Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Rajasthan: Minerals and Industries
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Text Book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The percentage of livestock wealth in Rajasthan of the country is:
(a) 10 per cent
(b) 30 per cent
(c) 35 per cent
(d) 40 per cent
Answer:
(a) 10 per cent
Question 2.
Kankrej breed is found in:
(a) Jalore
(b) Sirohi
(c) Pali
(d) In all these
Answer:
(d) In all these
Question 3.
Gopal program is for the development of:
(a) Camel
(b) Horse
(c) neat cattle
(d) Sheep
Answer:
(c) neat cattle
Question 4.
Most of the sheep are found in:
(a) Pali
(b) Nagaur
(c) Bikaner
(d) Jodhpur
Answer:
(d) Jodhpur
Question 5.
How many types of minerals are found in Rajasthan?
(a) 44
(b) 67
(c) 23
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) 67
Question 6.
The largest mines of lead – Zinc production is in:
(a) Deyari
(b) Alwar
(c) Kho – Dariba
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) Deyari
Question 7.
Tungsten is found in which district?
(a) Ajmer
(b) Nagaur
(c) Bhilwara
(d) Sirohi
Answer:
(b) Nagaur
Question 8.
Which of the following district (s) is/are developed from industrial point of view?
(a) Jaipur
(b) Kota
(c) Sriganganagar
(d) All these
Answer:
(d) All these
Question 9.
The first cotton textile mill was set up in:
(a) Beawar
(b) Kishangarh
(c) Bhilwara
(d) Pali
Answer:
(a) Beawar
Question 10.
Krishna Mill is situated in:
(a) Ajmer
(b) Jaipur
(c) Beawar
(d) Bhilwara
Answer:
(c) Beawar
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 11.
From which ore is tungsten obtained?
Answer:
Tungsten is obtained from the ore named wolframite (Fe, Mn) WO4.
Question 12.
How many types of minerals are extracted in Rajasthan?
Answer:
About 67 (44 major and 23 secondary) types of minerals are extracted in Rajasthan.
Question 13.
What for is Chanderiya famous?
Answer:
Chanderiya in Chittogarh is famous for the largest super zinc – smelter project of Asia. It was set up with the collaboration of Great Britain.
Question 14.
Where is seven – colored marble found in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Seven – colored marble is found in district Pali in Rajasthan.
Question 15.
At what place in India does Rajasthan stand with view – point of mineral deposits?
Answer:
With view – point of mineral deposits, Rajasthan ranks second after Jharkhand in India.
Question 16.
Name main cotton producing districts in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Main cotton producing districts in Rajasthan are – Hanumangarh, Sriganganagar Rajsamand, Udaipur, Bhilwara and Jhalawar.
Question 17.
In which city of Rajasthan was first cotton textile industry set up?
Answer:
The first cotton textile industry was set up in the city of Beawar, district in Ajmer.
Question 18.
Name the raw materials used in cement industry.
Answer:
The raw materials used in cement industry are limestone and gypsum.
Question 19.
Name the districts in which the cows of Gir breed are mainly found.
Answer:
In Rajasthan, the cows of Gir breed are found mainly in the districts of Ajmer, Bhilwara, Pali and Chittorgarh.
Question 20.
When did Operation Flood start in dairy industry in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, Operation Flood was started in 1970 for development of dairy industry.
Question 21.
Which districts in Rajasthan are famous for Gota industry?
Answer:
For Gota industry, two districts Ajmer and Jaipur are famous.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 22.
Why is Rajasthan called the Museum of Minerals?
Answer:
Rajasthan is a state rich in minerals. About 67 minerals are found in this state. With view – point of minerals, it ranks second in India, while it stands third in mining. By virtue of abundant, quantity of minerals in Rajasthan, it is called the museum of minerals.
Question 23.
Name the minerals of the state which amount to more than 75 per cent of the total production of the country.
Answer:
Rajasthan has 89.2 per cent of total reserves of lead and zinc minerals in India. Rajasthan has a monopoly in the production of lead and zinc. About 80.80 per cent of silver deposits of the country are present in Rajasthan. Besides this, minerals like Wollastonite, tungsten etc. are also found in Rajasthan in large quantity. Rajasthan also has a monopoly in the production of non – metallic minerals like fluorite, gypsum, marble, asbestos, soap stone, rock – phosphate, etc.
Question 24.
Name main copper producing districts of the state.
Answer:
In context to copper production, Rajasthan stands second in the country. The copper mines in Rajasthan are found in several districts. The leading districts of copper production are Jhunjhunu (Khetri – Singhana), Jaipur (Neem Ka thana, and Alwar (Kho – Dariba). Some other districts like Bhilwara (Pur Agucha and Gulabpura), Udaipur (Devari, Salumbar, Relmagra) and Churu (Beedasar) are also important.
Question 25.
Describe the production of petroleum in the State of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Mainly, petroleum remains stored among the sedimentary rocks. In Rajasthan, petroleum is found in Bikaner, Jaisalmer, west Jodhpur, etc. districts. There are large reservoirs in Gudinamalani area, Barmer – Sanchore Basin of Barmer district, Tanot, Ghotaru, Dadewala, Sadewala, Manihari Tibba and Longewala areas of Jaisalmer, and Mayajalar area of Jodhpur. Rajasthan State Petroleum Corporation Limited has been constituted for the research, production, refinement, distribution and transportation of petroleum.
Question 26.
Describe the obstacles in Industrial development in the state of Rajasthan.
Answer:
In Rajasthan, the detrimental factors in industrial development are:
- Insufficient supply of raw materials.
- Lack of proper power supply.
- Dry climate.
- Irregular supply of electricity.
- Old and small – sized machinery.
