily in a new location.
Question 12.
Mention the factors responsible for migration.
Answer:
The natural, social, economic, political, etc. factors are responsible for migration.
Question 13.
Describe the factors responsible for population growth.
Answer:
The factors responsible for population growth are high birth rate, low – death rate and migration.
Question 14.
What is emigration?
Answer:
The act of leaving one’s own country to settle permanently in another, or moving abroad.
Question 15.
What is immigration?
Answer:
The act of coming into another country to live permanently.
Question 16.
Describe two causes of rapid population growth during the last three decades.
Answer:
Two causes of rapid population growth during the last three decades are:
- Success of family welfare programmes.
- economic development.
Question 17.
What is population density?
Or
Write down the formula of population density.
The number of people living in per-square kilometer in a certain period is called population density.
Question 18.
Name the districts of Rajasthan where highest and lowest population density is found.
Answer:
The highest population density is in Jaipur with 595 people per km2 and lowest is in Jaisalmer with 17 people per km2.
Question 19.
What is the formula to calculate the sex – ratio?
Or
Describe the sex ratio. Sex – ratio is an indicator of the ratio of females to males in a population. It is expressed as the number of women per 1000 men. The formula for calculating the sex ratio is given below:
Question 20.
Why is the knowledge of sex ratio essential?
Answer:
The knowledge of sex ratio is essential to understand the necessities, consumption structure and the employment status of a community.
Question 21.
Sex ratio has an impact on which demo – graphical aspects?
Answer:
The sex ratio affects the population growth, life standard, economic structure, migration etc.
Question 22.
What is the sex ratio in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, there are 928 females on every 1000 males.
Question 23.
What is the position of Rajasthan with regard to sex – ratio in India?
Answer:
Rajasthan stands at the 21st position in India with regard to sex – ratio.
Question 24.
Explain the regional variation of sex – ratio in Rajasthan.
Answer:
A significant regional variation in sex ratio is seen in Rajasthan. In western, eastern and northern regions, there is less sex-ratio than average and in central and southern Rajasthan, it is more than the state’s average.
Question 25.
What is the main cause of low infant sex – ratio in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The main cause of low infant sex ratio in Rajasthan is female foeticide.
Question 26.
Write down the formula of literacy rate.
Answer:
Literacy is a qualitative indicator of population. Literacy rate is calculated through the following formula:
Question 27.
Describe the determining factors of literacy rate.
Answer:
The main determining factors of literacy rate are:
- Level of economic development.
- Urbanization.
- Life standard.
- Social status of women.
- Availability of educational facilities.
- Government policies.
Question 28.
Name the states in India, which have less literacy rate than Rajasthan.
Answer:
Bihar and Arunachal Pradesh have less literacy rate than Rajasthan in India.
Question 29.
Which district in Rajasthan has the highest literacy rate?
Answer:
The highest rate of literacy is in Kota district (76.60%).
Question 30.
What was the tribal population in Rajasthan according to the census of 2011?
Answer:
According to the census of 2011, the number of tribal population in Rajasthan was 92.39 lakh.
Question 31.
In which district in Rajasthan there is most of tribal population?
Answer:
Udaipur district has most of the tribal population with 15.25 lacs.
Question 32.
Name chief tribes of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Chief tribes of Rajasthan are, Meena, Bhil, Garasiya, Sahariya, Damor, Kathodi, Kanjar, Sansi etc.
Question 33.
Name tribes related to small community in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The tribes related to small communities are Dhanka, Kokna, Nayaka and Pateliya.
Question 34.
Name the inhabitation area of Meena Tribe.
Answer:
Meena tribe mainly lives in districts of Jaipur, Dausa, Sawai Madhopur, Karauli, Alwar, Tonk, Bharatpur and Udaipur.
Question 35.
Mention the classes of Meena tribe.
Answer:
There are two groups of Meena tribe:
- Zamindar Meena.
- Chaukidar Meena.
Question 36.
What were two marriage systems found in Meena tribe in ancient time?
