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RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 11 Historical Development, Measurement and Rules of Different Games are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Physical Education. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 11 Historical Development, Measurement and Rules of Different Games.

Board	RBSE
Textbook	SIERT, Rajasthan
Class	Class 9
Subject	Physical Education
Chapter	Chapter 11
Chapter Name	Historical Development, Measurement and Rules of Different Games
Number of Questions Solved	32
Category	RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Physical Education Chapter 11 Historical Development, Measurement and Rules of Different Games

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
A standard track measures
(a) 100 mts.
(b) 200 mts.
(c) 400 mts.
(d) 800 mts.
Answer:
(c).

Question 2.
The shot must fall within the lines formed by an angle of:
(a) 40°.
(b) 45°.
(c) 50°.
(d) 60°.
Answer:
(a).

Question 3.
Measurement (Length and Breadth) of the Volleyball ground is
(a) 18 x 19 mts.
(b) 18 x 9 mts.
(c) 19 x 10 mts.
(d) 19 x 9 mts.
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
Raider can give raid for the duration of
(a) 50-60 seconds.
(b) 30-35 seconds.
(c) 10-20 seconds.
(d) 40-50 seconds.
Answer:
(b).

Question 5.
Peri ‘O’brien style is one of the techniques of
(a) Discus Throw.
(b) Javelin Throw.
(c) Shot Put.
(d) Hammer Throw.
Answer:
(c).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is athletics? Who is called an athlete?
Answer:
Sporting activities that involve running, jumping and throwing events are called as atheltics. The word Athletics is derived from the Greek word ‘ATHLON’ which means competition and those who participated in such competitions came to be known as ‘Athletes’.

Question 2.
Name the different kinds of Kho-Kho.
Answer:
Simple Kho-Kho, Advance Kho-Kho and Pole Kho-kho.

Question 3.
Who is the Libro player in the game of volleyball?
Answer:
Libro player is the Defence player in the team of 12 players. He is one of the twelve and wears dress of different colour. He is mainly for the defence purpose. His name is recorded as the Defence player (Libro) in the score sheet.

Question 4.
What does sprint race mean?
Answer:
Sprint and Short Distance Race: (100 mt, 200 mt and 400 mt races): Sprinting means trying to cover a specified distance at optimum speed.The need for maintenance of peak speed for the entire duration of the race is of utmost importance.

Question 5.
How much is the weight of ‘Shot’ in shotput for men and women?
Answer:
In the early stages of throwing competitions there was no specification for the weight of the shot, but these days the shot should be of the specific weight; 7.258 kg for men and 4 kg for women.

Question 6.
Name the different kinds of throws.
Answer:
Throwing Events: Discus Throw, Javelin Throw, Hammer Throw, Shot Put etc.

Question 7.
What are the rules for Long Jump?
Answer:
Rules of Long Jump:

1. Track for long jump should not be less than 40 metres long and about 1.22 to 1.25 mt broad.
2. Take-off board should be 1.22 mt long, 20 cm wide and 10 cm deep.
3. Colour of the Take-off board should be white.
4. If the number of jumpers is more than eight, three chances are given to each jumper. Out of them eight best are taken and each of them is again given three chances and then the final decision is taken.
5. The landing pit should be 50 cm deep and filled with clean sand to the ground level.
6. The landing area should be 2.75 x 9 mts.
7. Judgement is based on the distance covered by the jumper.
8. If the number of jumpers is less than six, each of them is given six chances and the decision is taken accordingly.

Question 8.
What are the basic skills of Kho-Kho? Name a few of them.
Answer:
Skills of the Kho-Kho game:

1. Simple Kho:
   The active chaser gives Kho to the sitting chaser in an ordinary style.
2. Late Kho:
   Kho is given late by the active chaser, watching the movements of the runner because it is done to break his speed. Kho is given from the back.
3. Advance Kho:
   Kho is given by the active chaser, going ahead of the runner who is playing the double chain.
4. Pole-Kho:
   t is an advance technique. The active chaser uses this technique on the pole. It is used by two methods.
   1. Standing Pole Drive.
   2. Running Pole Drive.

Question 9.
How many players and innings are there in Kho-Kho?
Answer:
Each team consists of 12 players i.e., 9 in the ground and 3 substitues.
Each inning shall have four running and four chasing turns. The two innings are for touching and two for running.

Question 10.
If both the teams have equal points after the second half in the Kabaddi match, how will the decision be taken?
Answer:
If both the teams have equal points after the second half, two extra times of 5-5 minutes will be given to them. If the tie still persists, the rule of Sudden death will apply.

Question 11.
What message do yellow, green and red cards play in the games competitions?
Answer:
Green Card Warning.
Yellow Card Out of the match or out for some time.
Red Card Out of tournament.

Question 12.
What are the types of starts in the sprint or short distance races?
Answer:
Types of Start: There are two types of starts used by runners in different races:

1. Standing Start.
2. Crouch Start

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the skills of volleyball.
Answer:

1. Service:
By service we mean putting the ball into play by the right hand back line player. Service has to be done within eight seconds of the whistle by the referee. The player hits the ball with his hand either open or closed or any other part of arm in such a way that the ball passes over the net to the opposite court. The service should be done from the fixed place. A player will continue to serve until a fault is committed by any player of his team. In the case of fault both the score and service are passed to the opponent team. As long as the player goes on doing service without committing any fault, the service remains with the same team and scores are also awarded to the team. Service can be done by under Hand, Over Hand Floating, Side Arm, High Spin, Tennis service etc.

2. Passes:
The following techniques are adopted to return the ball to the opponent’s court:

1. Under Hand Pass: With both the hands joined, feet kept apart parallel to the width of the shoulders, a little bent at the knee joint, the ball is rolled with the lower end of the elbow and hit with hand from the back in the direction of the opponent’s court.
2. Finger Pass (Upper Hand Pass): 60% of this pass is used in placing the ball in the court from where the other player tosses the ball up in the air and hits over the net.This pass is played with the fingers and thumb.

3. Smash:
All the players present in the court can hit the ball over the net with a jump.
The three players of the line can hit the ball from any place in the court but the players of the back line can hit the ball with a jump from behind the Attack line’.
After hitting the ball they may fall in the front line. It is considered a foul if the players hit the ball by crossing the Attack line and the score will be given to the opponent team. The Libro player cannot smash.

4. Blocking:
Blocking is that activity by which, as soon as the ball crosses the net, the attack by an opponent is attempted to be stopped with any upper part of the body, above the abdomen. Blocking is done by the players of the first line. Players of back line are not allowed to do it. Blocking is done, at a time, by the one player or jointly by two or three players. If two or three players together do blocking it is called Joint Blocking. While doing Blocking the Blocker can neither touch the net nor block the service. The opponent team will be awarded the score if the ball goes out of the court after touching the Blocker’s hands.

Question 2.
How did the game of Kho-Kho become popular gradually? Write the rules of the game.
Answer:
The Indian Kho-Kho Association was formed in 1955. In 1960 the first Kho-Kho National for men was organised. In 1961, Nationals for women were also organized at Kohlapur.
In 1982 the Kho-Kho match was played during the 9th Asian Games held at Delhi.
In 1985 Kho-Kho was included in the National Games conducted by the Indian Olympic Association at Delhi. In 1985 the Indian women Kho-Kho team demonstrated its skills at Leningrad city of the Soviet Union. India has played many friendly Kho-Kho matches with Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Singapore and Sri Lanka.

Rules of the Game:

1. No part of an active chaser’s body should touch the centre line and centre lane.
   He cannot cross the centre line by jumping from within the posts.
2. The decision to be a chaser or runner is made by toss.
3. After having played the active chaser takes the place of the sitting chaser whom he has given the Kho. Giving Kho and sitting shall be done simultaneously.
4. The Chaser should sit in such a way that he does not obstruct the runner. If a runner is out because of any such obstruction he shall be declared out.
5. The face of the runner should be in the direction of running.
6.  If a Kho is to be given it shall have to be given from behind a sitting chaser.
7. Without having given the Kho, the Chaser cannot get up.
8. The runner cannot touch a sitting chaser. If he does so he is given warning once.
   If he does so even after the warning he is declared out.
9. If the runner goes out of the court, he shall be deemed to be out.
10. If the runner is touched by a chaser, he shall be considered out. ;
11. The runner declared out will take his place by passing from the lobby.
12. After having taken the direction the active chaser can attack again in the cross line and it shall not be considered a foul.
13. Any part of the body of the chaser shall not touph the centre line and also will not be kept out of the cross line. He will have to sit in the area of 30 x 30 square cms.
14. The runners get their names and numbers entered with the scorer. In the beginning only three runners play in the ground and the other three are sent when the first three runners are declared out.

Question 3.
Clarify the game of Handball regarding its rules, fouls and techniques.
Answer:
Rules of the Game:

1. Throw in:
   If the ball goes out of touch line throw is given to the team which did not touch the ball before it went out.
2. Comer Throw:
   If the ball crosses the goal line after touching any player of the defending team, the attacking team gets a corner throw.
3. Goal throw:
   If any player of the attacking team throws the ball out from the goal line, the defence team is given throw in on the goal line. When the ball reaches the opponent teams goal through this throws-in or goal throw, it is considered as a goal.
4. Free-Throw:
   A free throw is given to the team when any member of the opponent team behaves indecently or obstructs the play.
5. Penalty Throw:
   A Penalty throw is given if:
   1. a player makes a serious foul in his court.
   2. the Defence player excluding goal defender enters his goal for defending goal.
   3. the Defence player gives, intentionally, ball to his goal defender and the ball goes to the goal defender, only Free throw is given.
   4. a player starts functioning in the place of goal keeper without the permission of the umpire when the corner throw is being taken.
   5. the defence player makes foul in any part of the ground to save goal.

In the above situations the Penalty Throw is given. The player using penalty throw must keep his one foot or both the feet on the ground behind the penalty line.
Fouls of the game:

1. Catching the opponent player.
2. Jumping on the opponent player.
3. Pushing the opponent players.
4. Hitting the opponent player while running.
5. Throwing ball, intentionally, on the opponent player.
6. Snatching ball from any player.
7. Catching the opponent player with any part of the body.
8. Touching any part of the body from knee to foot, with the goal.
9. Going to the opponent area without ball.
10. Forcing the opponent player to go to his goal area.
11. Aggressive attack on the player holding the ball in his hands.
12. Taking more than three steps at a time with ball.

Techniques of Handball to be learnt are:

1. Throwing ball by sitting, bending or lying on the ground.
2. Stopping, Catching, throwing, dropping, hitting or giving pass to the ball with any part of the body above knees.
3. Passing ball from one hand to another.
4. Trying not to retain the ball for more than three seconds.
5. Not to walk more than three steps at a time with ball.
6. Giving pass to the fellow players.
7. Using both the hands or arms while taking paes.
8. Shooting ball with full force while doing goal.

Question 4.
Explain the salient features of the standard track.
Answer:
Salient features of a standard track:

1. The standard track should be laid in the North-South direction.
2. It should be 400 mt with at least 8 lanes of 1.22 to 1.25 mt width.
3. All races should finish on one straight line.
4. Straggers for 200 mt, 400 mt and 800 mt races should be properly marked.
5. Areas for jumping and throwing should be separately marked.
6. There should be separate place inside the track to the left for the judges and out at the finish for the time keeper.
7. Place for Javelin throw and Discuss throw should be safe.

Question 5.
Explain how the game of handball is played.
Answer:
Number of Players in the Handball Team:
Each team has 12 players including five reserved players. Seven players on each side of the team can play at a time but in the beginning of the play there must be at least five players. But later the number can be reduced. The attacker can give pass to the ball and can throw ball in the goal. The player scoring more goals is declared the winner.

Ground:
It measures 40 mt long and 20 mt broad and a centre line runs through its centre. Its length is the side line and to the breadth is the goal line. On the goal line are drawn the semi circular goal region line, circular free throw line and a goal.

Beginning of the Play:
Captains of the teams take decision through toss to choose side or throw of. It is must to take throw of within three seconds of umpire’s whistle. All other players will remain in their respective areas and they will maintain distance of at least three meters from the throw of player.

Duration of the game:
For men 30-10- 30 minutes and for women 25-10-25 minutes.
If the match ends in draw, 5-5 minutes more time is given. In case no decision is reached, the match is replayed.

Question 6.
Name the different kinds of throws and explain briefly the game of shot put.
Answer:
In the early stages of throwing competitions there was no specification for the weight of the shot, but these days the shot should be of the specific weight: 7.258 kg for men and 4 kg for women.
The techniques used in putting the shot are:

1. Orthodox Style.
2. Peri O’brien Style.
3. Disco-Put Style.
4. The shot is thrown from the circle of 2.135 mt diameter. The Angle of throwing sector should be 40°. If the shot touches the sector line it will be deemed foul.

Question 7.
Explain all the three positions of start in the sprint race.
Answer:
Crouch Start: Crouch Start meant for the sprints, are of the following types:

1. Bunch Start.
2. Medium Start.
3. Elongated Start.

The Athlete uses the type of start according to his height and convenience. For a Bunch start the distance between the front and the rear feet should be 6 to 11 inches, for the Medium start between 16 to 21 inches and for Elongated start between 22 to 26 inches.
The starting blocks when used should be adjusted according to the style adopted by the runner. Before the start of race the athletes stand in their respective lanes at the assembly line. When the runners take their position, the starter takes the charge of the race with the command: ‘On your Marks’.

Question 8.
Write a note on the fouls and rules of long Jump.
Answer:

1. Track for long jump should not be less than 40 metres long and about 1.22 to 1.25 mt broad.
2. Take-off board should be 1.22 mt long, 20 cm wide and 10 cm deep.
3. Colour of the Take-off board should be white.
4. If the number of jumpers is more than eight, three chances are given to each jumper. Out of them eight best are taken and each of them is again given three chances and then the final decision is taken.
5. The landing pit should be 50 cm deep and filled with clean sand to the ground level. The landing area should be 2.75 x 9 mts.
6. Judgement is based on the distance covered by the jumper.
7. If the number of jumpers is less than six, each of them is given six chances and the decision is taken accordingly.