- Shortage of capital.
- Shortage of skilled labour.
- Lack of the means of transportation and communication.
Question 27.
Name chief cement producing centers in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rajasthan stands second in the country in cement production. The very first cement factory in Rajasthan was established at Lakheri (Bundi) in 1915 by the Associated Cement Companies Limited (A.C.C.). Main centres of cement production are Chittorgarh, Dabok (Udaipur), Chanderiya, Nimbahera (Chittorgarh), Modak (Kota), Beawar (Ajmer), Kota, Ras (Pali), Pindwara (Sirohi), Gotan (Nagaur), Khariya Khangar (Jodhpur), Out of these, most of the factories have good name and fame in India and abroad. There is J.K. white cement factory in Gotan and Birla white cement factory is in Kharia Khangar (Bhopalgarh – Jodhpur).
Question 28.
Name the dairy development programmes operating in the state of Rajasthan.
Answer:
The Rajasthan Co – operative Dairy Federation Limited (RCDF) was set up in Rajasthan. The dairy development program is being operated through the cooperative societies. Under this program, 12631 primary milk producing societies were attached to the leading cooperative milk Federation of Jaipur by December 2012, RCDF (Rajasthan Cooperative Dairy Federation) was set up in 1977. The nutritious fodder is provided to the milch animals by this federation. The dairy federation also produces various milk products as – Ghee, Butter, Paneer, Milk Powder, Curd, Ice cream etc.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Essay Type Questions
Question 29.
Describe important metallic minerals found in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The minerals containing metals are called metallic minerals. Main metallic minerals found in Rajasthan are given below:
1. Copper:
In copper production, Rajasthan stands at second place in the country. In Rajasthan, copper refinery plant named Hindustan Copper Limited is situated in Khetri.
Copper producing regions:
Main copper producing areas in Rajasthan are Khetri – Singhana (Jhunjhunu), Neem ka Thana (Jaipur) and Kho – Dariba (Alwar). Some other copper mines are also found in Bhilwara, Udaipur and Churu.
Utilisation:
Copper is used in making of electrical equipments and in chemical industry.
2. Lead – Zinc:
Rajasthan has a monopoly in the production of lead-zinc metals. 89.2 per cent of total reserves of lead-zinc in the country are found in Rajasthan.
Main producting regions:
In Rajasthan, lead – zinc is obtained from Zavar (Udaipur), Rajpura and Dariba (Rajsamand), Rampura – Agucha and Gulabpura (Bhilwara). Besides these, some other lead – zinc production areas are Chauth ka Barwara (Sawai Madhopur) and Gudha Kishori Das (Alwar). Most of lead – zinc is obtained from Zawar (Udaipur). “Hindustan Zinc Smelter Limited” factory is situated in Devari (Udaipur). Another factory “Super Zinc Smelter Project was established in Chanderiya (Chittorgarth) with the collaboration of Britain.
3. Tungsten:
It is a metal of strategic importance. 75 per cent tungsten of total production of the country is obtained from Rajasthan.
Main producting regions:
Major deposits of tungsten in Rajasthan are found in Rewat and Bhakri of Degana in Nagaur district, and Baida region of Sirohi district. Apart from this, Tungsten deposits are also found in Amartiya of Dungarpur district, Run of Udaipur district, Bharatiya of Pali district and Ladera – Sankun regions of Ajmer district.
4. Silver:
In Rajasthan, 80.8. per cent of silver reserves of the country are found. By the year 2009 – 10, total production of silver in Rajasthan was 47682 kg.
Main producting regions:
Chief silver producing regions in Rajasthan are Zawar mines and the mountain range of Zawar. Silver is separated from the mixure of lead – zinc in Hindustan Zinc Smelter Limited, Debari (Udaipur).
Question 30.
Describe cotton textile industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Cotton textile is the traditional industry of Rajasthan. Most of rural population is engaged in this industry. The first cotton textile mill in Rajasthan is “The Krishna Mills Limited”, which was set up in Beawar in 1889 by Seth Damodar Das Vyas in the private sector. After this, many cotton texitile mills were established. The largest cotton textile mill in Rajasthan is Maharaja Ummed Singh Mills, Pali.
Leading Cotton Textiles Mills in Rajasthan:
Most of cotton textile mills of Rajasthan are set up in Kishanganj. Vijaynagar, Gulabpura, Jaipur, Bhawani Mandi, Kota, Udaipur, Bhilwara, etc. regions. With cotton textile point of view, Bhilwara is called the Manchester of Rajasthan. It is also famous as cotton textile city. Important cotton textile mills in Rajasthan are:
- Rajasthan Spinning and Weaving Mills Gulabpura (Bhilwara).
- Shardul Textiles Limited, Sriganganagar.
- Krishna Mills Limited, Beawar (Ajmer)
- Shri Mahalaxmi Mills, Beawar (Ajmer)
- Edward Mills, Beawar (Ajmer)
- Aditya Mills Limited, Kishanganj (Ajmer)
- Mewar Textile Mills, Bhilwara
- Maharaja Ummed Singh Mills, Pali.
- Rajasthan Textiles Mills, Bhawani Mandi
- Rajasthan Co – operative Mills, Gulabpura
- Vijaynagar Cotton Mills, Vijaynagar
- Banswara Syntex, Banswara
- Mayur Mills Limited, Banswara.
- Rajasthan Spinning and Weaving Mills Limited, Rishabhdev, etc.
In Rajasthan, most of textiles mills were set up with the help of “The Rajasthan State Industrial Development and Investment Corporation Limited”. At present, there are 28 textiles mills in Rajasthan.