Answer:
In ancient time, there were two marriage systems Prevalent in Meena, tribe:
- Brahma Vivah (arranged marriage).
- Gandharva Vivah (Love marriage).
Question 37.
What are the levels of panchayat found in Meena tribe?
Answer:
There are four levels of panchayat in Meena tribe:
- Gram panchayat (village panchayat).
- Gotra (clan) panchayat.
- Kshetriya (Regional) panchayat.
- Chaurasi panchayat.
Question 38.
Where are the fairs related to Meena tribe held?
Answer:
The fairs related to Meena tribe are held in Mahavirji, Ganeshji (Sawai Madhopur) and in the temple of Jeenmata of Revasa in Sikar.
Question 39.
What is the language of Bhil tribe?
Answer:
The languages of Bhil tribe are Bhili and Wagdi.
Question 40.
From where has the word Bhil originated?
Or
Which word is considered as the origin of the word Bhil?
Answer:
The word Bhil has originated with “Bilu”, which means the tribe with bow and arrows.
Question 41.
Distinguish between Palvi and bagri Bhils.
Answer:
The Bhils who reside on high mountains are called Palvi Bhils and those who live in the plains are called Bagri Bhils.
Question 42.
What is meant by Atak?
Answer:
Bhils have several patriarchal clans (Gotras), known as Atak.
Question 43.
Mention the types of marriage which are customary among Bhils.
Answer:
The marriage systems popular in Bhils are:
- Mor Bandiya Vivah (arranged marriage).
- Kidnapping marriage.
- Marriages to younger brother of husband (Devar vivah).
- Exchange marriage.
- Service marriage.
- Purchasing marriage.
Question 44.
Name important clans (Gotras) of Bhils.
Answer:
Important clans (Gotras) of Bhils are – Katara, Tabiyar, Rot, Pargi, etc.
Question 45.
What is meant by the terms Gameti, Bhopa and Bhagat?
Answer:
Among Bhil tribe, the head-person of village is called Gameti, occultist is called Bhopa, and the person who performs religious rituals is known as Bhagat.
Question 46.
What is the Bhil village called?
Answer:
The small village of Bhils is called Fala and the larger village is called Pal.
Question 47.
Name the dances popular among Bhils.
Answer:
Dances like Gavri and Ghumar are very popular among Bhils.
Question 48.
Name important festival of Bhils.
Answer:
The important festival of Bhils is Gavri. It includes worship of goddess Parvati in the month of Shrawan.
Question 49.
Name main gods and goddesses of Bhils.
Answer:
Besides Hindu Gods, Bhils worship several other local deities and they are Dharal, Birsa Munda, Kalaji, Goraji, Mataji, Govind Guru, Lasoriya Maharaj, etc.
Question 50.
What is difference between Dajiya and Chimata?
Answer:
Chimata and Dajiya are the names of different types of agriculture. Chimata is done in the slope of mountains, while Dajiya in the plains.
Question 51.
Where does the Garasiya tribe live?
Answer:
Garasiya tribe lives in Abu road and Pindvara tehsils of Sirohi district, Bali of Pali district and in Gogunda and Kotra tehsils of Udaipur district.
Question 52.
What are the houses and villages of Garasiya tribe called?
Answer:
The houses of Garasiya tribe are called Gher and the villages are called Faliya.
Question 53.
Name the marriage systems customary in Garasiya tribe.
Answer:
There are three customary marriage systems in Garasiya:
- Mor – Bandhiya marriage (Arranged marriage).
- Paharawana marriage (Semi-arranged marriage).
- Tama marriage (Purchasing marriage).
Question 54.
What are the three social groups of Garasiya tribe?
Answer:
The Garasiya tribe is divided socially in three groups:
- Moti Niyat.
- Nenki Niyat.
- Nichali Niyat.
Question 55.
What is the status of Caste Panchayat in Garasiya?
Answer:
Among Garasiyas, Caste Panchayats are very important. Caste Panchayats are held at the village and Bhakhar level. Caste Panchayat may punish any one physically or financially. The head of the Panchayat is called Sahalot.