Question 9.
What are the official signals used in the game of Kabaddi?
Answer:
Official Signals:

1. When the match begins: Raising hands simultaneously, whistling long but low and bringing hands down to start stop watch.
2. Hinting with one hand infront of face in case of Losing cant.
3. Making T with one palm facing down and the other hand’s finger touching it horizontally in case of Time Out.
4. Substitution: Circulating both the hands in front.
5. Technical Point: Keeping hand parallel to the shoulder and pointing down with the thumb.
6. Bonus Point: Keeping one hand parallel to the shoulder and pointing up with the thumb.
7. Half-Time: Making cross with both the hands in front of chest.
8. Point Out: Pointing out with the fingers raised towards the team whose players are out. Number of fingers raised is equal to the number of players out.
9. Score: Pointing to the scoring team with the hand in that direction, keeping hand parallel to the shoulder.
10. Use of Scissor or any unwanted technique: Pointing with the fingers of both the hands joined in front of Chest.
11. Entry in Lobby without struggle: Raising the close by leg and pointing with hand towards the entry of Lobby.
12. Warning Signals: Pointing with finger and showing card.

Green Card Warning
Yellow Card Out of the match or out for some time.
Red Card Out of tournament.
The above signals are meant to be used by the officials in the different situations.

Question 10.
Explain the meaning of the following in the case of Kho-Kho:

1. Square,
2. Free Zone,
3. Centre Line,
4. Cross Line,
5. Cross Lane.

Answer:

1. Square:
   The area of 30° x 30° made by the intersection of the centre line and the cross line is called square. Distance between each square is 2.30 mt for seniors and 2.10 mt for juniors.
2. Free Zone:
   Area left on both the sides of the rectangular court is called free zone.
   In the free zone the chaser and the runner are not bound to follow any rule or regulation. It measures 2.75 x 16 mt.
3. Centre Line:
   There is a centre line in between two poles. It is 23.50 mt long and 30 cms | broad. It divides the ground into two halves.
4. Cross Line:
   Cross line in the ground is 16 mt long and 30 cm broad. It is divided into two halves by the centre line.There are seven cross lines in the ground. It crosses the centre line at right angle (90°) making 30° x 30° square where the chaser sits.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Pick out the odd one from the following:
(a) Raider
(b) Anti Raider
(c) Pursuit
(d) Smash
Answer:
(d).

Question 2.
Which of the following terms are associated with Handball?
(a) Corner throw
(b) Raider
(c) Pole
(d) Pursuit
Answer:
(a).

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who is called Raider in the game of Kabaddi?
Answer:
The player who enters the opponent’s side reciting ‘Kabaddi’clearly and continuously (cant) is called the raider. The raider must start cant before entering the opponent’s court.

Question 2.
Mention the three styles of shot-put.
Answer:
There are three styles of shot-put.

1. Orthodox style
2. Peri O’ Brien style
3. Disco-put style

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Discuss in detail the features of the Kabaddi game.
Answer:
Rules of the game of Kabaddi.

1. The toss winning team exercises its first option for raid or the court.
2. If the Raider and Defender both leave the court during struggle, both are out.
3. Players are revived in the same order in which they were put out.
4. Only one raider is allowed to raid at a time.
5. The raider who loses his cant in the opponent’s court is declared out.
6. Lona (two points) are given to the opponent team if all the players of the other team are. out.
7. If a raider caught by the opponent team manages to free himself and return safe to his court he is awarded one point.
8. If a raider returns to his court without crossing the touch line, he is given out.
9. A raider must start his cant before entering the opponent’s court.
10. A raider can raid for 30-35 seconds. After that he will be given out.

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RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 6 Water Conservation: Need of Today are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 6 Water Conservation: Need of Today.

Board	RBSE
Textbook	SIERT, Rajasthan
Class	Class 9
Subject	Rajasthan Adhyayan
Chapter	Chapter 6
Chapter Name	Water Conservation: Need of Today
Number of Questions Solved	35
Category	RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 6 Water Conservation: Need of Today

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Maximum use of water in Rajasthan is made for the following sector
(a) Agriculture
(b) Industry
(c) Domestic use
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
What is the percentage of potable water of the total water on earth?
(a) 1%
(b) 0.007%
(c) 3%
(d) 7%
Answer:
(b).

Question 3.
Which country of the world has maximum number of tube wells?
(a) China
(b) India
(c) America
(d) Australia
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
Water Day is celebrated on
(a) 5th June
(b) 24th October
(c) 10th December
(d) 22nd March
Answer:
(d).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How much quantity of water is required, per individual, per day according to the Indian Standards?
Answer:
According to the Indian standards each Individual requires 85 It. water per day.

Question 2.
What is the best way of raising the level of underground water?
Answer:
The best way of raising the level of underground water resources is the Rain Water Harvesting system.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the method for accumulating rain water.
Answer:
Accumulation of Rain Water: Rain water can be collected for use by various ways as-

1. Collecting rain water in a tank so as to use it directly.
2. Let the roof top rain water percolate into the ground through pipes, hand pumps, wells etc.
3. Constructing trenches to hold rain water and to let it seep into the underground water reserviors.
4. Constructing the mounds to hold the rain water in the farms and then to use it to recharge underground water resources (Rain water harvesting)
5. Holding the Water in the streams by making Nala plugs and any other barricade.
6. Bawadis, dams, are also the best means to hold rain water.

Question 2.
How can Industrial units conserve Water?
Answer:
Industrial units use about 15-20% pure water and they throw out impure water which if used judiciously, can help in water conservation. By treating this impure water it can be used for cooling plant and machinery, for the maintenance of lawns, cleanliness and production of power and energy. Rain water harvesting system should be made compulsory for the industrial units. Such industrial technologies should be adopted, which may consume less of water.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is water misused at the domestic level? Suggest remedies to check it.
Answer:
Water is domestically misused for various activities as:

1. Liberal flushing of toilets.
2. Brushing teeth with full speed tap running.
3. Cleaning floors by opening the tap.
4. Use of bath tubs and showers for bathing.
5. Washing utensils and clothes directly by keeping the tap running.
6. Liberal use of water in washing vegetables and other accessories.

Suggestions to check misuse of water at domestic level:

1. Use a mug of water rather than running tap while brushing teeth.
2. Use of mugs and buckets for bathing instead of bath tubs and shower.
3. Use of small bucket of water for toilets rather than opening flush every time.
4. Wash or wipe the vehicle by holding water in the bucket instead of using pipe.
5. Recycle kitchen and bathroom water and use it for garden.
6. Plant the saplings in the garden, which need less water.
7. Avoid the culture of having lawns because grass needs more water for maintenance.
8. Mop the floor instead of washing it.
9. Use a mug of water to shave.
10. Do not use a fresh tumbler every time to drink water.
11. Do not wash hands under running water.
12. Wash vegetables, fruits etc. in a water filled bucket rather than under the running tap.
13. Repair the leakage if any; without delay.
14. Collect the rooftop rain water in a tank or let it percolate underground through pipes.

Question 2.
How can the students contribute to the Water Conservation?
Answer:
Students’ Contributions in the Conservation of Water:
Students form a big chunk of the society and they are well aware of their surroundings. If a student himself knows about the necessity of water for life on earth he can make aware his family members, neighbours, village or town residents, of the need for tree- plantation, keeping clean the surrounding, of the water resources and prevent of misuse or excessive use of water, water pollution etc.

He can be of a great help to the community by sharing with the people his knowledge gained at the school and through communication means, in a simple and convincing way. He can, easily set his own example before the people and lead the others in making the water conservation campaign a success. It is the students whose constructive and positive contributions can go a long way in saving the water through their access to the neighbours, friends, children, seniors and various communities.

Question 3.
Explain the causes of scarcity of Water.
Answer:
Causes of Scarcity of Water are:

1. Increase in Population:
Speedy increase in population means more use of water for various activities at domestic, agricultural and industrial levels.

2. Unequal Distribution:
Rain water is not equally distributed over the land. Some parts get heavy rains whereas others remain dry and become the Victims of drought and famine.

3. Dams and Anicuts:
For the use of water for industrial and agricultural purpose, Dams and Anicuts are made to collect water but due to lack of proper maintenance, the silt deposits reduce the water holding capacity of the dams and at some places a great havoc is caused due to breach in the dams.

4. Excess use of Water:
Water is not judiciously used for many day to day activities as brushing, flushing toilets, cleanliness, fountain and tub bath etc. A lot of water goes waste due to improper use of water.

5. Water Pollution:
Industrial wastes and domestic pollutants are thrown into the water resources and they make the water unfit for drinking and other purposes. With the cessation of use of water of such polluted resources, the water scarcity is caused.

6. Wastage of Rain Water:
The rain water remain unused and is not collected for use through different means. It flows into the sea.
All these above factors besides the environmental factor as Global Warming are responsible for causing water scarcity.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Cantour farming is popular in
(a) Plains
(b) Hilly areas
(c) Sandy land
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b).

Question 2.
The Planet known as the Blue Planet is
(a) Saturn
(b) Pluto
(c) Earth
(d) Jupiter
Answer:
(c).

Question 3.
has 16% population of the world but availability of water is only 4%
(a) Rajasthan State
(b) India
(c) Australia
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b).

Question 4.
The National Drinking Water Mission was set up in
(a) 1986
(b) 1984
(c) 1994
(d) 1990
Answer:
(a).

Question 5.
It is one of the basic necessities for the survival of life on earth
(a) Glaciers
(b) Ice
(c) Water
(d) Clothing.
Answer:
(c).

Question 6.
River banks can be protected by making
(a) Dams
(b) Anicuts
(c) Parapets
(d) Vegetation Cover
Answer:
(d).

Question 7.
Main cause of scarce water resources is
(a) Urbanisation
(b) Industrialisation
(c) Increasing Population
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d).

Question 8.
What is the number of Dark Zones in Rajasthan?
(a) 236
(b) 140
(c) 27
(d) 28
Answer:
(b).

Question 9.
How much percentage of earth has water?
(a) 29%
(b) 75%
(c) 70%
(d) 77%
Answer:
(c).

Question 10.
How much percentage of the total water evaporates?
(a) 2.5%
(b) 5.2%
(c) 4.5%
(d) 5.3%
Answer:
(a).

Question 11.
Rain water harvesting is one of the schemes of
(a) Industrialisation
(b) Removal of water pollutants
(c) Water Conservation
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(c).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Water Conservation?
Answer:
Water conservation means judicious and proper use of water.

Question 2.
Give two remedial measures for water conservation.
Answer:
Two remedial measures for water conservation:

1. Recharging of rain water.
2. Recycling of water

Question 3.
How much water is required per individual according to the UNO standards?
Answer:
According to the UNO standards each individual requires minimum of 50 It. water per day.

Question 4.
Mention any two causes for scarcity of water.
Answer:
Two causes for the scarcity of water are:

1. Wastage of rain water.
2. Increasing population.

Question 5.
Which system of irrigation can be used in agriculture to save water?
Answer:
Sprinkler and Drip irrigation system can be used for irrigation in agriculture.

Question 6.
For which sector is the maximum of water used?
Answer:
Maximum of water i.e. 60%-70 is used for agriculture sector.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the adverse effects of scarcity of water?
Answer:
Evil Effects of the scarcity of water:
All the aspects related to human life, as irrigation, agriculture, production of foodgrains, industries, construction, tourism, culture and ways of living are affected adversely by the scarce availability of water. Life whether biotic or abiotic becomes impossible without water. Survival on earth is not .possible in the absence of water. About 60-70% water is used for agriculture, 15-20% in industries and remaining for the domestic purposes.

Question 2.
What is the analysis of the consumption of water per day/per individual?
Answer:
Analysis of Consumption of Water:

1.	Brushingh teeth	12 to 8 It
2.	Flushing toilets	15 to 40 It
3.	Leakages of taps	10 It
4.	Washing hands in running taps	2 to 8 It
5.	Washing utensils	10 to 20 It
6.	Shower/Bath tub	20 to 200 It
7.	Washing Clothes	20 to 40 It
8.	Drinking Water	3 to 6 It
9.	Cleaning	15 to 20 It
10.	Other uses	10 It
	Normal use	100 It
	Rich people/Bath tub culture	360 to 400 It

Question 3.
As regards water resource the geographical conditions of Rajasthan are not favourable? Explain.
Answer:
Geographically, Rajasthan does not have very favourable conditions. Annual average rainfall is the minimum and there is a dearth of the perennial rivers and the Western Rajasthan is desert and is prone to drought and famine for years together. Underground water resources have either no water or very limited quantity of water. About 90% population of Rajasthan depends upon ground water resources and about 60-70% water used for agriculture comes from ground resources. Reckless exploitation of water for years together has emptied the reserves of water.

Question 4.
Write any five important facts regarding water conservation?
Answer:
Five Facts are:

1. About 2.5% of total water is lost through evaporation.
2. India has 22- lakh tubewells; the maximum in the world.
3. 22nd March is celebrated as the World Water Day.
4. In Rajasthan 27 districts have excessive saline water, 30 districts have excessive flouride and 28 districts have excess of Iron elements.
5. Out of 236 blocks of Rajasthan, 140 Zones have been declared Dark Zones and 50 Zones as Grey Zones.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What efforts should be made for the water conservation in the agricultural sector.
Answer:
Efforts to be made in the agricultural sector for the water conservation:

1. The farmer should collect water in his farm by constructing Kacha or bricked tank, and should apply rain water harvesting techniques as:
   1. Seeping water directly into underground reservoir or
   2. Percolating water collected in the trenches, into the ground or
   3. By piping it into wells or
   4. Pushing water into the tubewells with filters fixed atop, through pipes.
   5. Collecting the rooftop or farm rain water directly in the tanks.
2. He should grow the crops needing less of water, depending upon the situation in the state.
3. The cash crops like wheat, rice, sugarcane etc. need more water. The farmer should avoid growing them so far as possible in the areas with less water and should replace them by growing crops needing less of water to grow.
4. He should use Sprinkle and Drip irrigation systems.
5. As far as possible he should experiment the new research techniques in his farm to better the agricultural production with judicious use of water.

Question 2.
Suggest the measures to be adopted by the Local self-administration for water- conservation.
Answer:
Local Self Administration should adopt the following measures to conserve water:

1. Crores of liters of water in the urban areas flows into the Sewerage. The local administration can recycle and retreat it to be used for watering plants, cleaning of floors and utensil, washing clothes etc.
2. Construction of tanks or rain water harvesting system should be made compulsory before giving approval for the multi-storeyed buildings.
3. Strict punishment should be given to those installing booster to draw more water, taking illegal connections, using the larger sized water pipe than legally approved etc.
4. Leakage from the pipelines should be immediately checked.
5. Efforts should be made to renovate and rejuvenate the old water resources by adopting new techniques.
6. Wells and tanks should be regularly cleaned apd they should be cleared of the silt and mud deposits.

Question 3.
What steps are required at the government level for the water conservation?
What has been done by the Rajasthan Government?
Answer:
I. Steps for Water Conservation at the Government level:
It is the primary duty of the government to make available pure drinking water as a part of public welfare schemes. For this purpose in 1986 the National Drinking Water (Potable) Mission was established confirming the Government priority to make water available for drinking, agriculture, hydro-electricity, water- transportation, industries etc.