The problems of cotton textile industry in Rajasthan:
Although, a frequent increase in the number of cotton textile mills can be seen everywhere in Rajasthan, yet, the industry has been facing several problems here such as:
- Problem of proper supply of raw material.
- Dry climate.
- Irregular and inadequate supply of power.
- Old and small sized machinery.
- Lack of Capital.
- Shortage of skilled labour.
- Lack of means of transportation and communication.
The cloth produced in Rajasthan is not only supplied in the country but also exported to Nepal, Bangladesh, and several African countries.
Question 31.
Write a geographical essay on “Cattle rearing” in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Due to dry climate in Rajasthan, agriculture could not undergo much development as it was expected. So, ranching has an Emportant place in the economy of Rajasthan. According to animal counting 2012, there was 577.32 lakh livestock in Rajasthan. In the year of 2012, number of neat cattle in Rajasthan was 133.24 lakhs. 8 per cent of cows in India are found in Rajasthan.
Main neat cattle – areas in Rajasthan:
Most of neat cattle are found in the districts of Udaipur and Chittorgarh and minimum number of cows in Rajasthan are seen in Dholpur. As an industry, Cattle rearing has also developed in the desert regions like, Barmer, Nagaur, Bikaner, Sriganganagar, Churu, Hanumangarh, etc.
Main factors that support development of cattle rearing in these areas are:
- Lack of other means of live hood.
- Availability of meadows in the rainy season.
- Availability of nutritious Sevan grass.
- An experience of traditional occupation.
- Shifting according to climate.
- Availability of enough supply of water through Indira Gandhi Canal, etc.
Distribution of different neat cattle breeds in Rajasthan:
Chief breeds of neat cattle and their areal distribution:
Neat cattle Breeds | Area/Districts |
Gir | Ajmer, Bhilwara, Pali, and Chittorgarh. |
Tharparkar | Origin Place: Malani region of Jaisalmer, Barmer, Jodhpur, Bikaner and Jalore. |
Nagauri | Origin Place: Suhalak area of Nagaur, Jodhpur (east-north part) and Nokha (Bikaner) |
Rathi | Bikaner, Sriganganagar, Jaisalmer, Churu |
Kankrej | Origin Place: Rann of Kutch in Gujarat, Jalore, and Jodhpur. |
Hariyana | Sikar, Jhunjhunu, Sriganganagar, Hanumangarh, Alwar, Bharatpur. |
Malvi | Origin Place: Malwa region of Madhya Pradesh, Major regions: Jhalawar, Baran, Kota, Chittorgarh. |
Sanchori | Sanchore, Sirohi.and Udaipur |
Mewati (Kothi) | Alwar and Bharatpur. |
At present, more milch cows of breeds jersey, Holstein and Red Dane are also being reared.
The Efforts of culture of neat cattle:
In Rajasthan, following steps have been taken for the improvement of cattle breed:
- Country neat cattle breed improvement program.
- Cattle rearing program and Kamdhenu Yojana.
- The setting up of central government and state cattle breeding centers.
- Provision of grant for cowsheds operated by voluntary organisations.
- Breed – improvement plan by artificial insemination.
- Setting – up of balanced fodder units.
- Modernization of cowsheds and providing essential medical facilities.
- Distribution of the best breed calves.
- Grants at minimum interest rate.
- Production and marketing of dairy products.
- Arrangement of animal fairs.
Question 32.
Write a note on cottage industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
An industry whose labour force consists of family units or individuals working at home with their hands or their own simple equipment is called cottage industry. It may include many poducers working from their homes, typically part time.
Classification of Cottage Industry:
On the basis of raw-materials used, cottage industries are classified as:
1. Agriculture – based cottage industries:
Handicraft, jaggery, raw – sugar, dye making, printing, carpet making, oil – mill etc.
2. Minerals – based cottage industries:
Marble, gold, silver – ornaments making (gold smith), making of knives and seissors and making metallic wires.
3. Livestock – based cottage industries:
Shoe – making, leather bag-making, bone – grinding, woolen cloth making, making ivory goods, etc.
4. Forest – products based cottage industries:
Catechu, bidi, sealing – wax, wax, gum, paper, bamboo baskets, making wooden toys, etc.
Leading cottage industries in the state are:
1. Oil and Vegetable Ghee Industry:
Due to plentiful production of oil seeds, the industry of oil and vanaspati ghee has developed in the districts of Jaipur, Bharatpur, Sawai Madhopur, Sriganganagar, Kota, Bundi and Ajmer. The Engine brand mustard oil of Bharatpur and Veer Balak-mark oil of Jaipur have good name and fame in the country and abroad. The famous centres of vegetable ghee production are Jaipur, Niwai, Bhilwara and Chittorgarh.
2. Binding, Printing and Coloring Industry:
With the help of wood – cut dyes, and using natural and chemical colours, the work of printing and colouring is mainly in the districts of Barmer, Balotra, Bagru, Sanganer, Akola, Sawai Madhopur, Nathdwara, Pali, Pipar and Udaipur. Ajrakh Print of Barmer and Printing of Chittorgarh is quite famous. The Bandhej work in Jodhpur and Lahanga Orhni work in Jaipur is done at large scale.
3. Khadi Industry:
The khadi – based cottage industry is operating at large in the districts of Jaipur, Kota, Dausa, Bharatpur. Khadi Rural Industry Board is doing its best to promote the khadi industry in the state.
4. Animal – based Industry:
Leather industry, woollen textile industry, dairy-product based industry, bone – powder industry are included under it. Woollen textile is the leading animal-based industry. Mills in which woollen thread is manufactured are situated in Bikaner, Churu, Ladnu, and Kota.