Question 56.
What is the name of co-operative agriculture done by Garasiyas?
Answer:
The community agriculture done by Garasiyas is called as “Hari Bhawari”.
Question 57.
What are the colonies and villages of Sahariya tribe called?
Answer:
The small colonies of Sahariya tribe are called Sahartana and villages are called Saharol.
Question 58.
What is the head of Panchayat of Damor (Damariya) community called?
Answer:
The head of Panchayat of Damor community is called Mukhi.
Question 59.
Where are the inhabitations of Kathodi tribe?
Answer:
The Kathodi tribe of Rajasthan lives in Kotra, Jhadol and Sarada Panchayat areas in Udaipur.
Question 60.
How did Kathodi tribe get this name?
Answer:
People of this tribe are expert in making catechu from the tree of Khair, so they are called Kathodi.
Question 61.
In which districts do the people of Kanjar tribe live?
Answer:
Kanjar tribe mainly lives in Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, Chittorgarh, Sawai Madhopur, Alwar, Bhilwara and Ajmer districts.
Question 62.
In which regions does the Sansi tribe live?
Answer:
The Sansi tribe lives in Bharatpur and Alwar districts in Rajasthan.
Question 63.
Describe the two chief characteristics of Sansi Tribe.
Answer:
Two chief characteristics of Sansi tribe are given below:
- They lead a life of wanderers.
- They earn their living by hunting wild animals and making minor handicrafts items.
Question 64.
Economic condition of tribes is not improving. Why?
Answer:
The reasons of non-improvement of economic condition of tribes are given below:
- Increasing trend of intoxication.
- Limited options for their livelihood, therefore, there is increase in trend of theft, robbery and other crimes.
Question 65.
Describe two positive effects of modernization on the tribes.
Answer:
Two positive effects of modernization on the tribes are given below:
- By virtue of contact with urban life and migration to urban areas, a change can be seen in their food, attire and dwellings.
- Due to expansion of education, awareness among them has increased and so they are taking interest in government services.
Question 66.
What were the reasons for decrease in population in the decade of years 1911 – 21?
Answer:
There were two major reasons for decrease in population in the decade of years 1911 – 21:
- Trikaal of 191 (food grain, water, grass).
- Frequency of epidemic.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)
Question 1.
Describe any three important causes for the study of population in geography.
Answer:
In geography, the study of population is very important. Three causes for this sake the study of population are given below:
- It is the human, who is the only producer and consumer of all natural resources on the earth. So, he is the center of entire economics.
- With the help of study of population, available manpower and essential goods and
services needed by them can be estimated. - Knowledge of qualitative level of population can be obtained on the basis of the study of demographic characteristics like literacy, sex ratio, etc.
Question 2.
Describe three important facts related to the census of India.
Answer:
Three important facts related to the census are given below:
- The counting of population is done at an interval of every 10 years.
- The census in India is a subject of union list.
- The accumulation, summation and publication of population data is done by the census directorate.
Question 3.
Why is the study of population distribution and density so important?
Answer:
Population distribution shows the number of people living in different regions, while population density expresses the proportional relation between humans and area. The study of population distribution and population density is very important because it provides a base for appropriate study and analysis of demographic characteristics.
Question 4.
Explain the factors like birth, death and migration, responsible for population growth.
Answer:
Population growth = Total birth – (total death + migration)
These three factors are responsible for the change in population. First two factors are biological. When population of a region increases due to difference between birth and death, it is called natural population growth, and if it decreases, it is called natural population decrease. Population growth is calculated when the difference between emigration and immigration is added or subtracted to the natural increase or decrease in population.
Question 5.
Explain the trend of decadal population growth in Rajasthan.
Answer:
On the basis of population growth during 2001 to 2011, the districts of Rajasthan have been divided into three categories.
- Districts with population growth more than 26 per cent are Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Banswara, Jaipur and Jalore.