1. For conservation of water it is necessary that government should make timely repairs of water bodies like dams, canals etc, renovate and rejuvenate them, increase their storage capacity, make accessible the new techniques of recharging ground water.
2. Strict laws should be passed and enforced to check the wastage and excessive use of water in the urban areas.
3. Proper means should be assured and ascertained to check the pollution of water and to recycle and retreat the industrial wastes.
4. Effective measures should be taken to improve agricultural and horticultural production.

II. The Rajasthan government:
It has made it compulsory for all the government buildings to collect rain water, as a part of its Water Conservation Programme, and has at the same time accelerated its rain water harvesting plans for the recharge of water in the water reservoirs. The roof top rain water is collected in a trench and is piped directly into the ground or the rain water is collected in a tank. The roof water can be percolated into the ground through hand pump, and wells.

We hope the given RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 6 Water Conservation : Need of Today will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 6 Water Conservation : Need of Today, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 5 Public Administration in Rajasthan are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 5 Public Administration in Rajasthan.

Board	RBSE
Textbook	SIERT, Rajasthan
Class	Class 9
Subject	Rajasthan Adhyayan
Chapter	Chapter 5
Chapter Name	Public Administration in Rajasthan
Number of Questions Solved	55
Category	RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 5 Public Administration in Rajasthan

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Prior to integration (unification) of Rajasthan there were
(a) 20
(b) 35
(c) 33
(d) 19
Answer:
(d).

Question 2.
When is the Rajasthan Day celebrated every year?
(a) March 5
(b) March, 20
(c) March 30
(d) March, 15
Answer:
(c).

Question 3.
Unification of Rajasthan was completed in
(a) Seven stages
(b) Five stages
(c) Three stages
(d) Four stages
Answer:
(a).

Question 4.
The strength of the present Vidhan Sabha of Rajasthan is
(a) 160
(b) 320
(c) 200
(d) 180
Answer:
(c).

Question 5.
Governor is appointed by the
(a) Prime minister
(b) President
(c) Chief Minister
(d) Chief Justice
Answer:
(b).

Question 6.
Chief Minister is appointed by the
(a) Governor
(b) Chief Justice
(c) Prime Minister
(d) Public
Answer:
(a).

Question 7.
Normally, the term of governor is
(a) 10 years
(b) 6 years
(c) 3 years
(d) 5 years
Answer:
(d).

Question 8.
Total Number of divisions in Rajasthan is
(a) Three
(b) Seven
(c) Thirty three
(d) Ten
Answer:
(b).

Question 9.
The highest officer under the Chief Minister is
(a) Chief Secretary
(b) District Collector
(c) Superintendent of Police
(d) Divisional Commissioner
Answer:
(a).

Question 10.
The highest district officer is
(a) Divisional Commissioner
(b) Tehsildar Divisional
(c) Sub-Divisional Officer
(d) District Collector
Answer:
(d).

Question 11.
Duration of the local administrative bodies is
(a) 5 years
(b) 6 years
(c) 4 years
(d) 10 years
Answer:
(a).

Question 12.
Minimum age to be the member of the Panchayati Raj Institutions is
(a) 30 years
(b) 35 years
(c) 21 years
(d) 25 years
Answer:
(c).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did the first stage of unification of Rajasthan start?
Answer:
The first stage of unification of Rajasthan is dated 17th March 1948.

Question 2.
Who was vested with the responsibility for the integration of the Indian State?
Answer:
Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel was vested with the task of integrating the Indian states.

Question 3.
During which stage of integration was the state named Rajasthan?
Answer:
Rajasthan name was given to the state during 6th stage of unification.

Question 4.
What are the other names commonly used for Vidhayika?
Answer:
Vidhayika is also known as Legislature or Vidhan Mandai.

Question 5.
What is Legislature?
Answer:
Legislature is an organ of the government, which enacts laws for administering the state.

Question 6.
How many organs does the government have?
Answer:
Government has three organs:

1. Legislature
2. Executive
3. Judiciary

Question 7.
What type of Executive is the governor?
Answer:
Governor is the nominal executive.

Question 8.
What is Executive?
Answer:
Executive is one of the organs of the government, which gets, executed laws passed by the Legislature.

Question 9.
Which is the real executive?
Answer:
Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister is known as the real executive.
It exercises the real administrative powers.

Question 10.
Who appoints the Chief Secretary?
Answer:
Chief Secretary is appointed by the Chief Minister of the state.

Question 11.
What is the highest officer of the Police administration in the state known as?
Answer:
The highest ranking police officer in the state is know as Director General (DGP).

Question 12.
To which services do the police Dy. Superintendent belong?
Answer:
Dy. Superintendent of police belongs to State Police Services.

Question 13.
Name the tri-patrite levels of the Indian administration?
Answer:
Tri-patrite levels of the Indian administration are:

1. Central level
2. State level
3. Local level

Question 14.
How many types of urban local self-administration bodies are there in the state? Name them.
Answer:
There are three types of urban local self administration bodies and they are:

1. City corporation
2. City council
3. Municipality

Question 15.
Which are the three levels of the Panchayati raj^in Rajasthan known as?
Answer:
Three levels of the Panchayati raj in Rajasthan are known as:

1. Zila Parishad at district level.
2. Panchayat Samiti at Block level.
3. Gram Panchayat at Village level.

Question 16.
What is the- head of the Gram Panchayat in the state known as?
Answer:
Head of the Gram Panchayat in the state is known as Sarpanch.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Clarify the first stage of integration of Rajasthan?
Answer:
First stage of Integration of Rajasthan:
Formation of the Matsay Sangh (union): On 17th March, 1948 the four princely states i.e. Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Karauli were merged to form a union, known as the Matsay Sangh. It was named Matsay Sangh on the suggestions of K.M. Munshi. Maharaja of Dhaulpur was appointed its Raj Pramukh.

Question 2.
Explain the process of Integration of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Process of Integration of Rajasthan:

1st stage: On 17th March, 1948, the princely states of Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Karauli were merged to form the Matsay union.

2nd stage: On March 25, 1948. Nine princely states of Banswara, Bundi, Dungarpur, Jhalawar, Kota, Kishangarh, Pratapgarh, Shahpura and Tonk were merged to form Samyukta Rajasthan, with Kota as its capital.

3rd stage: On April 18, 1948 Udaipur state was merged with the ex-Rajasthan and it was named Samyukta (United) Rajasthan, with Udaipur as its capital and Maharaja of Udaipur as its Raj Pramukh.

4th stage: On 30th March, 1949 Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner and Jaisalmer were merged with the Samyukta Rajasthan to form Greater Rajasthan, with Jaipur as its Capital As such 30th March is celebrated every year as the Rajasthan Diwas (Day).

5th stage: On 15th May the Samyukta (United) Greater Rajasthan was formed after the process of merger of Greater Rajasthan and Matsay union was completed. This merger was based on the recommendations of Shankar Dev Samiti.

6th stage: On 26th January, 1995 Sirohi state was joined with the Samyukta Greater Rajasthan and the state was named as Rajasthan.

7th stage: On 15t Nov, 1956 the State Reorganisation Act was enforced. Under this Act Sinroz of Kota district was given to Madhya Bharat (M.P) and Ajmer- Merwara, Abu Tehsil, Sunel Tappa part of Bhanpur Tehsil in Mandsaur district of Madhya Bharat were merged with Rajasthan. Thus, the state of Rajasthan came into existence. Jaipur was made its capital.

Question 3.
Which are the main powers of Governor?
Answer:
Powers of the Governor are:

1. To appoint Chief Minister and on his advice, to form the council of ministers and to make administrative appointments.
2. To Summon, adjourn and dissolve the Legislative Assembly.
3. To exercise financial, legislative and granting of pardon powers.

Question 4.
Write the process of appointment of Chief Minister?
Answer:
Appointment of Chief Minister:
There is no specific qualification given in the constitution for the appointment of Chief Minister. Rajasthan Govenor delivers an oath of office to the leader of the majority party in the Legislative Assembly. He is the member of the house. In case he is not the member of the Legislative Assembly, he has to get elected within a period of six months. If none of the parties has a clear majority in the Legislative Assembly governor exercises his discretionary power.

Question 5.
Write the functions of the Chief Minister?
Answer:
Functions of the Chief Minister

1. He forms his council of Ministers.
2. He distributes portfolios among the members of council of ministers and presides over the meetings of the cabinet.
3. He informs the Governor of the decisions of the council of ministers regarding state administration.
4. He supervises all the ministerial departments and coordinates their activities.
5. He proclaims in the Legislative assembly administrative policies, and gets support of the house for them.
6. He gives leadership to the house and the government.
7. If the governor asks for any information regarding administration of the state and any legislation, he makes it available.

Question 6.
Write about general administration of the state?
Answer:
General Administration of the state:
For the general administration the state has been divided into 7 divisions and 33 districts, and below them are sub-divisions and Tehsils. In the whole of this system there is Chief secretary at the highest level, under the Chief Minister. He is from Indian Administrative Services. He is appointed by the Chief Minister. The Chief Secretary also acts as the Cabinet secretary. His main duty is to advise Chief-Minister and Cabinet on the administrative matters.

There are different departments to run the state administration and each department is under the minister who is assisted by the secretary for administration. He gives necessary aid and advice to the ministers in the policy formation. These policies are implemented by different departments through the respective Directorates each of which is headed by Director General/Director.

Question 7.
Write about the Police administration in hierarchical order from top to bottom?
Answer:
Police Administration from top to bottom be put as-

1. Director General of Police (D.G.P) — At Police Head quarter.
2. Inspector General of Police (I.G) — At Range level
3. Superintendent of Police (S.P) — At District level
4. Circle officer (CO) — At circle level.
5. Police Inspector/Dy Inspector — At Thana level.
6. Head Constable and constables.

Question 8.
What does Local Self-administration mean?
Answer:
Local Self Administration:
It means formation of local bodies for administration at the local level with the participation of the local public solution to the development of the local area are found by the people through their political participation. The local representatives of the people at different levels i.e. rural and urban seek solution to the local problems of their respective area.

Question 9.
What are the main features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act?
Answer:
Main Features of the 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act are:

1. Constitutional Status:
   By adding part IX and article 16, the Panchayati Raj has been granted the constitutional status by vesting more powers with it.
2. Reservation System:
   Provision for reservation has been made for the
   1. Scheduled castes and scheduled tribes
   2. Women
   3. Backward Classes and
   4. Offices of Chairpersons.
3. Term:
   The Panchayati Raj Institutions have now a term of 5 years but if dissolved earlier, elections must be held within a period of 6 months.
4. Formation of Gram Sabha:
   Each Gram Panchayat must have a gram sabha and all the adults of that area are its members. It must meet at least twice in a year and presently in Rajasthan it meets four times in a year.
5. Functions and Powers:
   These institutions have power over the 29 subjects given in 11 th schedule.
6. Tri-patrite system:
   1. Gram Panchayat at Village level.
   2. Panchayat Samiti at Block level.
   3. Zila Parishad at District level.

Question 10.
Explain the reservation system in the Panchayati Raj Institutions.
Answer:
Reservation system in the Panchayati Raj:

(a)Reservation for the scheduled castes and the scheduled tribes:
The state government has made the provision of reservation for these two classes at different levels in proportion to their population, by rotation.
(b )Reservation for Women:
Under this provision, there is l/3rd of reservation for women in each cases. This goes by rotation. The present state government has made a provision of 50% reservation for the women in the Panchayati Raj and Urban administration.
(c) Reservation for the Backward classes:
The State government has presently made provision of 21 % reservation for the backward classes.
(d) Reservation for the offices of the chair persons:
For the Chairpersons of the local bodies the above mentioned three types of reservation has been made.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain steps wise integration of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Step by step Integration of Rajasthan:
Prior to independence Rajasthan was split into 19 princely states, 2 Chiefships and one British administered territory. Jodhpur was the largest state and Lava ChiefsKip was the smallest. Each state had its own administrative system and was governed by Rajpramukh or Raja, Maharaja and Maharana. There was a lack of coordination among them. After independence the process of integration was initiated in the whole country and Rajasthan unification too became a part of this process. Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel played a major role in it and Rajasthan was integrated step by step. This process was started in Rajasthan on 17th March, 1948 and it was completed on I st November 1956 in seven stages.

• First Stage-Formation of Matsay union:
Four states i.e. Alwar, Bharatpur, Dhaulpur and Karauli were combined on 17th March 1948 to form a union, known as the Matsay Sangh. It was named so on K.M. Munshi’s suggestions. Maharaja of Dhaulpur was made its Raj Pramukh.

• Second Stage — Formation of United (Samyukta) Rajasthan:
On 26th March, 1948, Nine princely states — Banswara, Bundi, Dungarpur, Jhalawar, Kota,Kishangarh, Pratapgarh, Shahpura and Tonk were merged to form the Samyukta Rajasthan and Kota was made its Capital.

• Third Stage:
On 19th April, 1948, Udaipur state was combined with ex- Rajasthan and was named Samyukta Rajasthan. Udaipur was made its Capital and Maharaja of Udaipur as its Raj Pramukh.

• Fourth Stage – Greater Rajasthan:
Four big states of Jaipur, Jodhpur, Bikaner and Jaisalmer were merged with the Samyukta Rajasthan on March, 30,1949, to form the Greater Rajasthan. After a detailed discussion its Charter was prepared and Jaipur was made its capital. It was an important step towards the integration of the state. That is why 30th March is celebrated as the Rajasthan Day. In the Samyukta Rajasthan, Hira Lai Shastri was made the Pradhan Mantri (Chief Minister).

• Fifth Stage – Samyukta Greater Rajasthan:
n 15th May, 1949 merger of greater Rajasthan and Matsay sangh was completed and the Samyukta Greater Rajasthan was formed. Prior to the merger of the Matsay Sangh, Sankar Dev Samiti was organised to gather the opinion of the public of this area and the merger, was done on its recommendations.

• Sixth Stage:
The only left out Sirohi state was merged with the Samyukta Greater sangh on Jan, 26, 1950. It was the time when India was declared a Sovereign Democratic Republic State and the state was named as Rajasthan.

• Seventh Stage:
This was the last step. On 1st November 1956. The States Reorganisation Act. 1956 was enforced and under this Act, Sironj of Kota district was transferred to Madhya Bharat and Ajmer-Merwara, Abu Tehsil and Sunel- tappa part of Bhanpur tehsil of Mandsaur district of Madhya Bharat (Madhya Pradesh) were merged with Rajasthan. Jaipur was made the capital of Rajasthan.