In woollen Khadi, Bardi (Jacket) of Jaisalmer, woollen blankets of Bikaner and khes (bed – sheets) of Chaumu are very famous. Mojri (country made shoes) and Jutiyan made of leather are manufactured in Nagaur, Sirohi, Bhinmal, Tonk, Jodhpur and Jaipur.
5. Forest products – based Industry:
Under this industry, Bidi, Match – box, bamboo, catechu, gum, sealing wax, honey wax and paper are included. Bidi industry is being operated in Tonk, Bhilwara, Ajmer, and Beawar. Matchboxes are made in Ajmer and Alwar, Bamboo-based goods are made in Jaipur and Ajmer. Sealing wax is produced in Kota, Bundi, Jhalawar, Udaipur, and Chittorgarh. Ghosunda and Sanganer are famous for paper industry.
6. Mineral – based Industry:
More then 9000 units of mineral – based industry are registered in Rajasthan. Under this industry, manufacturing of marble tiles, manufacturing of clay items, manufacturing of cement – net, sanitaryware, etc are included. In Jaipur, Sirohi, Jaisalmer, Makrana, Kishangarh, Ajmer and Jaisamand, toys and statues are made of marble.
7. Handloom Industry:
Handloom industry is very important in the state. Woollen shawls, Kota’s laces, sarees, khes (bedsheets), carpets, niwar are manufactured in several districts of Rajasthan. Besides this, artificial silk is also made in Kota, Udaipur, Banswara, etc. State government is also trying to promote the industry of artificial silk.
Map Based Questions
Question 33.
Show main minerals and industries on the map of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Question 34.
Show different breeds of cows on the map of Rajasthan.
Answer:
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Additional Questions with Answers
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Aluminium is obtained from:
(a) Iron ore
(b) Manganese
(c) Mica
(d) Bauxite
Answer:
(d) Bauxite
Question 2.
Which of the following is not a metallic mineral:
(a) Copper
(b) Silver
(c) Tungsten
(d) Gypsum
Answer:
(d) Gypsum
Question 3.
Rajasthan ranks at which place in India in copper production:
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:
(b) Second
Question 4.
The highest producing area of lead – zinc in Rajasthan is:
(a) Zavar region
(b) Gulabpura area
(c) Rampura – Agucha area
(d) Chauth ka Barwara area
Answer:
(a) Zavar region
Question 5.
Which of these cities is called the Manchester of Rajasthan or the textile city, from viewpoint of textiles?
(a) Udaipur
(b) Jaipur
(c) Bhilwara
(d) Ajmer
Answer:
(c) Bhilwara
Question 6.
For which industry is Lakheri in Rajasthan famous:
(a) Cotton textile industry
(b) Woolen textile industry
(c) Cottage industry
(d) Cement industry
Answer:
(d) Cement industry
Question 7.
Which of the districts in Rajasthan has the least number of neat cattle.
(a) Udaipur
(b) Kota
(c) Chittorgarh
(d) Dholpur
Answer:
(d) Dholpur
Question 8.
According to census 2011, the percentage of rural population in Rajasthan is:
(a) 60.5
(b) 75.2
(c) 98.6
(d) 77.5
Answer:
(b) 75.2
Question 9.
Which of the following breeds of cow is famous as Kamdhenu of Rajasthan.
(a) Gir
(b) Nagauri
(c) Rathi
(d) Hariyanavi
Answer:
(c) Rathi
Question 10.
Which of the following is a forest product – based industry:
(a) Granite industry
(b) Marble industry
(c) Woolen textile industry
(d) Bidi industry
Answer:
(d) Bidi industry
Question 11.
In Rajasthan which district is famous for Bandhej sarees?
(a) Jodhpur
(b) Kota
(c) Shahpur
(d) Udaipur
Answer:
(a) Jodhpur
Match the Following
Question 1.
Match the Column A with Column B:
Column A (Producing Area) | Column B (Minerals) |
(i) Khetri – Singhana | (a) Lead – Zinc |
(ii) Rampur – Agucha | (b) Gypsum |
(iii) Rewat & Bhakri | (c) Copper |
(iv) Makrana | (d) Tungsten |
(v) Phalsund – Manglod | (e) Marble |
Answer:
(i) – (c), (ii) – (a), (iii) – (d), (iv) – (e), (v) – (b).
Question 2.
Match the Column A with Column B:
Column A (Neat Cattle) | Column B (Related Area) |
(i) Gir | (a) Nagaur |
(ii) Tharparkar | (b) Bikaner |
(iii) Nagauri | (c) Sirohi |
(iv) Rathi | (d) Jhalawar |
(v) Malvi | (e) Jaisalmer |
(vi) Sanchori | (f) Ajmer |
Answer:
(i) – (f), (ii) – (e), (iii) – (a), (iv) – (b), (v) – (d), (iv) – (c).
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Mention any two bases of industrial development.
Answer:
These are two bases of industrial development:
- Availability of enough quantity of minerals.
- quality of minerals.
Question 2.
What is mining?
Answer:
The process of exploration of minerals from the crust of the earth, is called mining.
Question 3.
What do you understand by ore?
Answer:
An ore is a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted profitably.
Question 4.
Name important energy – minerals.
Answer:
Coal, petroleum and natural gas are important energy minerals.
Question 5.
Name the state which is called the Museum of Minerals in India.
Answer:
In India, Rajasthan is called the Museum of Minerals due to availability of large quantity of different types of minerals.
Question 6.
Name the minerals in which Rajasthan enjoys monopoly in production.
Answer:
Rajasthan enjoys monopoly in the production of minerals like Wollastonite, jasper, zinc, lead, fluorite, gypsum, marble, asbestos, rock – phosphate, etc.
Question 7.
Name any two metallic minerals obtained from Rajasthan.
