From the Rulers to the Ruled Types of Governments Class 7 Extra Questions and Answers SST Chapter 9

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From the Rulers to the Ruled Types of Governments Class 7 Extra Question Answer

From the Rulers to the Ruled Types of Governments Class 7 Important Questions

From the Rulers to the Ruled Types of Governments Class 7 Very Short Question Answer

Question 1.
‘Government of the people, by the people, for the people,’ who gave this definition of democracy?
Answer:
Abraham Lincoln

Question 2.
By whom was the Rajatarangini composed?
Answer:
Rajatarangini was composed by Kashmiri scholar Kalhana.

Question 3.
Based on linguistic and cultural characteristics of the Roma or Romani people, which country have scholars determined as their original homeland?
Answer:
India.

Question 4.
Name one country of a theocratic form of government in the present time.
Answer:
Vatican City.

Question 5.
“Germany should rule the world because of its superiority.” Who believed this?
Answer:
Adolf Hitler.

Question 6.
Who was military dictator of Uganda?
Answer:
Idi Amin.

Question 7.
Name the country where the combination of both theocratic and democratic systems of governance coexist at present.
Answer:
Islamic Republic of Iran.

Question 8.
Which country is an example of an oligarchy?
Answer:
Ancient Greece.

Question 9.
What are people called who analyse and share their opinions about political events on them?
Answer:
Political commentators.

Question 10.
Write about one issue facing democracy.
Answer:
Excessive control by a few over democratic institutions.

Question 11.
Which war did Hitler become the main cause of?
Answer:
World War II.

Question 12.
What are the functions of Government?
Answer:
Legislative function, Executive function, and Judicial function.

Question 13.
What is Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
Universal adult franchise grants every citizen above a certain age the right to vote to choose their representative.

Question 14.
What does government accountability mean in a democracy?
Answer:
Accountability in democracy means that the government is answerable to the people.

Question 15.
How often are general elections held in India?
Answer:
In India, general elections are held every five years.

Question 16.
What are the lower and upper houses of the legislature called in India?
Answer:
In India, the lower house is called the Lok Sabha, and the upper house is called the Rajya Sabha.

Question 17.
How often are general elections held in the United States of America?
Answer:
In the United States of America, general elections are held every four years.

From the Rulers to the Ruled Types of Governments Class 7 Short Question Answer

Question 1.
What is meant by the executive?
Answer:
Executive-The executive is the organ of the government which is responsible for implementing the law. In democratic governments, the election process for this is different in different countries.

Question 2.
What is meant by the Legislature?
Answer:
The legislature is the body of the government which is responsible for making laws. In India, it is called Parliament; in the USA, it is called Congress. In most democracies, it has two houses, (a) the Upper House and (b) the Lower House.

Question 3.
How is Upper House and Lower House formed?
Answer:
Formation of Upper House and Lower House-In most countries, members of the lower house are elected through direct voting, while the upper house is formed either by election or nomination.

Question 4.
What is meant by Separation of Power?
Answer:
Separation of Power- Separation of Power means that the three organs of the government- Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary-work independently and do not interfere in each other’s functions.

Question 5.
What type of governance system was the republic?
Answer:
Some of the ancient kingdoms of India had a republican form of government. This was a system of government in which the head of state is elected and is not a hereditary monarch.

Question 6.
What is meant by Direct democracy?
Answer:
Direct democracy-Direct democracy is a form of democracy where all the citizens of a country are directly responsible for all the rules, regulations and functions. They participate in all the decisions directly.

Question 7.
Who was called slave?
Answer:
Slave-A slave was a person who was forced to work for and obey another person, and was also considered the property of that particular person.

Question 8.
What is meant by Sovereign?
Answer:
Sovereign-The term sovereign is used to describe a country. The term ” sovereign ” means that the country is supreme in its internal affairs and independent in its external affairs.

From the Rulers to the Ruled Types of Governments Class 7 Long Question Answer

Question 1.
What is Democracy?
Answer:
Democracy- Democracy is defined as the ‘rule of the people’. Abraham Lincoln defined it as a ‘government of the people, by the people, for the people’. This means that in a democracy, the people elect their representatives to govern themselves, and these representatives are accountable to the people for their actions.

Question 2.
What is the difference between direct democracy and representative democracy?
Answer:
Direct democracy is a form of democracy where all the citizens of a country are directly responsible for all the rules, regulations and functions. The citizens participate in all the decisions directly Whereas Representative democracy is the form of democratic government in which the people elect their representatives through voting. In this form of democracy, the people do not directly govern.

Question 3.
Elections are an integral part of representative democracy.
Answer:
Firstly, in a representative democracy, the people elect their representatives through elections to govern for a fixed term Secondly, through elections, the people can change the government according to their choices. Thirdly, Elections are held at regular and fixed intervals. In India, we have general elections every five years, while in the United States of America, they occur every four years.

Question 4.
What do the littaramerur inscription tell us about the election process during the
Chola period?
Answer:
The Uttaramerur inscription gives us the following information-

• It informs that the voice of the common people has been valued in India through the ages.
• It provides us details about the elections of members to the village sabha.
• Sealed ballot boxes were used for voting
• Qualifications of members, their duties and the conditions that could lead to their dismissal arc also mentioned.