Question 2.
Analyse the nature of the Rajasthan State Legislature?
Answer:
Rajasthan has uni-cameral legislature i.e. there is only one house known as the Vidhan Sabha. It comprises of200 members who are elected directly by the voters. To be elected as an M.L.A, a candidate should have the following qualifications:

1. He should be a citizen of India.
2. He should have completed 25 years of age.
3. He must possess all other qualifications required under the law of the Parliament.
4. He should not be holding any office of profit under the state or the union government.
5. He should not have been declared insolvent or lunatic by judiciary.

Term of the Legislature is five years, however, under article 352 its term can be extended by one year by the Parliament, in a situation of emergency. It can also be dissolved earlier by the President on the recommendations of the governor.
Quorum of the Vidhan Sabha is l/10ths of the total members. As per constitutional provision, it must have its sessions, with not more than six months difference between the two. Presently, three sessions are held-Budget session, Winter session and Monsoon session.

Rajasthan Vidhan Sabha has a Chairman and Dy. Chairman. Chairman and in his absence Dy. Chairman conducts the meetings of the house, protects privileges of the members, maintains law and discipline in house, grants permission to the members to question, to introduce bills and to initiate discussion. He allows voting and declares the result. He can be dismissed earlier than 5 years through a specific majority by giving him 14 days notice in advance.

Legislature makes laws on all the subjects in the state list and the concurrent list. There are 66 subjects in the state list and 47 subjects in the concurrent list. Vidhan Sabha passes the annual budget of the state and also participates in the amendment of the constitution. Members of the Legislature also take part the elections of the President of India.
Thus Rajasthan Legislature has:

1. Legislative Powers
2. Executive Powers by exercising control over council of Ministers.
3. Financial Powers.
4. Constitution-amendment powers.
5. Electoral powers.

Question 3.
Explain Nature and functions/powers of the state Executive:
Answer:
Executive of the Rajasthan State.
It is of two types:

1. Nominal or the constitutional and
2. Real executive

1. Nominal Executive:
It is the governor of the state. He is appointed by the President according to article 155 of the constitution for a period of five years but can be dismissed or removed even earlier.
For the post of the governor, the required qualifications are:

1. He should be the citizen of India.
2. He should have completed the age of 35 years.

Power and Functions of Governor are:

1. To appoint Chief Minister and to form council of ministers on his advice.
2. To summon, adjourn and dismiss the Legislative Assembly.
3. To exercise financial, legislative and pardoning powers.

2. Real Executive:
According to article 163 of “the constitution, there shall be a council of ministers headed by the Chief-Minister to aid and advise the governor. Governor delivers on oath of office to the leader of the majority party or the member of the Vidhan Sabha. In case he is not the member of the Vidhan Sabha (State Legislature), he has to get elected within a period of six month from the date of his appointment. In case no party has a clear majority in the state Legislature, the governor exercises his discretionary powers.
Functions of the Chief-Minister are:

1. To form his council of ministers.
2. To distribute portfolios among the ministers, and to summon and présider over the meetings of the Cabinet.
3. To keep governor informed of all the decisions of council of ministers regarding state administration.
4. To keep a watch over all the ministers and departments and to coordinate their activities.
5. To proclaim administrative policies and decisions of the cabinet in the Vidhan Sabha and then get them passed
6. To act as a leader of the house and the government.
7. To convey any information asked for by the governor regarding administration and legislation.

The real executive i.e. Chief Minister can advise the President to dismiss the Vidhan Sabha earlier. The Legislative Assembly can dismiss the Chief Minister earlier than five years by passing a Vote of no-confidence against him. His dismissal means dismissal of the whole council of Ministers.

Chief-Minister acts as a link between the governor and council of Ministers. It is the Chief-Minister who keeps governor, informed from time to time, of the administrative decisions.
The real position of Chief-Minister as the real executive depends upon various factors as his personality, majority of his party in the house and his popularity in public.

Question 4.
Describe the Revenue and Law and order system of Rajasthan?
Answer:
I. Revenue Administrative System:
For revenue and law and order the state has been divided into 7 divisions — Jaipur, Jodhpur, Ajmer, Udaipur, Kota, Bikaner and Bharatpur.
For the revenue matters the highest body in the state is the Revenue Board with its headquarter at Ajmer. In each division there is a Divisional Commissioner who is an IAS officer and under him are district collectors and police superintendents of all the districts in the division. He has to maintain coordination between the police and general administration departments in order to maintain law and order in the whole division, as well as to resolve the revenue related matters.

At the district level there is a Collector/ Magistrate who is an IAS Officer. He has to see to the administration of the whole district and under him are the Sub-divisional officers/Magistrate at the Sub-division level. Then there is one Tehsildar for each Tehsil. Tehsildar is assisted by Naib Tehsildar, Kanongo etc. Tehsil is divided into Patwar circle which is headed by Patwari. Each Patwar circle is divided into many villages.

II. Police Administration:
For maintaining law and order in the state there is Home Department which is under the Home Minister of the State. Home Minister is assisted by the Home Secretary at the secretariat level. The head of the police department at the state level is D.G.P (Director General of Police). He is a senior IAS Officer. Headquarter of Police is at Jaipur. For the convenience of Police administration the whole state is divided into eight ranges — Ajmer, Bikaner, Bharatpur, Jaipur Range I, Jaipur range II, Jodhpur, Kota and Udaipur.

Each range is headed by Inspector General of Police (I.G) from the Indian Police Services.
Each range is divided into districts. There is a Superintendent of Police (S.P) at the district head to maintain law and order.
District is divided into Circles whose Chief Officer is Circle Officer (C.O) who is, ordinarily from State Police Service (R.P.S). A Circle is divided into Thanas and under each thana is a Police Chauki, the smallest unit. Thana is under Police Inspector or Dy. Inspector. Besides there are head constable and constables.

Question 5.
Write an essay on the Panchayati Raj in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Panchayati Raj in Rajasthan:
The then Prime Minister, Pt. Jawahar Lai Nehru inaugurated the Panchayati Raj system in Rajasthan on 2nd Oct, 1959. Presently there is a three tier (Tripatrite) system of the Panchayati Raj

1. Gram Panchayat at the Village level.
2. Panchayat Samit at the Block level.
3. Zila Parishad at the District level.

By the 73rd Constitutional Amendment, 1992 they have been granted the constitutional status and by adding the 11 schedule III the constitution the Panchayati Raj Institutions have been given 29 subjects.
This Tri-tier system of the Panchayati Raj is

1. Gram Panchayat:
It comprises all the ward Panchs, Dy. Sarpanch and Sarpanch, and a gram secretary who is the government employee. Its meetings are held twice a year.

2. Panchayat Samiti:
It comprises elected members from the development block, Dy. Pradhan and Pradhan. Besides there is a Development Officer who is the government representative.

3. Zila Parishad:
It is the highest body of the Panchayati Raj System at the district level. It comprises Zila Parishad members, Zila Pramukh and a Dy. Zila Pramukh ; as well as a Chief Executive Officer.
Excluding Sarpanch all others as Chairpersons Dy. Chairpersons, Pradhans, Dy. Pradhans, Zila Pramukh and Dy. Zila Pramukh are elected by the members. Rajasthan had 9184 gram Panchayats, 239 Panchayat samities and 337 Zila Parishad.

Note:
By the declaration in the budget 2013-2014, four gram Panchayats were , been elevated to Municipal stature.
Chart for the Panchayati Raj Institutions in Rajasthan

S.No.	Name of the Institution	Political Representatives	Administrative Officers
1.	Zila Parishad	Zila Pramukh, Dy. Zila Pramukh and Zila Parishad Members	Chief Executive Officer
2.	Panchayat Samiti	Pradhan and Dy. Pradhan and Panchayat Samiti Members	Development Officers
3.	Gram Panchayat	Sarpanch, Dy. Sarpanch and Panchas	Gram Secretary (Sewak)

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
What is the required quorum for the Vidhan Sabha proceedings?
(a) 1/10 th
(b) 1/3 rds
(c) 1/4 th
(d) 1/6 th
Answer:
(a).

Question 2.
Prior to Independence there were 19 Princely states, 2 Chiefships and 1 British administered territory. The largest of all these was
(a) Jaipur
(b) Kota
(c) Udaipur
(d) Jodhpur
Answer:
(d).

Question 3.
Minimum age required to be the governor of a state is
(a) 21 years
(b) 25 years
(c) 35 years
(d) 30 years
Answer:
(c).

Question 4.
Process of Integration of Rajasthan was started on
(a) 17th March, 1948
(b) 20th March, 1948
(c) 22nd March, 1948
(d) 25th March, 1948
Answer:
(a).

Question 5.
The present Rajasthan came into being on
(a) 26th November 1956
(b) 1st November 1956
(c) 26th January 1956
(d) 26th January 1949
Answer:
(b).

Question 6.
Headquarter of the Rajasthan Revenue Board is located at
(a) Jaipur
(b) Alwar
(c) Ajmer
(d) Jodhpur
Answer:
(c).

Question 7.
Under which article of the constitution can the President appoint the governor of a state?
(a) Article 158
(b) Article 186
(c) Article 168
(d) Article 155
Answer:
(d).

Question 8.
Home Department of the state functions under
(a) Chief Minister
(b) Home Minister
(c) Governor
(d) Chief Secretary of the state
Answer:
(b).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was the propounder of the ‘Theory of Separation of Powers”?
Answer:
Theory of Separations of Powers was propounded by Montesquieu, the well known political scientist.

Question 2.
How many subjects are included in the state list and the concurrent list of the state?
Answer:
There are 66 subjects in the State list and 47 subjects in the concurrent list.

Question 3.
On the recommendations of which samiti was the Samyukta Greater Rajasthan formed by merging Greater Rajasthan and Matsay Sangh?
Answer:
It was on the recommendations of Shankar Dev Samiti that the Samyukta Greater Rajasthan was formed by merging the Greater Rajasthan and the Matsay Sangh.

Question 4.
When and from where was the Panchayati Raj launched in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The Panchayati Raj was launched in Rajasthan from Nagaur on 2nd Oct, 1959.

We hope the given RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 5 Public Administration in Rajasthan will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 5 Public Administration in Rajasthan, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 4 Economic System of Rajasthan are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 4 Economic System of Rajasthan.

Board	RBSE
Textbook	SIERT, Rajasthan
Class	Class 9
Subject	Rajasthan Adhyayan
Chapter	Chapter 4
Chapter Name	Economic System of Rajasthan
Number of Questions Solved	64
Category	RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 4 Economic System of Rajasthan

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The largest state of India, area wise is
(a) Madhya Pradesh
(b) Uttar Pradesh
(c) Rajasthan
(d) Bihar
Answer:
(c).

Question 2.
Percentage of rail routes of India passing through Rajasthan is
(a) 11%
(b) 15%
(c) 8%
(d) 17%
Answer:
(a).

Question 3.
The important national highway from the defence point of view in Rajasthan is
(a) National Highway No. 8
(b) National Highway No. 12
(c) National Highway No. 14
(d) NationalHighwayNo. 11
Answer:
(d).

Question 4.
The International airport in Rajasthan is
(a) Daboc
(b) Ratanada
(c) Sanganer
(d) Kota
Answer:
(c).

Question 5.
The biggest multipurpose river valley project of India is
(a) Bisalpur
(b) Mahi Bajaj
(c) Vyas
(d) BhakraNangal
Answer:
(d).

Question 6.
As regards production of Bajra, Rajasthan stands
(a) First
(b) Second
(c) Third
(d) Fourth
Answer:
(a).

Question 7.
The 20 point programme of Rajasthan was introduced in
(a) 1982
(b) 1975
(c) 1986
(d) 1991
Answer:
(a).

Question 8.
NREGA in India was launched in-
(a) Uttar Pradesh
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Andhra Pradesh
(d) Gujarat
Answer:
(c).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the area of Rajasthan?
Answer:
The area of Rajasthan is 3,42,239 Sq. km.

Question 2.
What is the number of main national highway in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Seven National Highways pass through Rajasthan.

Question 3.
How many types of basic infrastructures are there?
Answer:
There are two types of basic infrastructures.

Question 4.
Name the conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
The conventional sources of energy are Hydro electricity, Thermal power and Atomic power.

Question 5.
What is Multipurpose river valley project?
Answer:
Multipurpose River valley project is a project aiming at many purposes such as generation of electricity, supply of water for drinking, irrigation and fishing, facilitates tree plantation, solves the famine and drought conditions as well as promotes regional development.

Question 6.
What is the total length of the Indira Gandhi Canal Project?
Answer:
Total length of the Indira Gandhi Canal Project is 649 km.

Question 7.
Name the main large scale industries of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Main large scale industries of Rajasthan are Cement factory, Sugar mill, Cotton textile industry, Salt industry, Glass industry etc.

Question 8.
When was NREGA named MNREGA?
Answer:
NREGA was named MNREGA on 2nd Oct., 2009

Question 9.
When was Harit Rajasthan started in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Harit Rajasthan was started on June 18, 2009 in Rajasthan.

Question 10.
What is social audit?
Answer:
Social Audit a process of sharing with public through a public platform a detailed report of both the financial and non-financial resources used for the development works by the public institutions.

Question 11.
What is the state treasury deficit?
Answer:
When the government income is less than its expense- the government nas to get loan from the public to meet this difference This is called government/state treasury deficit.

Question 12.
What was the individual per capita income in Rajasthan in 2010-2011(FY)?
Answer:
Per capita income (individual) in Rajasthan in 2011 (FY) was Rs. 39,967 at current prices.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is infrastructural development?
Answer:
Basic Infrastructural Development includes transport, electricity and communications. Besides, irrigation also forms a part of basic infrastructure because development of agriculture depends upon irrigation.

Question 2.
Write about the types of roads in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Types of Roads in Rajasthan:

1. National Highways
2. State Highways
3. Main District Roads
4. Other District Roads
5. Rural Roads

Length of the Tarcoal roads in 2010-2011 was

S.No.	Type of Roads	Length
1.	National Highways	5724
2.	State Highways	11866
3.	Main District Roads	7829
4.	Other District Roads	24480
5.	Rural Roads	139135
	Total	189034

Question 3.
What is Rajasthan Road Vision?
Answer:
Rajasthan Road Vision:
Rajasthan Road Vision 2005 has been prepared to overhaul the roads of Rajasthan. This long term vision has been prepared by the Public Works Department for the development of roads in the state during the first 25 years of 21st Century. It has laid emphasis not only on the development of roads but also on their maintenance and quality. During the first 15 years all the villages will be connected with roads and during the next 10 years emphasis will be on Express ways, Fly-over, four lane state highways etc, and the development of new road links for the places of significance for religion, tourism, mining and industries. As regards road transport, Rajasthan can be considered a Model State.

