RBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

These comprehensive RBSE Class 10 Social Science Notes Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries will give a brief overview of all the concepts.

RBSE Class 10 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Manufacturing Industries

Manufacturing – Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials to more valuable products is called manufacturing:

Importance of Manufacturing – Manufacturing sector is considered as the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular. e.g., Sugar from sugarcane.

Contribution of industries to national economy – Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17% of Gross Domestic Production. This is much lower in comparison to some east Asian economies, there it is 25-35%.

Industrial locations – Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market etc.

Agglomeration economies – Many industries tend to come together to make use of the advantages offered by the urban centres known as agglomeration economies.

Classification of Industries –

1. On the basis of source of raw materials used :

• Agro based – cotton, jute, rubber, sugar etc.
• Mineral based – iron and steel, cement, aluminium.

2. According to their main roles :

• Basic or key industries – iron and steel, copper, copper smelting.
• Consumer industries – sugar, toothpaste, paper etc.

3. On the basis of capital investment.

4. On the basis of ownership.

• Public sector – SAIL, BHEL etc.
• Private sector – TISCO, Bajaj Auto Ltd. etc.
• Joint sector – Oil India Ltd. etc.
• Cooperative sector – Sugar industry in Maharashtra.

5. Based on the bulk and weight of raw materials and finished goods.

• Heavy industries – Iron and steel
• Light industry – Electrical industry

Industrial pollution and environmental degradation – Industries are responsible for four types of industrial pollution – air pollution, water pollution, thermal pollution, noise pollution. Control of environmental degradation –

• Minimizing use of water for processing.
• Harvesting of rainwater to meet water requirements.
• Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.