Answer:
Copper and lead – zinc are two metallic minerals which are obtained from Rajasthan.
Question 8.
Where is copper – smelter plant situated in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The copper – smelter plant in Rajasthan is Hindustan Copper Limited situated in Khetri.
Question 9.
According to recent geological survey, where have new copper reserves been found in Rajasthan?
Answer:
According to recent geological survey, new copper reserves have been found in Banno Walon ki Dhani.
Question 10.
With which rock is the deposition of lead – zinc associated in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, the deposition of lead – zinc is associated with archean and proterozoic period rocks.
Question 11.
When and where was the largest super zinc smelter plant of Asia set up?
Answer:
The largest super zink smelter plant of Asia was set up at Chanderiya (Chittorgarh) in Rajasthan in 2005 with the collaboration of Great Britain.
Question 12.
Name two by – products, obtained from the smelting of zinc.
Answer:
From the smelting of zinc we get two by products:
- Super phosphate, and
- Cadmium.
Question 13.
What are the important uses of lead and zinc metals?
Answer:
The metals lead and zinc are used to make gunpowder, aircraft and brass.
Question 14.
The mining of tungsten in Rajasthan has been stopped, why?
Answer:
At present, the imported tungsten is much cheaper than that of mined in Rajasthan. So, its mining has been stopped.
Question 15.
Which stone of Rajasthan is world famous?
Answer:
The Makrana marble of Rajasthan is world famous.
Question 16.
Name three monuments, which are built of Makrana marble.
Answer:
The monuments, built of Makrana marble are:
- Red – Fort in Agra.
- Taj Mahal.
- Victoria Memorial.
Question 17.
Name the different colours of marble and their regions of deposit.
Answer:
In Rajasthan, marbles of different colours are found. Green marble in Udaipur, black in Bhainslana, pink in Jalore and Banswara, yellow in Jaisalmer, white in Makrana and seven- coloured marble is obtained from Pali.
Question 18.
What is the most important use of gypsum?
Answer:
Gypsum is used in production of fertilizers. This is its most important use.
Question 19.
Name main region of mineral oil deposit in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Main mineral oil deposits in Rajasthan are found in Gudamalani area in Barmer.
Question 20.
Why is the conservation of minerals necessary?
Answer:
Minerals are natural resources. After millions of years, they have taken form. So, to ensure their availability in future, their conservation is necessary.
Question 21.
What are the points of industrial policies in mining of minerals?
Answer:
The points of consideration related to mining of minerals are – destruction of forests, land eroison, environmental pollution, soil-erosion and decline of biodiversity.
Question 22.
How many district industrial centers and sub – centers are there in Rajasthan at present?
Answer:
At present, there are 36 district industrial centers and 7 sub – centers in Rajasthan.
Question 23.
When did the Rajasthan government make industrial policies?
Answer:
Rajasthan government made industrial policies in the years 1978, 1990, 1994 and 1998 for industrial development.
Question 24.
Name the first three cotton textile mills set up in Beawar in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Three cotton textiles mills set up in Beawar in Rajasthan are:
- The Krishna Mills Limited, 1889.
- Edward Mills Limited, 1906.
- Shri Mahalaxmi Mills Limited, 1925.
Question 25.
Name three cotton textile mills established before India got independence.
Answer:
Three cotton textile mills established before India got independence were:
- Mewar Textile Mills, Bhilwara, 1938.
- Maharaja Ummed Singh Mills Limited, Pali, 1942.
- Shardul Textile Limited, Ganganagar, 1946.
Question 26.
In which areas of Rajasthan did the primary localisation of cement industry take place?
Answer:
The primary localisation of cement industry took place in Rajasthan in the south eastern-districts of Bundi, Sawai Madhopur, Kota, Chittorgarh and Udaipur.
Question 27.
Describe the two main reasons of localisation of cement industry in the western districts of Rajasthan at present.
Answer:
At present, the localisation of cement industry is taking place in the western districts of Rajasthan. The main reasons for it are:
- Availability of water through canals.
- Availability of power supply through alternative sources.
Question 28.
When and where was the first cement factory in Rajasthan established?
Answer:
The first cement factory in Rajasthan was established at Lakheri (Bundi) in 1915 by ACC company.
Question 29.
Where are the factories J.K. White and Birala White Cement located in Rajasthan?
Answwer:
In Rajasthan, the factory of J.K. white cement is at Gotan (Nagaur) and Birla White Cement is at Kharia Khangar (Bhopalgarh, Jodhpur).
Question 30.
Describe the reasons for establishment of small cement factories in Rajasthan.
Answer:
At present, establishment of small cement factories in Rajasthan is being given priority. The main reasons are:
- Less production cost.
- Abundant availability of limestone.
- Least consumption of electricity.
Question 31.
Name two industries helpful in village development in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The helpful industries in village development in Rajasthan are:
- Dairy industry.
- Cottage industry.
Question 32.
Name the unit which was established in Rajasthan for the development of dairy industry.
Answer:
Rajasthan Co – operative Dairy Federation Limited was established for the development of dairy industry.
Question 33.
What is the function of Rajasthan state Co – operative Marketing Federation Limted (RAJ FAD)?
Answer:
Rajasthan State Co – operative Marketing Federation Limited has established an animal nutrition factory in Jaipur which provides excellent animal fodder.
Question 34.
What is the cattle density in Rajasthan?
Answer:
According to animal – counting 2012, the cattle density in Rajasthan is 169 animals per square kilometre.
Question 35.
Is neat cattle in crisis in Rajasthan at present time?
Answer:
At present, in Rajasthan, priority is given to buffalo – milk over the cow milk. That’s why the neat cattle is in trouble in Rajasthan.