Question 4.
Write about the sources of irrigation in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Sources of irrigation in Rajasthan are mainly canals, ponds, wells and tubewells. Maximum of irrigation is done by means of canals and wells. Wells and tube wells are the best source of irrigation. Area irrigated by means of canals in Rajasthan is less because of absence of the perennial canals. The south-eastern, plateau and rocky parts are irrigated through water from ponds.

Question 5.
Write a note on SEZ.
Answer:
SEZ i.e., Special Economic Zone has been marked in Rajasthan for the industrial development and generation of employment. SEZ is a specially marked area for industrial services and trade. It is given the Deemed Foreign territory status and is exempted from Excise duty and other duties. SEZ is in the process for Gems and Jewellery at Sitapura (Jaipur) in Rajasthan. Besides SEZ is being established at Jodhpur for Handicraft and Gwar gum units. In Jaipur RICCO and Mahindra Life Space Developer Limited are processing for SEZ under the Public Private Partnership (PPP) on the Jaipur-Ajmer National Highway.

Question 6.
Which are the main crops of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Main crops of Rajasthan:

1. Rabi crops are wheat, Gram, Barley, Mustard, Linseed, Sugarcane, Taramira, Cuminseed, Corriander, Potato, Peas, Opium.
2. Kharif Crops: Rice, Jwar, Bajra, Maize, Groundnut, Seasame, Soybean, Moong, Moth, Arhar, Sunflower etc.

Question 7.
What are the main characteristics of MNREGA?
Answer:
Characteristics of MNREGA:

1. Its emphasis is to assure 100 days job in a financial year to one member of each rural family.
2. 90% expenditure for giving employment is borne by the Central government and 10% by the State government.
3. Gram Panchayat will give employment within 15 days of application otherwise the applicant shall get the unemployment allowance.
4. There is a provision to make available child home, Drinking water, Primary health aid and shade at The MNREGA place of work. A citizen information board with details of work at the work place will be displayed.
5. Labourers working at the work place shall be enrolled in the register. The place of work shall be open for inspection.
6. Jeewan Beema Yojana will be made available to the worker of MNREGA.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the progress of transport sector in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Progress of transport in Rajasthan:
Transport plays a significant role in the economic development. Its utility increases during the time of natural crisis and the war. It has even cultural significance. It includes road, rail and air transportation. During the last few years Rajasthan has made a fast progress in transport sector.

Road Transport under the planned development:
The road transport has been expanded. The length of tar coal roads in 1950-51 in Rajasthan was 17339 km. which was extended to 189034 Ian in 2010-11. These roads include National Highways (5724 km.) State Highways (11866 km.), other district roads (24480 km.), Rural roads (139136 km.). Rajasthan has seven National Highways, five of them are the most important and the busiest highways.

In 1964 the Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation was established as a constitutional body, On 25th Dec., 2000 Prime Minister declared the Pradhanmantri Gram Sadak Yojana (PMGSY) to link all the villages by road.
Rajasthan Road Vision 2025 has been prepared to overhaul the road transport, This long term vision aims at the fast development of roads. Rajasthan is considered the Model State as regards road transport.

Rail Transport:
Presently rail transport is the biggest public enterprise of the government of India. Development of rails in Raj dsthan is the responsibility of the Central government Only 11 % of the total rail routes of India are in Rajasthan. In March 2002 the length of rail routes was 9.4% of the total rail routes length in India. The Broad gauge rails length in Rajasthan is 51.4% of the total length whereas it is 71.4% at the national level. In March 2008 total length of rail routes in the state was 5683.01 km. and the share of the Broadgauge was 68.37%, of the metre gauge 30. I 0% and of the narrow gauge 1.53%. On 31st March 2008 the average length of the rail routes per one thousand sq. km. in the state was 16.61 km.

Air Transport:
Prior to independence, development of air transport in Rajasthan was negligible. There was only the Jodhpur airport. In 1947 Bikaner-Jodhpur air service was started. After independence in 1947 the air transport was nationalised. It is the Civil Aviation Department which administers and regulates air transport. Main air services in India are Air India and Indian Air Lines. There are many private ai rlines too. Presently the state has Sanganer (Jaipur), Ratanada (Jodhpur) and Dabok (Udaipur) airports. Sanganer airport of Jaipur is of international level.

Question 2.
Describe the major trends of Industrial Development in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rajasthan Towards Industrial Development:
Rajasthan is the land of many industrial houses. It has given birth to many big industrialists as steel king, Laxmi Niwas Mittal, Birla, Dalmia, Singhania, Bangar, Poddar etc. They have earned a great name and fame in India and abroad.
The government has laid a special emphasis through five years plans on the development of basic infrastructures and social structure. There are central government enterprises too in the state.

The backward districts of the state have been benefitted by the Central government subsidy scheme. The State Government has been making all efforts to attract the entrepreneurs from within India and abroad.
On 23rd and 24th Sept., 2000 the Rajasthan government organized in Jaipur the International Rajasthani Sammelan 2000, on the occasion of the Swam Jayanti of the state. The big industrialists are now attracted to invest in Rajasthan with a big change in the infrastructure of the state. Besides the state is rich in human and natural resources required for the industrial development.

If the mineral based industries are developed in the State, Rajasthan can be one of the industrially developed states of India.
Share of Industries in the State Gross Domestic product has increased from 27.8% in 2000-2001, to 29.7% in 2005-2006 though it has not shown much satisfactory progress in the later years.

Industrial Growth Rate:
In 2005-2006, the percentage growth rate of the mining and investment sector was 12.09% but the global recession of 2008 did affect adversely the economy of Rajasthan too.

Effect of Global recession on Rajasthan:
The Gross State Domestic product which was 6.70% in 2005-2006, fell to 5.48% in 2008-2009, at the constant prices. In the financial year 2008-2009 the mining and investment growth rate fell to 3.21%.

Registered Factories:
Their number has risen in the state from 9665 in 1987 to 10001 in 2007.

Development of small industries:
The State government has paid a special attention to develop the small industries and thereby to generate employment opportunities. In 1975-1976 the registered units of small industries in Rajasthan was 20102 and it touched the figure of 3.20 lacs in 2008-2009. The number of persons employed in small industries has arisen to 13.16 lakhs from 1.76 lakh in 1975-76. The capital investment has increased to Rs. 8888.21 crore from Rs. 72.37 crore in 2008-2009.

Khadi and Gramudyog:
In order to promote the Khadi and Gramudyog in the state, Fashion For Development Yojana is in operation. There has been an improvement in the quality of Khadi textile. In 2008-2009 the production of Khadi was valued at Rs. 18.14 crore and, of Gramoudyog at Rs. 301. 79 crore.

Industrial Production:
Presently Rajasthan has units of cotton and synthetic fibres, woollen, sugar, cement, television and tyre tube factories, vegetable oil mills. Engineering industrial units, large and medium minerals based units. Rajasthan imports mainly emerald, ornaments, textile, mechanical goods, readymade garments. Handicrafts, chemicals, agricultural products, minerals based goods.

There are 36 industrial products in Rajasthan. A few statistics for the industrial products in 2008 are as vegetable oil 57480 tons, edible oil – 120866 tons, cotton textile – 20340 lakh metre, synthetic thread 536.60 lakh kg. Urea – 371883 tons, sulphuric acid – 594045 tons, cement 101.20 lakh tons, water meter 89592 etc. The above facts prove that Rajasthan is progressing fast in respect of industrial development.

Question 3.
Discuss the role of agriculture in the economy of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Role of Agriculture in the Rajasthan economy:
Agriculture plays a significant role in the economy of Rajasthan. According to the 2011 census share of the rural population in the total population of the sate was 75.05%. The Rural population depends upon agriculture for its livelihood. The reporting area of Rajasthan for the land use in 2008 was 34270 thousand hectare. Out of it the gross agricultural area was 22208 thousand hectare which was 64.80% of the reporting area. In 2007-2008 the gross irrigated area from different sources was 8088 thousand hectare which was 36.42% of the total agricultural area.

Contributions of agriculture and related areas in the Gross State Domestic Product: Gross SDP is the monetary value of all the finished goods and services produced within a state in a specific period. In the financial year 2005-2006, the contribution of agriculture, industries and services in Gross Domestic product of the state was 27.52%, 29.72% and 42.76% respectively. For the financial year 2008-2009, the estimated figures were 27.19%, 28.80% and 44.01%- respectively for agriculture, industries and services.

Agriculture Growth Rate:
The growth rate of agriculture and related services is having unfluctuating trend. In 2005-2006 the growth rate of agriculture and related activities was negative i.e. 0.88% and it fose to 6.12% in 2008-2009. Under the planned development there has been an increase in the foodgrains production, but there is a fluctuating trend mainly because of dependence of agriculture on monsoons. In 1960-61, the foodgrains production was 45.41 lakh tonnes which was raised to 109.35 lakh tonnes in 1990-91 and to 159.53 lakh tonnes (Provisional) in 2008-2009.

As regards of Bajra, Rajasthan holds the first place. l/3rd of the Bajra production in the country comes from Rajasthan. Maize contributes l/8th share to the total Maize production in the country. Rajasthan is the largest producer of Barley in the country, only next to Uttar Pradesh.
Thus agriculture contributes largely to the economic growth of the state.

Question 4.
Explain the significance of Harit Rajasthan in the context of climate change.
Answer:
Today the global environmental balance has been disturbed due to quick climate changes. Natural resources are being excessively exploited. The temperature is constantly rising. The developed and the developing nations are responsible for increase in carbon emission. It is a matter of concern for the whole of India too. Rajasthan being a part of India, cannot remain unaffected, especially when the western Rajasthan is desert and sandy. It has high temperature and there is an uncertainty of monsoons. Famine and Drought fire the major problems.Total Area under forests in Rajasthan in 2005-2006 was 32,627 Sq. km. constituting 9.54%-of the total area. Forests play a significant role in maintaining environmental equilibrium.

In order to find solution to the environmental challenges and climatic changes, the State government launched on 18th June, 2009 Harit Rajasthan Campaign by planting saplings in Shiksha Sankul premises. This Harit Rajasthan campaign is not for one year but it is for five years and is scheduled to be continued for indefinite period. Thus it is a continuous process. Harit Rajasthan is such a campaign of state government which will expand the forest area rapidly in the years to come. On the initiative of Chief Minister, Harit Rajasthan has been linked with MNREGA. This will ascertain the participation of rural citizens in v tree-plantation and will generate employment for the poor in villages.

On 12th August, 2009 a new record has been set in Kheplaroo Village of Dungarpur by planting 6 lakh saplings.
The state government has taken an initiative by giving employment as ‘Van Mitar’ to the youths. For the safety of the tigers in Rajasthan, The Tiger Conservation Force has been organised under the centrally sponsored scheme. DNA test process has been started in Ranthambor and Sariska to overcome obstacles to progency of the tigers. Ranthambor National park (Sawai Madhopur) is listed among the best Tiger Project zones.

In order to save the medicinal plants from being extinct, the state government has been taking steps to conserve the medicinal plants. The forest employees are being trained in the Forestry Conservation Institution for conserving the medicinal plants especially Google, Saalar, Safed Musali, Beejasaal etc.

Under The Harit Rajasthan Campaign, about 2.50 crore saplings have been planted in 50 thousand hectare by Oct. 2009. About 44772 saplings have been planted by the road sides. Even the Private organisations, voluntary organisations, trusts and educational institutions are playing a great role to make Rajasthan Harit Plan a success. Its complete success depends upon monsoons. Harit Rajasthan is the greater campaign of tree plantation. It will be surely, a great step towards bringing more land under forest cover. This campaign will become a source of inspiration for other states too and will lay the foundation of the Harit Bharat. By continuing to working for such a campaign the problem of climate change can be solved to a great extent.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
It is one of the conventional sources of energy
(a) Hydro electricity
(b) Nuclear energy
(c) Thermal power
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d).

Question 2.
Rajasthan State Road Transport Corporation was established in
(a) 1964
(b) 1966
(c) 1960
(d) 1984
Answer:
(a).

Question 3.
As regards population Rajasthan holds
(a) 5th place
(b) 6th place
(c) 7th place
(d) 8th place
Answer:
(d).

Question 4.
Jawaharsagar dam was constructed under the
(a) Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project
(b) Chambal Project Beesalpur
(c) Jakham Irrigation Project
(d) Irrigation Project
Answer:
(b).

Question 5.
The oldest factory of Rajasthan
(a) Cement factory
(b) Cotton textile factory
(c) Sugar factory
(d) Glass factory
Answer:
(b).

Question 6.
Harit Rajasthan Yojana was introduced in Rajasthan in
(a) May, 2009
(b) May, 2008
(c) June, 2009
(d) July, 2009
Answer:
(c).

Question 7.
It is one of the main items of the 20 point programme
(a) Distribution of surplus land
(b) Drinking water facility
(c) Integrated Rural Employment Yojana
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d).

Question 8.
The Indian economy was affected by the global recession in
(a) 2006
(b) 2007
(c) 2008
(d) 2009
Answer:
(c).

Question 9.
It is not one of the Rabi crops of Rajasthan
(a) Rice
(b) Gram
(c) Mustard
(d) Wheat
Answer:
(a).

Question 10.
According to 2011 population census the percentage of rural population of the total population of Rajasthan is
(a) 70%
(b) 72.07%
(c) 75.07%
(d) 78.07%
Answer:
(c).

Question 11.
The literacy percentage in Rajasthan as per 20il census is
(a) 67.06
(b) 59.02
(c) 60.41
(d) 60.06
Answer:
(a).

Question 12.
Indira Gandhi Canal Project was known as the Rajasthan Canal Project till
(a) 2nd November 1980
(b) 20th November 1984
(c) 2nd November 1984
(d) 2nd November 1985
Answer:
(c).

Question 13.
It is not one of the centrally sponsored projects in Rajasthan
(a) Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana
(b) Apana Gaon Apana Kaam Yojana
(c) Jawahar Gram Samridhi Yojana
(d) Indira Aawas Yojana
Answer:
(b).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
On whose recommendation is the central monetary assistance transferred to the states?
Answer:
It is on the recommendation of the Central Finance Commission that money is transferred to the states.

Question 2.
What is Revenue deficit?
Answer:
When the state revenue in a financial year is less than its expenditure, it is known as the revenue deficit.

Question 3.
Which sectors are included to find out G.D.P. (Gross Domestic Product)?
Answer:
Three sectors are included to find out G.D.P. i.e. Agriculture, Industry and Services.

