Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Socialism
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Text book Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
Which thought is supported by the Indian socialist thinkers?
(a) To set up the human dignity
(b) Class struggle
(c) Accumulation of unlimited property
(d) To keep a pace with moral values
Answer:
(a) To set up the human dignity
Question 2.
Which country is known as the home of socialist thought?
(a) India
(b) USSR (Soviet Union)
(c) England
(d) America
Answer:
(c) England
Question 3.
To impose additional tax on the income of the wealthy people and use this money for helping the poor. This faith lies under the thought of :
(a) Capitalism
(b) Socialism
(c) Extremism
(d) Individualism
Answer:
(b) Socialism
Question 4.
Which of the following in not a social thinker?
(a) Ram Manohar Lohia
(b) Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay
(c) Lord Macaulay
(d) Harold Laski
Answer:
(c) Lord Macaulay
Question 5.
Indian socialism is known as :
(a) Democratic socialism
(b) Guild (series) socialism
(c) Communism
(d) Religious socialism
Answer:
(a) Democratic socialism
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Where did socialism come into existence?
Answer:
In England, the industrial revolution made the socialist revolution possible by way of giving birth to urban labour class.
Question 2.
What name was given to socialism by Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay?
Answer:
Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyay addressed socialism by the name integral humanism.
Question 3.
What is the main element of socialism?
Answer:
Socialism believes in democratic arrangement and humanism.
Question 4.
Where is the most possibility of developing corrupt system?
Answer:
In socialism, there is very strong possibility to develop corruption under bureaucracy.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Who are the main founders of socialism in India?
Answer:
The beginning of socialism in India came during British regime. Gandhiji advocated socialism in accordance with Indian ideals and the prevalent circumstances. During the struggle for independence and even afterwards, Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, Subhash Chandra Bose, Manvendra Nath Roy, Acharya Narendra Dev, Jai Prakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia and Pt. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya played a very important role for popularizing socialist thought and also for protecting human dignity.
In the words of Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru- “Democratic socialism is not that one which is set up by the judiciary arrangement, but it is based on the decentralisation and economic powers along with the means of public accents.”
Question 2.
Mention four main principles of socialism.
Answer:
The four main principles of socialism are as follows :
- Faith in democratic arrangements :
Socialism is against all forms of absolute power (absolutism), because in absolutism, human individualism, dignity and freedom do not find any importance. Socialism is a supplement of democracy, Democratic system is an inseparable part of socialism. - Faith in humanity :
According to the philosophy of socialism, a person is not a physical or economic but a moral being. He does not get impacted with physical thoughts, but has a bearing of ideals. - Denial of class-struggle :
Socialism, while accepting the existence of capitalists and workers, opposes class-struggle. Socialism is based on cooperation and adjustment in place of class-struggle. - Oppose the unlimited accumulation of property :
Socialism favours for limited private property. State should have the ultimate control over big industries. Socialism does not want to abolish private property but wishes its limitation.
Question 3.
Mention four characteristics of socialism.
Answer:
The characteristics of socialism have made it the most popular thought in the world. Communism and capitalism gave extreme philosophy of their respective doctrines, but socialism adopted a middle path by way of embracing certain traits of both the philosophies. These are four main characteristics of a socialism :
- It takes care of both person and society – equally.
- It supports an opitimum margin of individual, political and economic freedom with an aim at developing personality of people.
- Socialism does not subscribe to abolish private property but wants it to be limited in the interest of social good.
- It adopts a path of decentralisation of economic and political regimes.
Question 4.
Give four arguments against socialism.
Answer:
Though socialism is termed as the most useful and practical thought, but its critics have submitted some logics against it which are as follows :
- Many of the tenets of socialism are blurred and undefined. For example, some socialists are in support of nationalisation, whereas some are not.
- This thought is based on equality, whereas in natural terms, it is not possible.
- In socialist arrangement, the power of the state gets excessively increased and this opens a gate of corruption
- Due to control of the state on production in socialism, the autonomy of the customer ends and as such, his concerns suffer a set back.
Question 5.
What do you mean by socialism?