Question 5.
In the Shanti Parva of the Mahâbhrata. What advice did Bhishma give to Yudhisthira regarding good governance, justice, and the moral duties of a king?
Answer:
Bhishma gave following advices-

• He said that the ruler’s (king’s) highest a priority is the welfare of his subjects
• He must apply the law without bias to ensure fairness and equality
• He must not get attached to power.
• He must seek guidance from wise advisors to ensure just and well-informed decisions.
• He must understand that his authority is temporary and bound by dharma.

Question 6.
Describe the characteristics of the republic system of government in the Mahajanapadas of ancient India.
Answer:
Characteristics of republic rule in the Mahajanapadas of ancient India-

• In the Mahajanapadas, the rulers were kings.
• Kings were guided by the sabha or samiti and were expected to take decisions and advice of these institutions seriously.
• During the era of empires, although kings acquired immense power, they relied on a vast system of ministers and officials to govern.
• In many cases, the king also sought the advice of learnt scholars on matters related to dharma.
• The king was expected to make decisions while staying within the limits of rajadharma and ensuring the welfare of all people. However, not all kings were able to achieve this ideal in practice.

Question 7.
Describe the main forms of representative democratic government and discuss their characteristics.
Answer:
The main forms of representative democratic government are-
(a) Parliamentary democracy and the
(b) Presidential democracy.

(a) Characteristics of Parliamentary democracy-

• In Parliamentary democracy, people elect only the legislature, not the executive.
• In such a government, selected members of the legislature become ministers. Thus, members of the executive are also part of the legislature.
• The Council of Ministers is accountable to the legislature and continues working as long as they have the confidence of the legislature.
• In this system, the judiciary functions independently of both the legislature and the executive.

(b) Characteristics of Presidential democracy-

• The executive works independently of the legislature.
• The President is elected by people.
• The President does not need to have the confidence of the legislature for his/her position.

Question 8.
How many parts of government are there? Describe them.
Answer:
There are three main parts of governments-

1. Executive,
2. Legislature, and
3. Judiciary.

These are described as follows-
1. Executive-The executive is the organ of the government which is responsible for implementing law. Generally, in countries with a parliamentary system of government, the executive branch is formed from among the members of the legislature. Broadly speaking, the leader of the party that holds a majority in the lower house is appointed as the Prime Minister.

2. Legislature-The legislature is the body of the government which is responsible for making laws. It is known by different names in different countries. In India, it is called Parliament; in the USA, it is called Congress. In most democracies, it has two houses Upper House and the Lower House.

3. Judiciary-The judiciary in almost all governments functions independently of the legislature and the executive. It also does not interfere in the functions of the other branches.

Question 9.
Explain the monarchical system of government in detail.
Answer:
Monarchy-A monarchy is the type of government that is ruled by a monarch. A Monarch exercises their sovereign power. Monarchies are usually hereditary; typically, the eldest son of the ruling monarch becomes the next king.

There are two types of monarchy-
(a) Absolute monarchy and
(b) Constitutional monarchy.

(a) Absolute monarchy-In an absolute monarchy, the monarch has complete authority to make and enforce laws, ensuring that they are followed and adjudicating when they are not. Example-Saudi Arabia.

(b) Constitutional monarchy-In this system of government, the head of state is a king or queen, who holds only nominal power. The real power of the executive is exercised by the Prime Minister. The legislative power is exercised by the Parliament. Example-Britain.

Question 10.
Explain Theocracy, Dictatorship, and Oligarchy as different forms of government.
Answer:
(i) Theocracy-In this system of government, the country is ruled by the rules of religion and religious leaders. Example: Islamic Republic of Iran. Here, there is a combination of both theocratic and democratic systems of government; constitution is based on the fundamental principles of Islam; the supreme leader, appointed by a group of Islamic clerics, holds ultimate authority over all three branches of government; and a parliament take care of everyday governance.

(ii) Dictatorship-In this form of government, a person, or a small group, possesses absolute power. The Constitution cannot impose any limit on ruler. Example-Germany (Adolf Hitler), Uganda (Idi Amin).

(iii) Oligarchy-It is a type of government where a small, powerful group makes all the important decisions. Example-ancient Greece.

Question 11.
What important role does the government play in our lives?
Answer:
The government plays following important role in our lives-

• It maintains law and order in society.
• Ensures peace, stability, and security for the people.
• It manages relationships with other countries and takes care of national defence.
• It delivers essential goods and services like education, healthcare, and infrastructure.
• It manages the economy and economic activities.
• It works for the welfare and improving people’s lives.

Question 12.
Explain the fundamental principles of democracy.
Answer:
Fundamental principles of democracy are-

• Equality-It means that every person has the right to be treated equally and everyone should have equal access to facilities like education and health, and that everyone is equal before the law.
• Freedom-It means that citizens have the right to make their own choices and express their opinions.
• Representative participation-It means every person has a right to choose and elect their representatives.
• Universal adult franchise-It grants every citizen (above a certain age) the right to vote to choose their representative.
• Fundamental rights-In a democracy, citizens are granted certain fundamental rights, such as-right to equality, right to freedom of speech and expression, and right against exploitation.
• Independent judiciary-It ensures that every citizen’s fundamental rights are protected, and that laws are followed by the citizens and also by all the parts of the government.