Question 4.
Who publishes the budget passed by the state legislature?
Answer:
When the budget has been passed by the state legislature, it is published by the Economic and Statistical Directorate.

Question 5.
Who takes care of the development of National Highways?
Answer:
It is the National Highway Authority which looks after the development of the National Highways.

Question 6.
Which is area wise the largest state of India?
Answer:
Areawise Rajasthan is the largest state of India.

Question 7.
Name the non-conventional sources of energy.
Answer:
Non-Conventional sources of energy are Bio-gas,.Solar energy, Wind energy etc.

Question 8.
What is the full form of MGNREGA?
Answer:
Full form of MGNREGA is Mahatama Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.

Question 9.
Which is the Mewat region of Rajasthan?
Answer:
The Mewat Region of Rajasthan includes Alwar, Bharatpur with Mev population.

Question 10.
In which districts of Rajasthan is the Border Area Development Programme being conducted?
Answer:
The Border Area Development Programme is being conducted in four districts of Rajasthan—Barmer, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Sanganer.

Question 11.
When was the Ganganagar Sugar Mill established?
Answer:
Ganganagar Sugar Mill was established in 1938.

Question 12.
Who is running the Fashion For Development Yojana in the state?
Answer:
Fashion For Development Yojana is being run by The Khadi and Gramudyog.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define GDP.
Answer:
GDP (Gross Domestic Product): It is the monetary value of all the finished goods produced within a country/state in a specific period. It includes three sectors i.e. agriculture, industry and services.

Question 2.
Write about Job card in reference to MNREGA.
Answer:
Under MNREGA, all the adult members of a rural family, who are unskilled manual workers and are willing to work, have the right to employment. Such families shall apply to the Gram Panchayat for the Job card. The Gram Panchayat shall certify the age and local residence of the applicant and after that will issue to that family the Job card with the photo affixed on it. Job card should remain with the family. Job card holder — male/female can apply to the Gram Panchayat for work. Women have 33% share in MNREGA.

Question 3.
Enumerate 20 items of the 20 point programme introduced in Rajasthan.
Answer:
20 items of the 20 point programme are:

1. Fully Rural Employment Yojana.
2. Distribution of Surplus Land.
3. Drinking water facility.
4. Community Health Centre.
5. Primary Health Centre.
6. Vaccination.
7. ICDS
8. Aanganwadis.
9. Help to the scheduled caste families.
10. Help to the scheduled tribes families.
11. Indira Aawas Yojana.
12. Avas for the economically weaker sections.
13. Improvement of slums.
14. Tree-plantation on private land.
15. Area acquired under public and forest land.
16. Rural electrification
17. Energised pumpsets.
18. Improvised Ovens.
19. Avas for the low income groups.
20. Bio-gas plant.

Question 4.
Write notes on

1. Revenue Receipts and Expenditure.
2. Capital Receipts and Capital Expenditure.

Answer:

1. Revenue Receipts/Revenue Expenditure:
   Revenue receipt is the income of the government from taxes. Revenue Expenditure means expenses on government employees’ salaries, subsidy and interest amount.
2. Capital Receipts/Capital Expenditure:
   Capital receipts mean all types of income from the sale of assets ,as shares, interest received on the amount given as loan etc. Capital Expenditure includes money spent on purchase of capital as shares and interest to be paid for the loan taken.

Question 5.
What is the aim of Rural Development and poverty alleviation programmes?
Answer:
The aim of rural development and poverty alleviation programmes is to remove rural poverty, promote structural development for the social and economic development of the villages, to generate maximum of employment, eliminate rural disparities and better the social and economic life of the poor.

Question 6.
Name the main rail route of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Rail Routes of Rajasthan Jaipur-Mumbai rail route, Jodhpur-Hawara rail routes, Delhi-Ahmedabad rail route, Udaipur-Delhi rail route, Bikaner-Delhi rail route, Jaipur-Delhi rail route, Jaipur-Ganganagar rail route, Phulera-Delhi rail route, Jaipur-Sawai Madhopur rail route, Jaipur-Agra rail route, Jaipur-Jammutawi rail route, Jodhpur-Guwahati rail route, Jaipur-Luharu rail route, Jaipur-Chennai rail route, Jodhpur-Hardwar rail route.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on the centrally sponsored schemes for the rural development and eradication of poverty in Rajasthan.
Answer:
Centrally Sponsored scheme in Rajasthan:

1. Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana:
It was introduced by the govt, of India on 1st April, 1999 with an aim to make available to the poor the adequate means of livelihood. Under this programme the rural B.P.L. families have been included.

2. Indira Avas Yojana:
It was launched on 1st Jan., 1996 with an aim to provide housing facility to the rural B.P.L. families. This scheme is being implemented by the District Rural Development Authority or the Zila Parishads.

3. Jawahar Gram Samiridhi Yojana:
It is the enlarged form of the existing Jawahar Rojgar Yojana. The financial sharing by the central and the state government is in 75:25 proportion. Its main aim is to help the gramins to acquire properties and to give employment to the unemployed.

4. Maru Vikas Yojana:
The Maru Development programme is in operation in Rajasthan since 1.4.1995 under the water shed programme. In the beginning the financial aid from the central government was 100%, but from 1st April, 1999 it has been cut short to 75%.

5. Drought Prone Area Programme:
It is in operation since 1.4.95 on the water shed basis.

6. Integrated Desert (Barren) Land Development Programme:
It came into force in 1992-1993.

7. Border Area Development Programme:
This programme is being implemented in the four bordering districts i.e. Barmer, Jaisalmer, Bikaner and Ganganagar keeping in view the security reasons. Besides the basic development other programmes are related to construction of roads, electrification, drinking water, health, education facilities etc.

8. M.P. Area Develoment Programme:
It is fully centrally sponsored scheme started in 1992-93. Its main aim is to provide basic facilities for the development of the local area.

9. Bio-gas Programme:
This is being implemented since 1981 by the Rural Development Department in the rural areas which are not equipped with the Conventional sources of energy and if available, they are not financially affordable.

10. Bonded Labour:
It is a main constituent of the 20 point programme. Its main purpose is to conduct search for the bonded labourers to free and rehabilitate them. Besides the bonded labourers are given agricultural land and they are given priority under the Swaran Jayanti Gram Swarojgar Yojana and Indira Avas Yojana.

11. Jeevan Dhara:
Till 1995-96 Jeevan Dhara Yojana formed a part of the Jawahar Rojgar Yojana. Presently it is being run independently. Under this scheme the small farmers are given cent percent grant for the construction of wells and other small irrigation works.

12. Twenty Point Programme:
It was introduced in Rajasthan in 1975. This programme is directly related with the removal of poverty. It has been amended in 1982 and 1986 by the Central government.
Twenty items of this Programme are:

1. Fully Rural Employment Yojana.
2. Distribution of Surplus Land.
3. Drinking water facility.
4. Community Health Centre.
5. Primary Health Centre.
6. Vaccination.
7. ICDS
8. Aanganwadis.
9. Help to the scheduled caste families.
10. Help to the scheduled tribes families.
11. Indira Aawas Yojana.
12. Avas for the economically weaker sections.
13. Improvement of slums.
14. Tree-plantation on private land.
15. Area acquired under public and forest land.
16. Rural electrification
17. Energised pumpsets.
18. Improvised Ovens.
19. Avas for the low income groups.
20. Bio-gas plant.

13. District Poverty eradication Project:
This project was launched in Rajasthan in July 2000 with the collaboration of The World Bank. It is in operation in seven districts, namely Baran, Churu, Dausa, Dhaulpur. Jhalawar, Rajsamand and Tonk.

Question 2.
Give a brief description of the Rajasthan State Schemes for the rural development and poverty eradication.
Answer:
State Plans for Development and Poverty Eradication

1. Aapana Gaon Aapana Kaam Yojana:
This plan was introduced in Jan. 1991 with an aim to encourage and promote participation of the people in the local programmes and process of development. Under this plan minimum of 30% amount in the form of public cooperation is to be contributed for the community development by the rurals, donors, NGOs etc. and 50% amount is given out of the plan allocation. If the proposed activities are given approval, the remaining amount is also given from the Yojana fund.

2. Battis Districts — Battis Kaam Yojana:
In 1991-92 this scheme was introduced in all the 33 districts of the state to assure maximum of public participation in the local development activities and to make maximum use of the local resources.

3. MLA Local Area Development Programme:
It was introduced in 1999-2000. Under this programme each MLA gives suggestions to the district collector every year, for the development works in his area.

4. Dang Region Development Yojana:
Dang region is the region of long deep valley of Chambal and its auxiliary valleys. For the development of this Dang region the Rajasthan government introduced in 1995-1996 the Dang Region Development Programme.

5. Mewat Region Development Programme:
It was introduced in 1987-1988 for the development of Mewat area in Alwar and Bharatpur. Mewar area is inhabited by the Mew population.

6. Vanprasth Yojana:
In order to utilize the services of the retired persons, voluntarily, this plan has been introduced. Under this scheme the retired person can voluntarily, offer his services.

7. Magara Region Development Programme:
It has been started for the integrated development of the backward and the hilly areas of Rajasthan, Bhilwara, Ajmer and Pali districts of the state. Its main aim is to develop basic facilities and to generate employment.

8. Rajiv Gandhi Conventional Water Resources Conservation Programme:
This innovative Yojana was introduced to increase the underground water and to conserve the rain water. Under this plan the conventional water storage resources as wells, Bawadis, Tankas, Ponds, Joharas, Nadis etc. are repaired for the water conservation. The state govt, and the public share expenses in the ratio of 70:30.

We hope the given RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 4 Economic System of Rajasthan will help you. If you have any query regarding Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 4 Economic System of Rajasthan, drop a comment below and we will get back to you at the earliest.

RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 3 Art and Culture of Rajasthan are part of RBSE Solutions for Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan. Here we have given Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 3 Art and Culture of Rajasthan.

Board	RBSE
Textbook	SIERT, Rajasthan
Class	Class 9
Subject	Rajasthan Adhyayan
Chapter	Chapter 3
Chapter Name	Art and Culture of Rajasthan
Number of Questions Solved	52
Category	RBSE Solutions

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Rajasthan Adhyayan Chapter 3 Art and Culture of Rajasthan

TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The creator of‘Harikeli’drama was
(a) Prithviraj III
(b) Vigrahraj IV
(c) Chand Bardai
(d) Maharana Kumbha
Answer:
(b).

Question 2.
Gagron Durg is the type of
(a) Giri Durg
(b) Marusthal Durg
(c) Jal Durg
(d) Van Durg
Answer:
(c).

Question 3.
The Patawon-Ki-Havelis are in
(a) Jaisalmer
(b) Barmer
(c) Amber
(d) Bikaner
Answer:
(a).

Question 4.
Bani-Thani painting is painted in the
(a) Kishangarh style
(b) Marwar style
(c) Mewar style
(d) Kotah sytle
Answer:
(a).

Question 5.
Aadinath Dilwara temple was built by
(a) Vimalshah
(b) Tejpal
(c) Vastupal
(d) Kamalshah
Answer:
(a).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name Chand Bardai’s Kavy creation.
Answer:
Chand Bardai’s Kavy creation is Prithviraj Raso.

Question 2.
Where is the Marusthali Durg located in Rajasthan?
Answer:
The Marusthali Durg is at Jaisalmer in Rajasthan.

Question 3.
Name any two styles of the Rajasthan paintings.
Answer:
Two styles of the Rajasthani paintings are:

1. Mewar style
2. Kishangarh style

Question 4.
Who got built Vijay Stambh?
Answer:
Vijay Stambh was built by Maharana Kumbha.

Question 5.
Who performs the Angara dance?
Answer:
The Angara dance is performed by the Jasnaathi ‘Siddhs’.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the characteristics of the Dilwara temples architecture.
Answer:
Dilwara temples architecture:

1. Delwara temples in Mt. Abu are associated with the Jain community.
2. The first temple here was built by Vimal Shah. It houses the idol of Aadinath, with jewels studded eyes.
3. The second temple was got built by Vastupal and Tejpal. It has the idol of Neminath. It is unparallel in the art of stone patterns/modelling.

Question 2.
Enumerate the characteristics of the Mewar style of paintings.
Answer:
Mewar style of Paintings:

1. Mewar may be considered to be the oldest centre of the Rajasthani painting art.
2. It progressed fast during the period of Maharana Amarsingh.
3. There is a maximum application of yellow and red colours.
4. Main features of the paintings are eagle-Nasika (Nose), eyes like straight slice of Parval, spiral long fingers, richly ornamented, tight faces etc.
5. The subjects of the paintings were Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta, Sur Sagar, Geet Govind, Krishanlila, court scenes, hunting scenes etc.
6. Manohar, Gangaram, Kriparam, Sahebdin and Jagannath are the prominent painters of the Mewar style.
7. The Mughal impact on the Mewar style paintings started during the period of Raja Amarsingh.

Question 3.
‘Saint literature is an invaluable asset of Rajasthan’. Clarify it.
Answer:
The Saint literature has played a vital role in influencing the masses of Rajasthan. Sants have touched the public minds by singing Bhajans with the message of ethics and practical life in simple terms. Most prominent of such saints are Mallinathji, Jambhoji and Jasnathji and other valuable assets of Sant literature are Dadu Vani, Meera Padavali, Narsiji_Ro-Maharo, Ram Charanji-Vani etc.

Question 4.
Write about the main religious fairs of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Main religious fairs of Rajasthan are:
Fairs of Balaji in Jaipur, Mahaviiji near Hindon, Nathdwara, Annkoot, Datimati Mata in Gothmanglod, Dhulev in Kesariya, Bharthari near Alwar, and Galata- Pushkar near Ajmer. The people celebrate these fairs with deep faith, devotion and fervour.

Question 5.
Write about the main folk dramas of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Ramlila and Raslila in the folk language by the folk artists of Mewar, Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli and Jaipur are very popular. Rammat is the famous folk drama of Bikaner and Jaisalmer. The folk artists stage the historical and religious Kavy creations of reputed loknayaks and great men. The celebrated creators of these Mannats are Maniram Vyas, Fagu Maharaj, Suaa Maharaj and Tejpoet.

Question 6.
‘Gangaur and Teej are the unique folk festivals of Rajasthan.’ Clarify it.
Answer:
Among the main folk festivals of Rajasthan, the Gangaur and the Teej hold special place. The married females whose husbands are alive and the unmarried girls worship Ishar-Ishari for the immortality of their husbands and for the suitable bridegroom respectively. This festival is celebrated in Jaipur, Jodhpur, Udaipur and Kota with a great pomp and show by taking out Gangaur Chariot procession. Teej festival is celebrated mainly by the newly wed girls. They wear new costumes, apply Mehandi paste on their hands, feet and arms and enjoy swings and sing songs. The Teej Chariot procession of Jaipur is very famous.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
‘Rajasthan has the glimpses of coordinated culture’. Analyse the statement.
Answer:
Rajasthan has been the land of invasions and wars from time to time. By virtue of the cordial, harmonious and assimilating nature of the general public, there have been growth and evolution of the coordinated/co-mingled culture in Rajasthan. One can find this assimilation and coordination in the religious and social life of the people.