Answer:
Socialism supports and follows democratic conventions. Socialism preforms all its tasks by way of embracing democratic means. And as such, we can say that the thought is a combined form of ideals of communism and democracy. In political sphere, its faith is in liberal philosophy based on individual freedom, whereas in reference of the state,it advocates for a path of public welfare doctrince. In this way, this arrangement wants to maintain both- democracy and socialism. Conclusively, it is more appropriate to call it democratic socialism.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Long Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
What do you mean by socialism? Explain its merits and demerits.
Answer:
The development of thought of the socialism was withnessed in western school of thought in 19th and 20th centuries. Later, its expansion took place in the entire world. Its purpose was to set up a society of equality without exploitation. Many democratic countries including India provided it constitutional validity. As it follows a democratic path, it can also be called as ‘Democartic socialism’. Many have defined socialism in the following forms:
Pt Jawahar Lai Nehru :
“Democratic socialism is not that one which is set up by the Judiciary arrangement, but it is based on the decentralisation of political and economic powers along with the means of public accents.”
Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia :
“Socialism has adopted the economic aim of communism and general aims of capitalism, In this way, democratic socialism sets up a relationship or adjustment between both these doctrines”.
Justice Gajendra Godkar :
“Democratic socialism is an arrangement to act as a public welfare state. Its basis is philosophy of social liberalism related to improve the social responsibility of a human being.”
Characteristics of Socialism :
The following characteristics of socialism has made it the most popular thought in the world.
- It takes equal care of the interests of a person and a society.
- It is quite aware of defects of capitalism and communism and hence keeps itself aloof from them.
- Socialism believes in developing overall development of people’s personality. Thus, it tries to provide possible moral, political and economic freedom to the common man.
- Socialism does not focus on abolishing private property, but wants it to be limited for social interests.
- It accepts the importance of religious and moral values in arranging the human life. It depends on moral beliefs, which is the essence of all religious doctrines.
- It adopts the path of decentralisation of economic and political regimes.
- Ruling party must be responsible to the parliament elected by the people.
- It is helpful in setting up social arrangement on the basis of equality.
Defects of Socialism :
According to certain critics, there are following defects in the doctrine of socialism.
- The doctrine of socialism is unclear and non-definite. For example, some socialists emphasise on nationalisation whereas others stress on socialism. Socialists have differences in respect of quantum of control on private property.
- Democracy is the supporter of freedom whereas socialism calls for controls. As such, socialists have conflicting doctrines.
- Socialism is basically based on the conviction of equality but no man is equal in the view of nature. As such the efforts of setting up the system of equality becomes impractical.
- In socialism, the powers of a state increase a lot. And in practice, these powers are used by the bureaucrats and hence, there is a strong probability of corruption in the system.
- In socialism, the state has full powers of control on productions, and as such, customers are disadvantaged.
Despite the above stated defects, if cannot be denied that there in no alternative to socialism like democracy.
Question 2.
What are the main components of socialism? Explain.
Answer:
Socialism is thought to be an element of the society which should develop gradually and which should have capacity to change by way of development process.
- Based on the spirit of cooperation :
Socialism wants to steer forward development by involving all spheres of the society. Socialism is not only beneficial to labour class but to all sections of the society. By its appeal of high ideals and morality, a big faction of the people can be included in it. - Proponent of economical equality :
As per socialism, the swelling income of the rich should be taxed and the money received as tax should be invested for the good of the poor. For ensuring the setting up of the system of economic equality, accumulation of black money should be restricted. - Stress on economic progress :
It is the convention of socialism that the process of planning should be adopted for economic progress. Land should belong to him who ploughs it. In this way, this individual will take profound interest, resulting in increase in production and giving support to economical development. Simultaneously, economic disparities can be done away with in respect of land ownership. - Policy of nationalization :
Industries and Banks should be nationalised so that the state has effective control on economy. Besides, private industries should operate under instructions of the state so that these are to perform social good too. - Inspired by the spirit of social welfare :
As per their academic ability, all persons should be provided with employment, wages, engagement in petty works, holidays. Besides, the state should implement welfare schemes in the interest of its citizen for their happy life. - Faith in democracy :
It is believed by the supporters of socialism that the implementation of socialism with patience, application of wisdom can be ensured for pushing the people to development and hence there is no need of revolution. Socialism believes in setting governance by democratic means such as expression of thoughts, speech, stage, publication of literature and other sources of communication.