Question 36.
Which breeds of neat cattle are found in Rajasthan.
Ansswer:
The breeds of neat cattle found in Rajasthan are Gir, Tharparkar, Nagauri, Rathi, Kankrej, Hariyanavi, Malvi, Sanchori, Mewati and some of foreign breeds.
Question 37.
Give any two suggestions for neat cattle development.
Answer:
At present, two suggestions for neat cattle development are:
- Proper and medical use of progeny – products like cow – dung, cow – urine, etc.
- A proper and health some use of milk, butter, ghee, etc. obtained from cows.
Question 38.
Name any two agriculture – based cottage industries.
Answer:
Agriculture based cottage industries are:
- Bee – wax industry,
- Jaggery and raw sugar industry.
Question 39.
Name the mineral – based industries.
Answer:
Minerals – based industries are – cement industry, aluminium industry, iron and steel industry, etc.
Question 40.
Name any two famous handicraft industries of Jaipur.
Answer:
Two famous handicraft industries of Jaipur are:
- Chunariyan and lahariya industry and
- The industry of making marble-statues and idols.
Question 41.
Where is gota (silver or golden lace) industry in Rajasthan centralized?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, Gota (silver or golden lace) industry is centralized in Ajmer and Jaipur.
Question 42.
Name any two forest – products based industries.
Answer:
Forest products based industries are:
- Bidi – making industry.
- Paper making industry.
Question 43.
Where are the leather mojari and Jutiyan made in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The leather – Mojari and Jutiyans are made in Nagaur, Sirohi, Bhinmal, Tonk, Jodhpur and Jaipur.
Question 44.
What handicrafts is Udaipur famous for?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, Udaipur is famous for:
- Making wooden toys.
- making puppets.
Question 45.
In which districts are the marble toys, statues, and idols made in Rajasthan?
Answer:
In Rajasthan, marble – toys, statues and idols are made in the districts of Jaipur, Sirohi, Jaisalmer, Makrana, Ajmer and Rajsamand.
Question 46.
Dairy industry is also known as environment-friendly industry. Why?
Answer:
Dairy industry is very favorable to environment and pollution-less, so it is also known as environment – friendly industry.
Question 47.
Write the names of major textiles of India of ancient period.
Answer:
In ancient time, in India, muslin from Dhaka, Chintz from Masulipatnam, Calico from Calicut and Cotton clothes with golden embroidery from Surat and Vadodara were world famous.
Question 48.
Write the names of major cement companies operating in Rajasthan.
Answer:
At present, Birla, Ambuja, ACC, Bangur, Lakshmi, Wonder, etc. cement companies are operating in Rajasthan.
Question 49.
Write the names of districts of Rajasthan with maximum and minimum number of sheep.
Answer:
In Rajasthan, Jodhpur is the district with maximum number of sheep and Banswara is the district with minimum number of sheep.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-I)
Question 1.
Give a brief classification of minerals.
Answer:
Minerals are classified into the following three parts as given below:
1. Metallic minerals:
The minerals in which a sizeable ratio of metal is present, are called metallic minerals. Copper, lead – zinc, iron, silver, etc. are metallic minerals.
2. Non – metallic minerals:
The minerals which do not contain trace of any metal are called non – metallic minerals. Pyrite, diamond, gypsum, marble, etc. are non-metallic minerls.
3. Energy Minerals:
The minerals that supply energy are called energy minerals. Coal, petroleum, natural gas are energy minerals.
Question 2.
Name the plants which refine copper and lead – zinc in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The important plants for refining copper, lead – zinc in Rajasthan are:
- Hindustan Copper Smelter Limited, Khetri, (Jhunjhunu)
- Hindustan Zinc Smelter Limited, Debari, Udaipur, and
- Super – zinc Smelter Plant – Chanderiya, Chittorgarh.
Question 3.
Describe important uses of Tungsten.
Answer:
Tungsten is a non – metallic mineral, which has strategic importance. It is a heavy, hard substance with high melting point. Its main uses are:
- In making electric bulbs.
- In making steel strong.
- In cutting hard metals.
- In making weapons.
- In making equipments of radio, television, and X-ray machines.
- In dyeing and printing.
Question 4.
Match column A with column B:
Type of Marble | Production region |
(i) Green | (a) Makrana |
(ii) Black | (b) Udaipur |
(iii) Pink | (c) Pali |
(iv) Yellow | (d) Banswara |
(v) White | (e) Bhainslana |
(vi) Opalescent | (f) Jaisalmer |
Answer:
(i) – (b), (ii) – (e), (iii) – (d), (iv) – (f), (v) – (a), (vi) – (c).
Question 5.
Mention chief gypsum – producing regions in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The chief gypsum – producing areas in Rajasthan are:
- Nagaur Region – Goth, Manglod, Bhadwasi, Mangol.
- Churu – Bikaner Region – Jamsar, Lunkaransar, Taranagar.
- Jaisalmer – Barmer Region – Mohangarh, Hamirwas.
- Pali – Jodhpur region – Phalsund, Manglod.
Question 6.
Describe the important uses of gypsum.
Answer:
Gypsum is a non – metallic mineral. It is found in several regions of Rajasthan. The most important use of gypsum is to make fertilizers of different types. Besides, it is also used in making plaster of Paris, cement, color – paint, sulphur and several acids. It is also used in making ammonium sulphate.
Question 7.
Describe important areas of Rajasthan in which the reserves of petroleum are found.
Answer:
Important petroleum areas in Rajasthan are Bikaner, Jaisalmer, and western Jodhpur. Barmer, Sanchor – basin are also other areas of petroleum. The Cairn Energy India Limited, Great Britain based company, has the permit of mining petroleum in all areas of Gudamalani. The name of this petroleum mineral well is Rageshwari.