- Districts with population growth less than between 16 per cent are Sri Ganganagar, Jhunjhunu, Pali and Bundi.
- District with population growth from 16 to 26 per cent include all the remaining districts.
It is clear, that there was a decrease in population growth by 7 per cent during the decade 2001 – 2011. And the trend shows that there will be a decrease in population growth in 21 st century. It will be helpful for economic development of the state.
Question 6.
Mention main trends of population density in Rajasthan.
Answer:
On the basis of data of population density in Rajasthan, following trends are seen:
- Highest population density is found in Jaipur (595 people per km2).
- Lowest population density is seen in Jaisalmer (17 people per km2).
- Population density of 18 districts is more than the average population density in state.
- Eastern districts of Rajasthan have high population density, while in desert areas of the west, population density is low.
Question 7.
Describe important characteristics related to literacy in the state of Rajasthan.
Answer:
The important facts related to literacy in Rajasthan are given below:
- Kota district in Rajasthan stands first in literacy (76.60 per cent).
- Jalore ranks at bottom in literacy with 54.90 per cent.
- The literacy in the year of 1991 was only 38.55 per cent which increased to 67.06 per cent in 2011.
- After independence, during 1951 to 2011, literacy in Rajasthan increased by 59.04 per cent.
- Highest literacy growth is seen in Dungarpur (10.90 per cent) during 2001 – 2011.
Question 8.
Describe any four characteristics of Tribes in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The tribes are also known as Vanwasi or Girijan. Their three main characteristics are given below:
- Each tribe has its own specific identity, social system and culture.
- Tribes dwell mainly in mountains, plateau and forest areas.
- Main sources of livelihood of these tribes are-hunting wild animals, primitive agriculture and rearing of animals.
- They live far away from man – made environment and very close to nature.
Question 9.
Describe the areas, in which different tribes of Rajasthan live.
Answer:
The tribes as Meena, Bhil, Garasiya, Sahariya, Damor, Kathodi, ICanjar, Sansi, Dhanka, Kokna, Nayaka and Pateliya are found in Rajasthan. The related areas of these tribes are given below:
- Meena – The eastern plains area and plateau region of Rajasthan.
- Bhil – Southern Aravalli area.
- Garasiya – Sirohi, Pali and Udaipur districts.
- Sahariya – Shahbad and Kishanganj Tehsils of district Baran.
- Damor – Banswara and Dungarpur districts.
Question 10.
Describe any four social characteristics of Meena Tribe.
Answer:
Four social characteristics of Meena tribe are given below:
- At present, the marriages in Meenas are performed just like in other modern societies of Rajasthan.
- Daughters of Meena tribe get married at an early age but the ceremonial bringing of a bride from her father’s home to her husband’s home takes place on, when she becomes mature.
- They have patriarchal joint families.
- The issue – less (childless) couple have a right to adopt a baby.
Question 11.
Describe religious faith of Bhils.
Answer:
The famous religious fair “Beneshwar Dham mela” is held at the confluence of Mahi, Som and Jakham rivers on Magha Shulda Purnima every year. The Bhils assemble there to take pious bath in the rivers and to worship Lord Shiva. They consider it a task to receive divine blessings. In the month of Shrawana (Sawan), they celebrate Gavri festival and worship goddess Parvati.
Question 12.
Describe main fairs of Garasiyas and their importance.
Answer:
Every year, Garasiyas organise several local, regional and large-scale fairs. Larger fairs are known as ‘Mankharo fairs’. These three fairs are the most important:
- Koteshwar fair near Ambaji.
- Chetar – Vichitar fair near Devala on the Kotra – Kosina road.
- Gangaur fair of Gogunda on Baishakh Krishna Panchami.
The young Garasiyas choose their life partners in these fairs.
Question 13.
Describe any four characteristics of Kanjar Tribe.
Answer:
Kanjar is a tribe in Rajasthan. Their main characteristics are given below:
- The origin of the word Kanjar is from the word ‘Kanan-char’, which means ‘wanderer in the forest’.