Question 3.
What are the main principles of democratic socialism? Explain in detail.
Answer:
In the doctrine of democratic socialism, there is a clear blend of democracy and socialism. In fact, socialism is a mixed form of two schools of thought – democracy and communism. In other words we can say that the doctrine, which performs all its tasks in accordance with democratic means, is called socialism. The main principles of the socialism are as follows :
- Disregard to capitalism and communism :
According to democratic socialism, capitalism is based on inequality and exploitation of general public. This arrangement can never do good to the people. Democratic socialism opposes communism because communism is based on the opposition to religion and moralism. It believes in class struggle and violent revolution. - Faith in democratic system :
Democratic socialism believes in strong terms that if we intend to make changes in economic and social spheres, then we can do it by adopting democratic process only. - Faith in humanity :
Socialism regards man as a moral creature, whereas in capitalism and communism, man is taken as economic creature. According to this doctrine, a man works on getting inspired by ideals, cooperation and brotherhood and by physical thoughts. - Supporter of spiritual and moral values according to socialism :
The complete social system is based on religious and moral human values. The meaning of religion and faith does not mean any ritual or show, but in fact, it means to provide dignity to the human being. Besides, democratic socialism is not related to a particular religion. It respects all the other religions equally. - An escape from class- struggle :
In socialist society, owners of property and labourers are accepted but it does not believe in class-struggle. - Socialism favours political freedom as well as economic freedom :
Communism regards economic freedom of the people an important factor, whereas capitalism emphasises on political freedom of the citizens. Democratic socialism has doctrine that there should be economic freedom along with political and individual freedom. - Democratic control on production and distribution :
Just contrary to capitalism, democratic socialism advocates that economy should be controlled by the elected government. - Protests unlimited accumulation of property :
Socialism does not permit to abolish private property but calls for its limitation. According to socialism, the property which gives birth to exploitation should be nationalised. But the private property, which does good to the society, should be retained. - The aim of living a dignified human life :
Democratic socialism wants the existence of a state for the development of human beings. In democratic socialism, the work area of the state should be wide. The state should launch many schemes for the public welfare.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Other Important Questions
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
The famous book ‘Utopia’ is written by :
(a) Thomas Moore
(b) Francis Bacon
(c) Robert Oven
(d) Blankey
Answer:
(a) Thomas Moore
Question 2.
Revolution of which country proved to be a milestone for the development of socialism?
(a) American Revolution
(b) French Revolution
(c) Glorious Revolution
(d) Russian Revolution
Answer:
(b) French Revolution
Question 3.
Who wrote “Communist Manifesto”?
(a) Thomas Moore
(b) Bacon
(c) Lenin
(d) Marx
Answer:
(d) Marx
Question 4.
Who is the writer of the book, “What is property” ?
(a) Prudho
(b) Saint Simon
(c) Blanky
(d) Bacon
Answer:
(a) Prudho
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Very Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Mention the name of famous creation of Thomas Moore.
Answer:
Thomas Moore wrote his famous book ‘Utopia’ in 1516. It presented an imagination for setting up an ideal socialist state.
Question 2.
In which book Bacon has described socialist thought?
Answer:
Bacon described socialist thoughts in his book, ‘New Atlantis’.
Question 3.
When did French Revolution take place and what was its slogan?
Answer:
French revolution happened in 1789. Its object was liberty, equality and fraternity.
Question 4.
Which thinker termed private property as a theft?
Answer:
Prudho in his book ‘What is property’ branded private property as ‘theft’.
Question 5.
Who initiated Marxist socialism?
Answer:
Marxism (communism) emerged systematically in 1848 with the book ‘Communist Manifesto’ written W Karl Marx.
Question 6.
In which country did industrial Revolution take place?
Answer:
Industrial revolution happened first in England and with this, labour class came into existence.
Question 7.
Mention the names of any three Indian thinkers who explained socialism.
Answer:
Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, Dr. Ram Manohar Lohia and Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay.
Question 8.
Define socialism.
Answer:
Socialism means adopting democratic means to set up the system of economic and social justice and maintain individual dignity.
Question 9.
When did socialism start in India?