1. It is due to the inherent spirit of religious tolerance that the both the Hindus and the Muslims can be seen in the Khwaja Moinuddin Chisti Dargah at Ajmer to pray and to seek blessings for the fulfillment of their long cherished desires. Similarly, at the tombs of folk deities as Gogaji and Ramdeoji, the people of all communities gather irrespective of their communal differences. This is an example of the spirit of communal harmony.

2. One can see the spirit of coordination and unisom between the Hindu and the Muslim cultures in respect of their social life, their ways of dining, living, dressing up, entertainments, customs and rites. Akbar Jalebi, Khurasani Khichari, Babar Badi, Pakauri and Moongori in our foods have been included because of the Mughal impact. Muslim, velvet, Norangshahi, Bahadurshahi textiles in our costumes show the Mughal impact. Similar impact they have left on our entertainments as kite-flying, pigeon game, etc.

3. The Hindu-Muslim architectural styles are the great indicators of the coordinated culture. Our Rajas and Maharajas used marble in the buildings under the Mughal impact. Architects made gardens, galleries and fountains as well as furnished the walls with the creeping plants. In fact the Rajasthani art and culture have all the inherent traits of the coordinated culture which remains always open to modernity, adaptability, acceptance, tolerance and assimilation, at the same time retaining and preserving its originality.

Question 2.
Write an essay on the evolution of literature in Rajasthan.
Answer:
In the early times the Rajasthan literature was written in Sanskrit and Prakrit languages. In the beginning of the medieval period literature began to be written in Apabhransa and Marubhasha and the local dialects as Mewari Marwari Mewati, Dundari and Bagari, but the Sanskrit continued to evolve.

I. Sanskrit Literature:
In Rajputana the learned rulers and state patrons (scholars) played a great role in evolving Sanskrit. This language was the medium of rock engravings, eulogies and dynastic citations. Maharana Kumbha himself was a great scholar, lover of music and a refuge giver ruler. He created Sangeetraj, Sud Prabandh, Sangeet Mimansa, Rasikpriya, Sangeet Ratnakar, etc. Mandan who was given refuge by Maharana Kumbha created many works related to architecture such as Devmurti prakaran, Rajvallabh Roopmandan, Prasad Mandan etc.

Babu Bhatt and Ranchod were the great scholars in the court of Rana Jagat Singh and Raj Singh, who wrote Jagannath Prashanti and Raj Singh Prashanti respectively. Amer-Jaipur Maharaja Man Singh and Sawai
Jai Singh, Maharaja Jaswant Singh of Marwar, the Chauhan ruler of Ajmer, Vigarhraj IV and Prithviraj III and Rai Singh and Anup Singh of Bikaner were the Sanskrit scholars and they gave shelter to many Sanskrit scholars. Anup Singh got constructed Anup Sanskrit library in Bikaner.

Vigarhraj IV wrote Harikeli play. Jainayak, Prithviraj’s poet wrote Prithviraj Vijay. Other prominent Sanskrit creations are ‘Harivijay’ drama by Pandit Jaidev and Haribhushan by Gangaram Bhatt. Both were the Pratapgarh courtiers. Jaswant Singh of Marwar wrote Anand Vilash and Bhasha-Bhushan in Sanskrit. Man Singh of Jodhpur wrote Naath Charitar. Man Singh was a great lover of books. He got many Sanskrit scriptures from Kashi and Nepal and store them safely in library. Today this library is famous as the Man Singh Pustak Prakash Shodh Kendra.

II. Rajasthani Literature:
Rajasthani language in the form of many dialects as Mewari, Marwari, Dundari, Hadoti, Bagari, Malavi, Mewati have been used to create literature in various styles as Jain, Charan, saint, folk etc.

(i) Jain Style Literature:
It is related with the Jain religion. It predominates in Shant Ras. Its prominent literary writings are Hemchand Suri’s Deshi Nam- mala, Shabdanushasan, Rishivardhan Suri’s Nal Damayanti Ras, Dharm Samudragani’s Ratri Bhojanras, Hemratn Suri’s Gaura Badal Ri-Chaupai.

(ii) Charan Style Literature:
It dominates in the Veer Ras and the Shringar Ras. Khyat, Duha etc. have been written in the verses as well as prose forms. Veer Bhajan by Badar Dadi is the early creation of the Charan style. Chand Bardai’s Prithviraj Raso, Nainsi’s Nainsi Ri Khyat, Bankidas’ Bankidas-Ri- Khyat, Dayaldas; Dayaldas-Ri-Khyat, Gadan Shivdas Achaladas Khinchi- Ri-Vachnika are the main scriptures of the Charan style which give the glimpses of history of Rajasthan. Dolamaru Ra-Duha, Sajjan-Ra-Duha are the important creations in Doha Chhand.

Besides Dursa Aara is also among the celebrated Charan style writers. He was a national patriot, stood for the unity of India and was all praise for Hindu culture and valour. Prithviraj Rathore, Bikaner ruler Kalyanal’s son’s Velikrisan Rukmani-Ri is considered to be the literary composition of the Rajasthani literature. Suryamall Meesan was the great poet of the modern-age and was a poet in the Bundi state. His well known works are Vansh Bhaskar and Veer Satsai.

(iii) Sant Literature:
It has created a deep influence on the general masses in Rajasthan. The saints have reached the public by singing Bhajans and taking their experiences to the people in the ethical, simple and practical ways. Among the invaluable assets of the sant style are Mallinathji, Jambhoji, Jasnathji, Dadu Vani, Meera Padavati, Narasiji-Ro- Maharo, Ramcharanji Vani etc.

(iv) Folk Literature:
It combines folk songs, folk tales, love stories, folk dramas, riddles, Phads and tit-bits. Phad is a special feature of the Rajasthan art. Phad is painted on the cloth giving presentation of some historical event or Pauronic event. Most of the Phad portray the life and magical events of folk deities, as Ramdeoji, Pabuji etc. Shahpura Phad of Shahpura (Bhilwara) in Rajasthan has become of national repute. Shrilal Joshi of Bhilwara has made a great contribution to give international fame to the Phad paintings and he has been awarded with ‘Padamshri’ for his efforts by the government of India. To name a few among them are Pabu-Ri-Phad, Devji-Ri-Phad, Teej, Gangaur, marriage, rites, festivals, etc.

Question 3.
Architectural art is the asset of the history of Èajasthan? Explain it.
Answer:
In the medieval period Rajasthan, the architecture of royal palaces, temples and forts held a great significance. A unique architecture style known as the Hindu architecture style was evolved during this period. Its specific features were architectural elegance, solidity, ornamentation, defence and security, utility, magnificence and diversity of subjects. After amalgamation with the Mughals, new style of architecture, known as the Hindu-Muslim architecture style, was evolved, under Turkey and the Mughal impact. We shall discuss below the Rajasthani architecture in different spheres.

1. Fort Architecture:
Forts have remained an essential requirement for the rajas and the feudals of Rajasthan. Forts were constructed for various purposes as residence, safety, storage of supply and protection and defence of the people, animals and property at the time of external invasion. The forts were built on the high and broad hills where the means of agriculture and irrigation were available.
Main features of the forts were

1. Strong wall
2. Huge rampart
3. Impenetrable towers
4. Deep canal or cleft around the fort
5. Arsenal in the fort
6. Water pond
7. Temples inside the fort
8. Provision of water tank
9. Granary
10. Secret entry gate
11. Tunnel
12. Royal palace and military rest house.

Chittor Durg is the oldest Giri durg which was got constructed by Maharana Kumbha. It is a famous saying about it — ‘Fort or garh is Chittorgarh, the remaining are Garauya i.e. small forts’. It is protected by high raised parapet and stands on huge and high hill. Other well known durgs/forts are Jalore durg of Parmars, Taragarh durg of Chauhans in Ajmer and Ranthambore durg, Taragarh durg of Bundi by Hadas, Rao Jodha’s Mehrangarh durg at Jodhpur, Ajmer durg of Kachhawaha near Jaipur, Nahargarh durg and Jaigarh durg.

Gagron durg of Parmars near Jhalawar fall in the category of Jal Durg. Maharawal Jaisalmer durg built of yellow stones is the Marusthali durg. Junagarh durg of Bikaner is built on the flat plain and is surrounded by a deep ditch. Other famous durgs of Rajasthan are Mandalgarh (Bhilwara) Achalgarh (Abu), Ranthambore (Sawai Madhopur), Bayana (Bharatpur), Siwana (Barmer), Bhatner (Hanumangarh) v etc.

2. Royal Palaces (Mahals):
Practice of raising Royal palaces started with the formation of the Rajput states in Rajasthan. The palaces had the separate male and the female apartments. The palaces were provided residential apartments, arsenal, granary, kitchen and temple. The special features of the palaces were simplicity, low ceilings, narrow gallaries, small rooms and slopes.
New additions of fountains, small gardens, domes, slender pillars, archs etc were made in the palaces as a result of coordination between the Mughals and the Rajputs.

The Kumbhalgarh and the Chittor palace are the specimen of simplicity Jagmandir, Jagniwas and Amarsingh palaces of Udaipur, Phool palace of Jodhpur, Diwan-e-aam, and Diwan-e-khas of Amer, Rangmahal, Kammahal, Sheeshmahal and Anupmahal of Bikaner and palaces of Kota and Jaisalmer bear an impact of the Mughal architecture.

3. Temple Architecture:
It owes its origin to the ancient period of Rajasthan. The impact of Durg architecture is clearly visible on the Ranakpur Jain temple and Shakti and Shaurya temple built till the 13th century.
The Dilwara Jain temples of Mt. Abu are of the same period. Here the first temple was got built by Vimalshah. This temple houses the idol of Aadinath, with its jewels studded eyes. Another temple was built by Vastupal and Tejpal. It has the idol of Neminath.

It is unique in its stone pattern. Surya temple of Chittor and Shiva temple of Badauli (Chittorgarh) are also very famous. Shrinathji temple of Dungarpur and Jagdish temple of Udaipur excel in the Hindu architecture whereas the Ghanshyam temple of Jodhpur and Jagatshiromani temple of Amer give the impact of the Mughal style. In the 17th and the 18th centuries, the Rajput rulers got built Shri Nathji (Nathdwara), Dwarkadheesh (Kankroli), Mathureshji (Kotah) and Govind Devji (Jaipur) temples.

4. Buildings Architecture:
(a) Havelis:
The buildings architecture in Rajasthan is associated with the construction of havelis. Many seths and samants had constructed grand havelis in many cities of Rajasthan. Around the main gate there were artistic small windows or air holes, long poles, spacious broad court yard with rooms around it.

The havelis of Sujangarh, Ratangarh Sardarsahyar, Pilani, Mandawa, Mukundgarh, Fatehpur, Nawalgarh and Ramgarh in the Jaipur and Shekhawati region are the super example of the building architecture in Rajasthan. Salimsingh and Patawons Havelies in Jaisalmer have become the centre of attraction for their stone perforated work and engravings. Similarly the havelis of Kota, Bharatpur, Karauli made of Vanshi stone are known for their artistic sangatrashei.

(b) Vijay Stambh (Chittorgarh):
It was constructed by Maharana Kumbha in the memory of victory over the sultan of Malwa. It is also known as Kirti Stambh and is the unique specimen of building architecture. There are nine storeys in 122 ft high stambh and there are stairs inside it to go up. Each storey is surrounded by peep holes and there have been established the Hindu gods.

(c) Tombs (Chhatris):
The Chhatris have been built on the tombs of the rulers, feudals and army personnel to commemorate their sacrifices for the defence of the nation.

Question 4.
Explain various styles of the art of paintings in Rajasthan.
Answer:
15th century is considered to be the period of origin of the Rajasthan painting art. There has been a tradition of wall paintings, pothi (Book) paintings, board painting and miniature paintings in the Rajput period. Different styles of
paintings emerged in accordance with socio-political and basic environment of different states.
A few important paintings styles are:

1. Me war Style:
In fact the early and original style of the Rajasthani art of painting can be seen in the Mewar style. It had its maximum evolution during the period of Maharana Amar Singh. Main features of this style are liberal use of yellow- red colour, eagle like nose, eyes like straight slice of Parval, long spiral fingers, excessive embellishments and tight faces. Main subjects of the Mewar style were Shrimad Bhagwat Geeta, Sursagar, Geetgovind, Krishanlila, Court scenes, hunting scenes etc. The main artists of paintings were Manohar Gangaram, Kriparam, Sahibain and Jagannath. The paintings of Raja Amar Singh period show the Mughal impact on the Mewar style.

2. Marwar Style:
This style of paintings developed during the period Roomaldev in Marwar. This style was prominent in robust males, stout females, almond like eyes, type Rajasthani costumes and use of yellow colour. The subjects of the paintings were Natheharitar, Bhagwad, Panchtantra Dola-Maru, Mumalde, Nihalde, folk tales etc. The prominent painters were Veerji, Naraiandas, Bhaari Amardas, Chhajju-Bhati Kishandas and Kaluram.

3. Bikaner Style:
Its real development period was Maharaja Anup Singhs’s rule. Its characteristics are application of red, violet, grey and almond colours, scenes of sand dunes, slim and attractive females, landscape, hills, floral leaves etc. Main subjects comprised hunting, Rasikpriya, Rangmala, embellishments etc. It bears the impact of Punjab Kalam, Mughal style and Marwar style.

4. Kishangarh Style:
It is the most attractive style of the Rajput period paintings. Its maximum development took place during the Rajnagaridas period. Main features of the Kishangarh style paintings are protruding chin, wagtail, structural eyes, arrow shaped eye brows, elegant sarovars etc. Bani-Thani is the superb piece of this painting style, which is also known as the Monalisa of the Indian art of paintings. It was painted by Nihalchand. This style of painting has a fine blend of art, love and devotion.

5. Jaipur Style:
This paintings style developed between 1600 to 1700 BC. It had the maximum influence of the Mughal paintings. Its main characteristics are application of white, red, yellow, blue and green colour, use of gold and silver, robust males and delicacy of females etc. Main subjects of paintings are royal Chariot, Mehfils, Raag-Rang, hunting, Barahmasa, Geet-Govind, Ramayana etc.