- Kanjars are notorious for theft and other crimes. But after drinking “Hakim Raja ka Pyala”, they never speak a lie.
- They have a window in the back side of their houses to flee away.
- Their presiding deity is Chauth Mata. Kanjar women are expert in singing and dancing.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)
Question 1.
Describe the factors responsible for low sex – ratio in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The factors responsible for low sex – ratio in Rajasthan are given further:
- Due to patriarchal family system, sons are given priority in Rajasthan. As a result, daughters have less nutritional, health and educational facilities.
- Due to popularity of child – marriage system in Rajasthan, girls have to bear the maternity burden at a very young age, hence possibilities of their death are increased at large in the labor room or labor period.
- The boys are preferred to continue the generation.
- Dowry deaths are also an important factor for decreasing sex ratio in Rajasthan.
- Female foeticide and infanticide are also responsible for decreasing sex ratio.
Question 2.
Describe the impacts of modernization on the tribes.
Answer:
The impact of modernization on tribes can be understood from the following points:
- Due to indiscriminate cutting of forests, the remaining forests have been conserved, which affects tribal life adversely, as they depend mostly on forest produce for their survival.
- Due to lack of forest products, infertility of land and erosion of land, their economy has been destroyed and they resort to robbery and other crimes.
- Because of limited agricultural land, increasing population and limitations of local resources, they have started to work as labourers in neighboouring cities and there they are exploited.
- Due to their increasing contact with urban life, their food habits, attire and lifestyle have changed.
- Trend of intoxication is increasing rapidly among them, so their economic condition is worsening day by day.
- Because of expansion of education, awareness among them has increased and so they have started to join government services. This has changed their social life-style.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 25 Essay Type Questions
Question 1.
Explain the trends of population growth in Rajasthan.
Answer:
An increase in the number of people that reside in a country, state, city or village during a certain time period is called population growth. The population growth in a region is the result of following factors:
- Availability of geographical conditions favorable to human life.
- A regular supply of foodstuffs.
- Minimum frequency of natural disasters.
Besides, in general, population growth is also a result of birth – rate, death – rate and migration. Proper balance of birth rate and death rate or its equal value keeps the population stable. If birth rate is increasing and death rate is decreasing, then population increases, otherwise it decreases. The condition of migration also impacts the population.
The trend of population growth in Rajasthan is shown in the table given below:
Rajasthan – Population Growth:
From above data, it is clear that in the decade 1911 – 21, a decrease in population was recorded. Main causes of this decrease were drought and the outbreak of epidemic. After 1991, the population growth rate is decreasing because of the success of the family welfare programs. This is an indicator of the economic development of the state. The period of population growth in Rajasthan is divided into 3 parts:
1. Slow population growth period (1901 – 1941):
Due to droughts, outbreak of epidemic and lack of health – related facilities, slow population growth was seen.
2. Medium Population Growth Period (1941 – 1971):
During this period, death rate was less in proportion to birth rate. Main reasons were development of irrigated land, economic development and the availability of health – related facilities.
3. Rapid Population Growth Period (After 1971):
During this time period, population increased rapidly due to notable decrease in death rate and stability of birth rate. Death rate decreased due to economic progress and the betterment of health – related facilities. But due to some social evils like child marriage, superstition and backwardness, birth rate could not be reduced as estimated.
In 2013, birth rate was 25.6 per 1000, while death rate decreased and remained at 6.5 per 1000, and because all of these reasons population increased rapidly. In the districts of Barmer, Jaisalmer, Jodhpur, Jaipur and Jalore, population growth rate was more than 26 per 1000. In the districts of Sri Ganganagar, Jhunjhunu, Pali and Bundi, population growth rate was less than 16 per thousand, and in the remaining districts, it was between 16 to 26 per thousand.
Map Based Questions
Question 1.
Show the population density in Rajasthan in the map.
Answer:
Question 2.
Show the sex – ratio in Rajasthan in a map.
Answer:
Question 3.
Show the tribal abundance region on the map of Rajasthan.
Answer:
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