Answer:
Socialism in India started during British rule. For the very first time, it is was discussed by the declaration of Indian National Congress during Lahore Session in 1929.
Question 10.
In what basis socialism opposes capitalism?
Answer:
Capitalism is based on’ inequality and exploitation of general public. According to socialism, such an arrangement can never deliver any good to the entire lot of people.
Question 11.
What has been termed its first enemy by socialism?
Answer:
Because of conflicting thoughts, Socialism regards communism as its first enemy.
Question 12.
Why does socialism oppose totalitarianism?
Answer:
Socialism opposes all forms of totalitarianism because in totalitarianism, there is no importance to individual, his dignity and freedom.
Question 13.
Who said, “Socialism is the complete accomplishment of democracy.”
Answer:
This quote is of Norman Thomas.
Question 14.
What is the outlook of socialism in the context of religion and morality?
Answer:
As per the ethos of socialism, the meaning of religion and morality does not stand for rituals and fortuism, In fact, it grants dignity to humanity.
Question 15.
What is the stand of socialism in respect of ‘class-struggle’?
Answer:
Though socialism accepts the existence of capitalists and labourers, but does not advocate for class-struggle. According to its doctrine, we can establish unity between them by mutual cooperation and coodination.
Question 16.
Whose control is accepted by socialism on production and distribution?
Answer:
Socialism supports the control of the elected government on production and distribution.
Question 17.
Socialism stresses on nationalisation or socialisation. Clarify.
Answer:
In the beginning, socialism stressed for nationalisation but soon after it was felt that by this, all economic challenges could not be resolved, hence, as a revised doctrine, emphasis was given on socialisation.
Question 18.
What is the outlook of socialism in the functional scope of a state?
Answer:
As per the doctrine of socialism, the functional scope (areas of intervention) of the state should be quite wide.
Question 19.
What are the recommendations of socialism for setting up economic equality? Mention any two.
Answer:
- Wealth of the rich should be taxed and it should be utilized for the welfare of the poor.
- Accumulation of black money must be restricted.
Question 20.
Mention any two features of socialism.
Answer:
- Individuals should enjoy optimum freedom in the fields of politics, citizenship and economy.
- Resolution to limit private property.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Clarify the relation between socialism and democracy.
Answer:
The doctrines of socialism and democracy are mutually related. In other words, it can be stated that both the thoughts are supplementary to each other. Formation of socialism is in accordance with democratic tenets. Hence, the thought which performs all its activities by embracing democratic means is called socialism. And as such, this arrangement is also called ‘democratic socialism.’
Question 2.
What declaration was made by the Congress working committee in Lahore convention?
Answer:
In 1929 during Lahore convention, Indian National Congress working committee announced that “The poverty is not only due to the exploitation by foreign rulers but also due to faulty economic concepts. And to overcome this, it is necessary that social and economic changes should be done at a great pace”.
Question 3.
Which Indian leaders contributed to the development of socialism?
Answer:
First of all, Gandhiji propagated socialism in the light of Indian ideals and the prevalent circumstances During the era of freedom struggle and thereafter Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, Subhash Chandre Bose, Manvendra Nath Roy, Achorya Narendra Dev,Jai Prakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia and Pt. Deen Dayal Upadyay etc played an important role in popularising socialist thoughts and also establishing human dignity.
Question 4.
Clarify the difference between nationalisation and socialisation.
Answer:
In the beginning, socialism stressed on nationalisaton but thereafter, importance was given to socialisation. Nationalisation means state ownership of industry, whereas socialisation stands for overall arrangement of control of the state on industries be it public or private, and their operation should be for social interest and not for mere profits.
Question 5.
On what basis socialism opposes capitalism and communism?
Answer:
Democratic socialism opposes both the schools of thoughts of capitalism and communism equally. According to it, capitalism is based on disparities and exploitation of general public and by this arrangement welfare to the entire population cannot be ensured.
Democratic socialism opposes communism as the communism is based on the aversion to religion and morality. It has faith in the doctrine of class-struggle and violent revolution. According to democratic socialism, these thoughts can never be beneficial to human kind. Because of this reason, it regards communism as its first enemy and damns it by calling it “tool of new imperialism”.
Question 6.