6. Bundi Style:
It began with Rao Surjan, was influenced by Mewar and had * achieved all heights of development by the times of Umed Singh. Its main features are richness in red and yellow colours, short height, seven colour portray of Nature etc. Its main subjects were Rasikpriya, Kavipriya, Bihari, Satsai, Nayak-Nayika discrimination and description of seasons. It is also known as the animals-birds painting style. Its prominent painters were Surjan, Ahmad Ali, Ramlal Shri Kisan and Sadhuram.

7. Kota Style:
It is a fine blend of the Bundi and the Mughal styles. Main characteristics are females as puppets, broad eyes, short nose, broad forehead, high lehangas, straightened Veni etc. subjects of paintings are hunting, festivals, Shri Nath Katha, portray of birds, animals etc.

8. Nathdwara Style:
It is known for its own unique style of paintings. Pichhwai paintings portray Shrinath in different forms.

Question 5.
Give the analysis of the fairs and festival of Rajasthan.
Answer:
I. Fairs of Rajasthan:
Fairs of Rajasthan reflect its culture. The fairs held here are related with religion, folk deities, folk saints and folk culture. The activities of dance, singing, fetes etc. add to our mutual relation. Fairs are held in each and every part of Rajasthan. The fairs tradition started here in the medieval period when the rulers themselves took keen interest in organizing fairs. Fairs are organized at the religious places or on the occasion of festivals.

In Rajasthan the fairs are held on various festivals as Ganesh Chaturthi, Navaratri, Ashtami, Teej, Gangaur, Shivratri, Janamashtami, Dussehra, Kartik Purnima etc. Similarly the fairs held in the religious places are Tejaji, Shitalamata, Ramdevji, Gogaji, Jambeshwaiji, Hanumanji, Mahadev, Aavarimata, Keladevi, Karanimata, Ambamata, Jagdishji, Mahaviiji etc. Most famous religion related fairs of Rajasthan are Balaji in Jaipur, Mahaviiji near Hindon, Nathdwara on Annkut, Dadhimati in Gothmanglod, Shivaratri in Eklingji, Dhulev in Kesaria, Bharthari near Alwar and Pushkar and Galta fairs near Ajmer.

Many fairs are held in Rajasthan to commemorate many folk saints and folk deities and to pay them homage. Some of these faris are Ramdeo in Runeeha, Tejaji in Parbatsar, Pabuji in Kolgarh, Gogaji in Daderwa, Karanimata in Deshnok, Fooldol in Narena (Jaipur) and Shahpura (Bhilwara), Jambheswari in Mukam, Gulab Baba in Gulabpura and Khwaja Saheb in Ajmer etc. There fairs are source of life and inspiration and promote peace cordiality and communal integrity and harmony. The fairs manifest the nature of culture and add to our feelings of goodwill for humanity. Fairs pass on from one generation to another and they continue to retain the cultural tradition. Fairs are commercially, too very advantageous and they are source of entertainment too.

II. Festivals of Rajasthan:
All the communities as Hindus-Muslim and the Christians celebrate each others’ festival with a great enthusiasm and zeal and set an example of communal harmony, human unism, tolerance and acceptance for each other.
Gangaur and Teej are among the main folk festivals from the Holika festival v and continues till Chaitra Shukla tritya. The married women whose husbands are alive and the unmarried women worship Ishar and Ishari for the long life of their husbands, and for being blessed with good husbands respectively. This festival is celebrated with great fervour and devotion in Jodhpur, Jaipur, Udaipur and Kota.

Gangaur chariot procession is taken out through the main places of these cities. Teej festival takes place on the third day of Shukla Paksha of Bhadrapada or Bhado. Swings, traditional songs and dancing are the unique features of Teej celebrations in Rajasthan. The women and the young girls dressed in new costumes, with mehandi paste decorating their hands enjoy swing and sing songs. The Teej Chariot procession of Jaipur is very famous. The festivals of Mahavir Jayanti and Paryurshan festival in the Bhadrapada month are celebrated by the Jain community with devotion and penances. The main festivals of the Muslim community are Eid-ul-Zuha, Eid-ul-Fitr, Shaberat, Muharram and Baràwafat. They are celebrated with full zeal and enthusiasm.
Main festivals of Rajasthan with the dates of their celebrations are listed below:

S.No.	Festivals	Date
1.	Gangaur	Falgun Shukla 15 to Chetra Shukla 3
2.	Mahashivaratri	Falgun Krishna Paksha 13
3.	Deepawali	Kartik Krishna Paksha Amavasya
4.	Raksha Bandhan	Shravan month purnima
5.	Holi	Falgun month purnima
6.	Janmashtami	Bhadarpada Krishna Paksha Ashtami
7.	Ganesh Chaturthi	Bhadrapada Shukla Paksha Chauth
8.	Ramnavami	Chaitra Shukla Pakasha Navami
9.	Christmas Day	25th December
10.	Muharram	10th of the Muharram month
11.	Eid-ul-Fitr	1st of Shawal
12.	Teej	Bhadrapada Krishna Paksha Tritya
13.	Payurshan	Bhadrapad month
14.	Dussehra	Ashwin Shukla Paksha Dashami
15.	Eid-ul-zuha	10th of zitkar

Question 6.
Describe the folk arts of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Folk arts include folk songs, folk plays, folk dances, folk instruments and folk paintings. These folk arts are the life and soul of our culture. They are the source of our entertainment.
Folk Plays (Natyas):
Ramlila and Raslila in the folk language by the folk artists are very popular in Mewar, Alwar, Bharatpur, Karauli and Jaipur. In Bikaner and Jaisalmer, Rammat is famous as a folk play. Rammat means to stage the historical and religious Kavya creations of celebrated folk Nayak and great men. The known creators of these Rammatas are Maniram Vyas, Fagu Maharaj, the Sua Maharaj, Tej Kavi etc.

In Marwar the religion and Veer Ras v dominated narration Khyals are being traditionally staged and the important of them are Amar Singh’s Khyat, Ruthi-rani-Ro-Khyal, Raja Harish Chandra Khyal etc. Bhawai plays have their own uniqueness. The characters here are satirical spokesmen. Its main characteristics are dialogue, singing, humour and dance. Gavari of Mewar is a dance drama which is staged for one month 8 days from Raksha Bandhan.

Gavari:
As regards instrumental discourses, presentation and lok cultural symbols, the Gavari of Mewar is extraordinary. Its origin is believed to be associated with the Shiva – Bhasmasur Katha/ Its performances begin from the day next to Raksha Bandhan. It is played or staged for VA months. It dominates in the Bhil culture. This festival reflects the Pauranic and social influence on the
tribal caste.
In Gavari there are male characters. Most known Gavari plays are Ganpati Kaan- Gujari, Jogi, Lakha, Banjara etc.

I. Folk Dances:
(а) Gair Dance:
This is the Holi festival dance of the tribal areas. The Bhil males dressed in Angrakha, dhoti and turban holding sticks in their hands dance in the circular movements. They are accompanied by the musical instruments as Thali, Dol and Bankiya.

(b) Geedar Dance:
The people of the Shekhawati region celebrate holi for a week from the day of transplanting the holi stick. The mates are dressed in the vibrant dresses sing with the beat of Nangara, with two small sticks in their hands. This is called the Geedar dance.

(c) Dol Dance:
It is the popular dance of the Marusthali region, Jalore. The Mali, Doli, the Sargara and the Bhils perform the Dol dance in the Thakana style on the marriage occasion.

(d) Baman Dance:
The people of Alwar and Bharatpur perform Baman dance to enjoy the Falgun celebrations. They beat Tomtom (Tymbol) with two big sticks.

(e) Ghoomar Dance:
It is the most popular dance of Rajasthan, performed by the females on the auspicious occasions. They perform this dance in the circular movement and are accompanied by trumpet, clarionet, accordion etc.

(f) Garba Dance:
It is the devotional dance performed by women. It is very popular in Gujarat. In Rajasthan it is very popular in Dungarpur and Banswara.

(g) Other Folk Dances:
They are Angara dance of Jasnaathi Siddhs, Bhils, Rye dance, Grasias valar dance, Kalbelia dance of Kalbelia tribe. The famous professional dances are Bhawai and Terah Taali dances.

II. Folk Songs:
They are mainly Khelan-Do-Gangaur, Mhari Ghoomar Che Nakhrali a-Mai, Chirmi etc.

III. Folk Instruments:
They have their own significance and a dance without being accompanied by the musical instruments is incomplete. A few among the popular instruments of Rajasthan are Ravana Hattha, Tandoora, Nagara, Teen-Tara, Yogia Sarangi, Pungi and Bhapang.

IV. Folk Paintings:

1. Pathvari: These are the paintings portrayed on the place in the village, adored as ‘Path Rakshak’.
2. Paana: They are the paintings which are engraved on the paper in Rajasthan.
3. Mandana: It is a tradition of drawing Mandanas in the form of geometrical circles, squares or irregular oblique lines on the place of worship on the occasion of festivals and auspicious ceremonies.
4. Phad: It is the art of making paintings on clothes.
5. Sanji: It is made with cowdung in the courtyard pavilion or place of worship of the house.

ADDITIONAL QUESTIONS SOLVED

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
‘Pyurashan’ is the festival of the
(a) Vaishnav Hindus
(b) Christians
(c) Jains
(d) Muslims
Answer:
(c).

Question 2.
Who wrote Prithviraj Vijay?
(a) Jainayak
(b) Pt. Jaidev
(c) Vigrahraj IV
(d) Gangaram Bhatt
Answer:
(a).

Question 3.
It is the oldest Giri Durg.
(a) Amber
(b) Mehrangarh
(c) Nahargarh
(d) Chittorgarh
Answer:
(d).

Question 4.
The most prominent folk dance of Rajasthan is
(a) Dhol
(b) Garba
(c) Ghoomar
(d) Teentali
Answer:
(c).

Question 5.
The Jain style literature was predominant in
(a) Shant Ras
(b) Shringar Ras
(c) Veer Ras
(d) Bhakti Ras
Answer:
(a).

Question 6.
Gawari dance drama is most popular in
(a) Mewar
(b) Marwar
(c) Shekhawati
(d) Dundar
Answer:
(a).

Question 7.
Who wrote Sangeet Mimansa?
(a) Rana Sanga
(b) Rana Kumbha
(c) Prithviraj
(d) Vigrahraj IV
Answer:
(b).

Question 8.
Bani-Thani painting is the artistic creation of
(a) Ramlal
(b) Bihari
(c) Manohar Lai
(d) Nihal Chand
Answer:
(d).

Question 9.
Khwaja Saheb fair is held in
(a) Ajmer
(b) Jaipur
(c) Nagaur
(d) Kota
Answer:
(a).

Question 10.
The Phad painting style of Rajasthan is associated with which of the following cities?
(a) Shahpura
(b) Alwar
(c) Ganganagar
(d) Nathdwara
Answer:
(a).

Question 11.
The festival of Holi is celebrated on
(a) 25th December
(b) Falgun month Purnima
(c) Shravan month Purnima
(d) Kartik Krishan paksha
Answer:
(b).

Question 12.
Baadar Dadi by Veer Bhayan is the early creation of the
(a) Jain style literature
(b) Charan style literature
(c) Sant style literature
(d) Folk literature
Answer:
(b).

Question 13.
Which style of Rajasthan paintings is known for its Pichhwai paintings?
(a) Jaipur style
(b) Bikaner style
(c) Kishangarh style
(d) Nathdwara style
Answer:
(d).

Question 14.
Shabdanushasan was written by
(a) Hemchand Suri
(b) Rishivardhan Suri
(c) Hemratn Suri
(d) Suryamall Meesan
Answer:
(a).

Question 15.
The Vela Krishna Rukmani scripture was created by
(а) Ruler Kalyanmall
(b) Prithviraj Rathore
(c) Prithviraj IV
(d) Nainsi
Answer:
(b).

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name Suryamall Meesan’s two creations.
Answer:
Names of Suryamall Meesan’s two creations are:

1. Vansh Bhaskar
2. Veer Satsai

Question 2.
What does culture mean?
Answer:
Culture is what makes man a man in a true sense. It encompasses art, literature, costumes, music, paintings, festivals, ways of living, dining, etc.

Question 3.
What do you know about the origin of Gavari of Rajasthan?
Answer:
Origin of Gavari in Rajasthan is associated with ‘Shiva-Bhasmasur’ episode.

Question 4.
Name any two religious fairs of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Two religious fairs of Rajasthan:

1. Balaji fair of Jaipur
2. Mahavirji fair near Hindon

Question 5.
Write the names of any two Giri forts (Durgs).
Answer:
Names of two Giri Durgs:

1. Chittorgarh
2. Kumbhalgarh

Question 6.
Who was Mandan? Name his two writings.
Answer:

1. Mandan was a celebrated scholar in Kumbha’s court.
2. His two writings-
   1. Rajvallabh
   2. Roopmandan

Question 7.
When is Muharram celebrated?
Answer:
Muharram is celebrated on 10th of the Muharram month.

Question 8.
Name the two most popular folk festivals of Rajasthan.
Answer:
Two most popular folk festivals of Rajasthan are:

1. Gangaur and
2. Teej

Question 9.
Name any four scriptures written by Maharana Kumbha.
Answer:
Maharana Kumbha’s four creations:

1. Sangeetraj
2. Sur Prabandhak
3. Sangeet Mimansa
4. Rasikpriya

Question 10.
Name any two creations of the Charan style literature.
Answer:
Two creations of the Charan style literature are-

1. Bankidas’ Bankidas-Ri-Khyat
2. Nainsi’s Nainsi-Ri-Khyat

Question 11.
Why are the Jaisalmer Havelis famous?
Answer:
The Jaisalmer Havelis are known for their air holes and engravings.

Question 12.
Write any four features of the Kishangarh style paintings.
Answer:
Four features of Kishangarh style paintings are:

1. Protruding Chin
2. Arrow (Arch) shaped eyebrows
3. Wagtail shaped eyes
4. Beautiful ponds

Question 13.
Why were Durgs (forts) constructed in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Forts were constructed in Rajasthan for residence, defence, storage of supply and for the security of people, property, animals and birds at the time of invasion.

Question 14.
What are the storage sources of paintings in Rajasthan?
Answer:
Sources of paintings in Rajasthan are Pothikhana (Jaipur), Mansingh Pustak Prakash (Jodhpur), Sarswati Bhandar (Udaipur) and museums of local Maharajas and feudals.

Question 15.
Name any two Havelis of Jaisalmer.
Answer:
Two Havelis of Jaisalmer

1. Salimsingh Haveli
2. Patawon-Ki-Haveli

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