In the basin of Barmer-Sanchor, there are 31 wells, which have been dug for petroleum. In Jaisalmer, Tanot, Ghotaru, Dandewala, Sadewala, Manihari – Tibba and Longewala are the main petroleum areas. Recently, new reserves of petroleun have been found in the Mayajalar area of Jodhpur.
Question 8.
Mention fundamental elements of an industry.
Answer:
Industry is a secondary human activity. It is an indicator of gross development of a region or state or a country and high living standard of related population. The fundamental elements of an industry are:
- The availability of natural resources.
- Abundant power supply.
- Availablility of skilled, cheap and abundant labour.
- Developed technology.
- Availability of cheaper means of transportation and communication.
Question 9.
Describe the main objectives of “Rural Development Ministry” in Rajasthan.
Answer:
“The Rural development Ministry” was formed to remove poverty and backwardness from the rural areas in Rajasthan. Its main objectives are given below:
- Eradication of poverty.
- Economic and structural development.
- Even distribution of income.
- Removal of social – disparity.
- Planning for rural development to create employment opportunities.
Question 10.
What are the possibilities for development of cement industry in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Rajasthan is the most arid state of the country. Besides locally – available resources, dry climate is considered a very favorable factor for cement industry. Moreover, a large quantity of gypsum and limestone – the raw materials of cement industry – are available in Rajasthan. Using modern technology, the cement industry in Rajasthan can be greatly developed.
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Short Answer Type Questions (SA-II)
Question 1.
Describe the areas in Rajasthan, where copper is found in abundant quantity.
Answer:
On the basis of copper production, Rajasthan ranks second after Jharkhand in the country. The main copper producing areas in Rajasthan are given below:
- Jhunjhunu – Khetri, Singhana
- Alwar – Kho – Dariba
- Bhilwara – Puru, Agucha, And Gulabpura
- Udaipur – Debari, Salumbar, Railmagra
- Jaipur – Neem ka Thana
- Churu – Bidasar.
Question 2.
Which administrative steps have been taken for industrial development by the government of Rajasthan?
Answer:
At present, 36 district industrial development centres and 7 sub – centres are working in Rajasthan. For industrial development, a special ecomomic zone bill was passed in the legistative assembly in 2015. The central government has also given a slogan “Make in Rajasthan”. The state government has adopted several policies and has also established following agencies for industrial development in the state:
- Rajasthan Finance Corporation.
- Industries and Mineral Development Corporation.
- Rajasthan Small – scale Industries Corporation.
- Rajasthan Non – agricultural Development Corporation etc.
Question 3.
Name the programs started by central government and Rajasthan government for rural development in the state.
Answer:
In Rajasthan, following programs are being operated by central and state governments for rural development:
- Drought development program.
- Jivandhara yojana.
- Integrated rural development program.
- Development program for rural female population and children.
- Self – employment training program for youth.
- Program for prevention of drought.
- Anganwari centers for children’s education in rural areas.
- Native neat cattle breed – improvement program.
- Operation flood and green revolution program.
- Sheep – breed – improvement program.
- Bhamashah yojana.
- Prime – minister – road development program.
- Swarna Jayanti village self – employment plan.
- Swajal Dhara village self employment plan.
- Prime Minister Gramodaya plan.
- Village cleanliness program.
- Drinking water supply program in rural areas.
- Annapurna plan, etc.
Question 4.
Name important handicraft industries and their major centers in Rajasthan.
Answer:
The handicraft industry is one of the important productive sectors. Various attempts have been made to define this diversified industrial activity involving the making of decorative, domestic or other objects by hand.
Important handicraft-industries in Rajasthan are given below:
Handicraft Industry | Major Centres |
1. Doriya and masuriya sarees | 1. Kota |
2. Khesala Tukari | 2. Balotara, Faina |
3. Bandhej sarees | 3. Jodhpur |
4. Earthen Statues | 4. Molela village, Rajsamand |
5. Chunariyan and Lahariya | 5. Jaipur |
6. Marble idols and statues | 6. Jaipur |
7. Wooden toys | 7. Udaipur, Sawai Madhopur |
8. Farh Painting | 8. Shahpura |
9. Puppets | 9. Udaipur |
RBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter 24 Essay Type Questions
Question 1.
Describe cement industry in Rajasthan under the following headings:
(a) Reasons of localisation.
(b) Producing areas.
(c) Problems and solutions.
Answer:
Cement industry is an infrastructural industry, Cement is used for construction of buildings, bridges, roads and concrete sleepers. Rajasthan stands second in the country in cement production after Andhra Pradesh. The first cement factory in Rajasthan was set up in Lakheri (Bundi) in 1915 by ACC. At present, there are 19 large-scale cement factories, 4 medium sized and 104 small sized cement factories in Rajasthan.
Factors Responsible for Localisation:
Cement industry needs a lot of raw material, therefore cement industry is established in such areas where raw – materials (limestone and gypsum) are available in abundant quantity. There are reserves of 2.5 billion tons of limestone in Rajasthan. According to this viewpoint, Chittorgarh and Sawai Madhopur are most suitable districts for the localization of cement industry.
Important producing regions:
Following are major producing regions in Rajasthan.
Chittorgarh | Chanderiya, Nimbahera, Chittorgarh |
Udaipur | Dabok |
Kota | Modak |
Ajmer | Beawar |
Pali | Ras Kota |
Nagaur | Gotan |
Sirohi | Pindwara |
Jodhpur | Kharia Khangar |
The factories of white cement are situated in Gotan (Nagaur) and Kharia Khangar (Jodhpur). The number of cement factories is regularly increasing in western districts of the state in the last several years. Main reasons for this are availability of enough water through canals and sufficient power supply through alternative sources. At present times, establishment of small – scale units is given priority due to less power requirement and less production cost.