“Socialism defines human being as a moral creature.” Explain.
Answer:
According to capitalism and communism, a human is regarded as economic creature but socialism regards him a moral creature. Capitalism is based on the false assumption that an individual gets active under temptation of profit or fear of punishment. Similarly communism also advocated that a work can be accomplished under or on the basis of violence and intimidation. Contrary to these thoughts, socialism believes that a human being is not a physical or economic being, instead he is a moral creature. He does get impacted by moral values and ideals. He does work in the spirit of cooperation and brotherhood. And as such, socialism regards a human being as a moral creature and emphasises on his moral development.
Question 7.
To what extent socialism wants to grant freedom to persons?
Answer:
As per the doctrine of communism, economic freedom is a must for all persons. According to it, all persons should be given an opportunity to profession, apt labour, wages and holidays. On the other hand, capitalism emphasises on political freedom to all the citizens but does not accept the importance of economic freedom. Contrary to these both schools of thought, socialism attaches a greater political importance to personal views, speeches, association and conventions, etc. for its citizens and also advocates for economic freedom along with citizenship and political freedom.
Question 8.
What are the views of socialists on private property?
Answer:
Socialism does not advocate to abolish private property, but supports its limitation. In accordance with its ethos, the property giving birth to exploitation should be abolished.
For example- the final control on big industrial houses should be of the state and not of private capitalist because the capitalist, on the basis of these industries, exploits the poor. The private property which is beneficial to the society as a whole should be allowed to be retained. It means that we can retain private property, private house, mandatory amenities for life, agriculture, craftsmanship, retail business and other industries of moderate dividends, as these are a must in society.
Question 9.
Mention the main elements of socialism.
Answer:
The main elements of socialism are as follows:
- Income tax must be imposed on the income of wealthy persons, and the amount received from tax imposed must be used for helping the poor.
- Accumulation of black money must be stopped at any cost.
- There must be full authority of a farmer who ploughs the field to keep the ownership of the field.
- Banks and industries must be nationalised and the state must have possesion or full control over its economy.
- The state must regulate the private industries. And their regulation must be for the benefit of social sectors.
- There must be eradication of economic inequality as soon as possible.
- All must get employment according to their capability and academic records. Appropriate wages and the holiday arrangement must be kept in mind while giving the opportunity to work.
- Maximum welfare services should be introduced by the state so that people can enjoy happy living.
- Planning commission must be set up for economic development of a nation/state.
RBSE Class 12 Political Science Chapter 9 Long Answer Type Question
Question 1.
Write an essay on the development of socialism in India.
Answer:
Socialism is the most pervasive thought of present age. India, among many democratic countries, provided it constitutional recognition. In this doctrine, social and economic justice is ensured by way of adopting democratic means and efforts are also made to maintain individual dignity. The study of evolution (development) of socialism in India can be done with the help of the following heads
Declaration in Lahore convention :
Advent of socialism took place in India during the national struggle against British Imperialism. For the very first time in 1929 at Congress, Lahore Session, it was put on record that poor condition of India was not only due to the exploitation by foreign rulers but also due to its ill economic concept. And to overcome, it is necessary that social and economic changes should be made at a great pace.
Approval of proposal by Karachi Session :
In 1931, in Karachi Session of Congress, it was declared in the approved draft, “If we want to have real/natural freedom (Swaraj) for the common man, its meaning is not hidden in getting only political freedom, but to get the economic freedom also for the people of the nation”.
Contribution of Indian leadership :
Gandhiji established socialism according to the circumstances, and Indian ideals. When the revolutionary movements were adopted to get freedom, at that time many great leaders spread the spirit of socialism among Indians to get aware of its value. Among these prominent leaders were Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru, Shubhash Chandra Bose, Acharya Narendra Dev, Jai Prakash Narayan, Ram Manohar Lohia and Pt. Deendayal Upadhyay etc. They all played a significant role in maintaining socialism’s popularity among the people.
Practical situation :
Ever since the freedom of the country from Britishers till date, every ruling party in power along with opposition parties has tried to prove that they all have been in support of socialism, but in practical form whatever they have done for it, it is not enough to get socialism in its perfect form. Reason behind this situation is that there are many lapses and disparities prevalent in economic structure of our country.