Problems of Cement Industry:
Chief problems of cement industry are:
- Old technique used in production.
- Shortage in coal supply.
- Irregular and insufficient supply of electricity.
- Lack of means of transportation.
- Insufficient demand.
- Shortage of capital.
Solution for development of industry:
The geological conditions in Rajasthan are very favorable to this industry. By using modern technology and by solving related problems, cement industry can be motivated and cement production can be increased at minimum cost.
Question 2.
Describe the cottage industries operating at small – scale in Rajasthan.
Answer:
There are some cottage industries in Rajasthan which can be easily developed with the help of little efforts and awareness. Such industries are described below:
1. Agriculture based and Auxiliary industries:
Making different type of jams, pickles, polishing pulses, obtaining rice from paddy, grinding wheat and other food grains, making jaggery and raw sugar, making different types of tobacco, operating dairy industry and poultry farms, and bee – keeping.
2. Textile industry:
Extracting oil – seeds from cotton flowers, teaseling cotton, making yarn from cotton, weaving cloth, sericulture, obtaining wool from goats, sheep and camel, making woolen yarn, blankets, carpets, printing and dyeing cloth.
3. Wood Industry:
Ripping wood – log, making furniture, wooden toys, puppets and other domestic things.
4. Metal – industry:
Melting raw metal to obtain pure metal, making knives, scissors, scalpels, brass-made utensils, copper utensils and makings different types of metallic wires.
5. Pottery:
Making earthen pots, bricks, ceramics and bone-china pots, etc.
6. Leather Art:
Flaying dead animals, curing/tanning leather, coloring leather, and making shoes, bags, purses and other goods, making combs from horns/bones of dead-animals, grinding bones of animals and making manure.
7. Other industries:
Making bangles from lac, making soap, varnish and dyes, etc.
Question 3.
Write an essay on the necessity of rural development, the steps taken forwards it and its future scope in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rajasthan is a state of villages, where three – fourth of population lives in villages. In Rajasthan, villages play an important role in state economy.
Necessity:
According to census 2011, 75.2 per cent population of Rajasthan lives in villages. Before the arrival of the British – government, all villages in Rajasthan were economically self – dependent. The British government destroyed the structure of rural employment. Again emphasis on the development of rural areas is being fully given by the government of Independent India. After independence, several program have been started to remove poverty and backwardness of Rajasthan state.
Rural development programs in Rajasthan:
For the development of rural areas, a separate rural area ministry has been formed. After independence, in the first five – year plan, community development program, and in 1959, for beneficial participation in development of the state and the system of Panchayati Raj was adopted. Following programmes are being operated in Rajasthan for all – round development of rural areas:
- Drought development program.
- Jivandhara yojana.
- Integrated rural development program.
- Development program for rural females and children.
- Self – employment training program for youth.
- Program for potential drought.
- Anganwari centres for children’s eduction in rural and backward urban areas.
- Native neet cattle – breed improvement program.
- Operation flood and green revolution program.
- Sheep – breed – improvement program.
- Bhamashah yojana.
- Prime Minister road development program.
- Swarn – Jayanti village self – employment plan.
- Swajal – Dhara village self – employment plan.
- Prime minister gramodaya plan.
- Village cleanliness program.
- Drinking water supply program in rural areas.
- Annapurna plan etc.
Future Scope:
The all – round development of a country is possible only when rural economy, the backbone of the country, is improved. At present, the name of rural development department has been changed and now it is known as rural development and Panchayati Raj department. The state as well as the central government has contributed share in all-round development of rural areas of Rajasthan state.
Question 4.
Describe the dairy industry in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Dairy Industry:
In Rajasthan, dairy industry is established at both small scale as well as large – scale level. In fact, dairy industry is favorable and friendly to the environment, so no pollution is created in the environment due to it. It can be established with small amount of capital in rural areas.
In Rajasthan, dairy department was set up for dairy industry development in 1973. At present, “Rajasthan Co – operative Dairy Federation” (RCDF) is trying hard to develop the dairy industry. In Rajasthan, dairy development program is operating with the help of cooperative societies.
Under this program, more than 13000 primary milk producting federations have been attached with the “Cooperative Dairy Federation Limited, Jaipur”. At present, more than 20 lakh litres of milk is being collected by all federations attached with RCDF.
Rajasthan cooperative federation also provides nutritious animal fodder and diet to the farmers for their cattle. RCDF also produces milk – based products as ghee, butter, paneer, milk – powder, curd, ice cream etc.
The main regions of dairy industry:
Dairy industry is spread out all over in Rajasthan. Most of the families in rural areas of Rajasthan are engaged in it. The work of milking, making condensed milk, paneer and ghee is being done in Pokaran, Phalodi, Jodhpur, Raniwara, Bajju, Lunkaransar, Suratgarh, Alwar, Jaipur, Ajmer, Faina, Bhilwara, and Udaipur districts.
Milk collecting work from rural areas is done by various co – operative societies. “Rajasthan State Co – operative Marketing Faderation Limited” started animal fodder factories in Jaipur and Jhotwara, which provide excellent animal fodder.
The responsibility of animal development, animal breed improvement and production has been given to Rajasthan State Milk Production Nigam. Rajasthan Milk Co – operative Federation is a leading organisation of mutual cordination and co – operation in the state.
Map Based Questions
Question 1.
Show leading mineral oil areas on the map of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Question 2.
Show the Gypsum producing regions on the map of Rajasthan.
Answer: