RBSE Class 9 Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms

Rajasthan Board RBSE Class 9 Science Important Questions Chapter 7 Diversity in Living Organisms Important Questions and Answers.

RBSE Class 9 Science Chapter 7 Important Questions Diversity in Living Organisms

Objective Type Questions

Question 1.
Which among the following has specialised tissue for conduction of water?
(i) Thallophyta
(ii) Bryophyta
(iii) Pteridophyta
(iv) Gymnosperms
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (i) and (iv)
Answer:
(c) (iii) and (iv)

Question 2.
Which among the following produce seeds?
(a) Thallophyta
(b) Bryophyta
(c) Pteridophyta
(d) Gymnosperms
Answer:
(d) Gymnosperms

Question 3.
Which one is a true fish?
(a) Jellyfish
(b) Starfish
(c) Dogfish
(d) Silverfish
Answer:
(c) Dogfish

Question 4.
Which among the following is exclusively marine?
(a) Porifera
(b) Echinodermata
(c) Mollusca
(d) Pisces
Answer:
(b) Echinodermata

Question 5.
Which among the following have open circulatory system?
(i) Arthropoda
(ii) Mollusca
(iii) Annelida
(iv) Coelenterata
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iii)
(d) (ii) and (iv)
Answer:
(a) (i) and (ii)

Question 6.
In which group of animals, coelom is filled with blood?
(a) Arthropoda
(b) Annelida
(c) Nematoda
(d) Echinodermata
Answer:
(a) Arthropoda

Question 7.
Elephantiasis is caused by :
(a) Wuchereria
(b) Pinworm
(c) Planarians
(d) Liver flukes
Answer:
(a) Wuchereria

Question 8.
Which one is the most striking or (common) character of the vertebrates?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Presence of triploblastic condition
(c) Presence of gill pouches
(d) Presence of coelom
Answer:
(a) Presence of notochord

Question 9.
Which among the following have scales?
(i) Amphibians
(ii) Pisces
(iii) Reptiles
(iv) Mammals
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (i) and (ii)
Answer:
(c) (ii) and (iii)

Question 10.
Pteridophyta do not have :
(a) root
(b) stem
(c) flowers
(d) leaves
Answer:
(c) flowers

Question 11.
Identify a member of porifera :
(a) Spongilla
(b) Euglena
(c) Penicillium
(d) Hydra
Answer:
(a) Spongilla

Question 12.
Which is not an aquatic animal?
(a) Hydra
(b) Jellyfish
(c) Corals
(d) Filaria
Answer:
(d) Filaria

Question 13.
Amphibians do not have the following :
(a) Three chambered heart
(b) Gills or lungs
(c) Scales
(d) Mucous glands
Answer:
(c) Scales

Question 14.
Organisms without nucleus and cell organelles belong to :
(i) Fungi
(ii) Protista
(iii) Cyanobacteria
(iv) Archaebacteria
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Answer:
(b) (iii) and (iv)

Question 15.
The feature that is not a characteristic of protochordata?
(a) Presence of notochord
(b) Bilateral symmetry and coelom
(c) Jointed legs
(d) Presence of circulatory system
Answer:
(c) Jointed legs

Question 16.
The locomotory organs of Echinodermata are :
(a) tube feet
(b) muscular feet
(c) jointed legs
(d) parapodia
Answer:
(a) tube feet

Question 17.
Who introduced the system of scientific nomenclature of organisms?
(a) Robert Whittaker
(b) Carolus Linnaeus
(c) Robert Hooke
(d) Ernst Haeckel
Answer:
(b) Carolus Linnaeus

Question 18.
Two chambered heart occurs in :
(a) Crocodiles
(b) Fish
(c) Aves
(d) Amphibians
Answer:
(b) Fish

Question 19.
Skeleton is made entirely of cartilage in :
(a) Sharks
(b) Tuna
(c) Rohu
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Sharks

Question 20.
One of the following is not an Annelid :
(a) Nereis
(b) Earthworm
(c) Leech
(d) Urchins
Answer:
(d) Urchins

Question 21.
The book Systema Naturae was written by :
(a) Linnaeus
(b) Haeckel
(c) Whittaker
(d) Robert Brown
Answer:
(a) Linnaeus

Question 22.
Karl Von Linne was involved with which branch of science?
(a) Morphology
(b) Taxonomy
(c) Physiology
(d) Medicine
Answer:
(b) Taxonomy

Question 23.
Real organs are absent in :
(a) Mollusca
(b) Coelenterata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Echinodermata
Answer:
(b) Coelenterata

Question 24.
Hard calcium carbonate structures are used as skeleton by :
(a) Echinodermata
(b) Protochordata
(c) Arthropoda
(d) Nematoda
Answer:
(a) Echinodermata

Question 25.
Differentiation in segmental fashion occurs in :
(a) Leech
(b) Starfish
(c) Snails
(d) Ascaris
Answer:
(a) Leech

Question 26.
In taxonomic hierarchy family comes between :
(a) Class and Order
(b) Order and Genus
(c) Genus and Species
(d) Division and Class
Answer:
(b) Order and Genus

Question 27.
5-Kingdom classification has given by :
(a) Morgan
(b) R. Whittaker
(c) Linnaeus
(d) Haeckel
Answer:
(b) R. Whittaker

Question 28.
Well defined nucleus is absent in :
(a) blue-green algae
(b) diatoms
(c) algae
(d) yeast
Answer:
(a) blue-green algae

Question 29.
Fill in the blanks :
(a) Fungi shows ………………….. mode of nutrition.
(b) Cell wall of fungi is made up of …………………..
(c) Association between blue green algae and fungi is called as …………………..
(d) Chemical nature of chitin is …………………..
(e) ………………….. has smallest number of organisms with maximum number of similar characters.
(f) Plants without well differentiated stem, root and leaf are kept in …………………..
(g) ………………….. are called as amphibians of the plant kingdom.
Answer:
(a) saprophytic,
(b) chitin,
(c) lichens,
(d) carbohydrates,
(e) Species,
(f) thallophyta,
(g) Bryophytes.

Question 30.
Match items of column A with items of column B.

Column A	Column B
1. Naked seed	(a) Angiosperms
2. Covered seed	(b) Gymnosperms
3. Flagella	(c) Bryophytes
4. Marchantia	(d) Euglena
5. Marsilea	(e) Thallophyta
6. Cladophora	(f) Pteridophyta
7. Penicillium	(g) Fungi

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Naked seed	(b) Gymnosperms
2. Covered seed	(a) Angiosperms
3. Flagella	(d) Euglena
4. Marchantia	(c) Bryophytes
5. Marsilea	(f) Pteridophyta
6. Cladophora	(e) Thallophyta
7. Penicillium	(g) Fungi

Question 31.
Match items of column A with items of column B :

Column A	Column B
1. Pore bearing animals	(a) Arthropoda
2. Diploblastic	(b) Coelenterata
3. Metameric segmentation	(c) Porifera
4. Jointed legs	(d) Echinodermata
5. Soft-bodied animals	(e) Mollusca
6. Spiny skinned animals	(f) Annelida

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Pore bearing animals	(c) Porifera
2. Diploblastic	(b) Coelenterata
3. Metameric segmentation	(f) Annelida
4. Jointed legs	(a) Arthropoda
5. Soft-bodied animals	(e) Mollusca
6. Spiny skinned animals	(d) Echinodermata

Question 32.
Read the statements carefully and identify whether they are True or False-
1. Whittaker proposed five kingdom classification.
2. Monera is divided into Archaebacteria and Eubacteria.
3. Starting from Class, Species comes before the Genus.
4. Anabaena belongs to the kingdom Monera.
5. Blue green algae belongs to the kingdom Protista.
6. All prokaryotes are classified under Monera.
Answer:
1. True
2. True
3. False
4. True
5. False
6. True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the writer who wrote the book “The Origin of Species”.
Answer:
Charles Darwin wrote the book “The Origin of Species” in 1859.

Question 2.
Who proposed the classification of organisms into 5 kingdoms?
Answer:
Robert H. Whittaker proposed the classification of organisms into 5 kingdoms in 1959.

Question 3.
Define species.
Answer:
Species are organisms within genus with slight difference from other and capable of breeding and perpetuate.

Question 4.
Give examples of the organisms belonging to Monera and Protista kingdom.
Answer:
Monera – Anabaena, blue-green algae.
Protista – Euglena, Paramecium, Amoeba.

Question 5.
Name the appendages used for movement by organism belonging to Protista kingdom.
Answer:

• Paramecium – Cilia
• Euglena – Flagella
  Amoeba – Pseudopodia

Question 6.
Who proposed the two kingdom classification?
Answer:
Carolus Linnaeus proposed the two kingdom classification.

Question 7.
What is lichen?
Answer:
Lichen is the symbiotic association of fungi and blue-green algae.

Question 8.
What is symbiotic relationship?
Answer:
It is a relationship between two organisms in which both of them are benefitted, e.g., fungi gets food from blue-green algae and in return blue-green algae gets shelter (lichens).

Question 9.
What is biodiversity?
Answer:
Various types of living organisms found in a particular region is called biodiversity.

Question 10.
What is saprophytic nutrition?
Answer:
The organism? that use dead and decaying organic matter as mode of nutrition is known as saprophytic nutrition.

Question 11.
What is evolution?
Answer:
Evolution is the change in heritance characteristics of organisms over generations.

Question 12.
Name the plant amphibian.
Answer:
Bryophyta, e g. funaria.

Question 13.
What are cryptogamae?
Answer:
The plants with hidden reproductive organs are called cryptogamae, e.g. fern.

Question 14.
Give examples of pteridophytes.
Answer:
Marsilea and fern.

Question 15.
Name the reproductive organ of plants.
Answer:
Flower.

Question 16.
Which divisions of the plant kingdom are called cryptogams? Why are they called so?
Answer:
Thallophyta, Bryophyta and Pteridophyta divisions of plant kingdom are called cryptogamae. All these divisions have hidden reproductive organs.

Question 17.
What are gymnosperms?
Answer:
Gymnosperms are the group of plants that bear naked seeds, e.g. pines, deodar.

Question 18.
What are angiosperms?
Answer:
Angiosperms are the group of plants with covered seeds. These are flowering plants.

Question 19.
What are cotyledons?
Answer:
Plant embryos in seeds have structure called cotyledons. Cotyledens are also known as seed leaves.

Question 20.
Define radial symmetry.
Answer:
When any plane axis passing through the central axis of the body divide? the -animal into two halves that are mirror image, is called radial symmetry. For example : sponges, starfish.

Question 21.
What is the meaning of triploblastic?
Answer:
Animals which have three layers of cells : ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm from which differentiated tissues can be made, e.g. tapeworm.

Question 22.
What is bilateral symmetry?
Answer:
Anything is said to have bilateral symmetry if the body have same design in left and right halves of the body.

Question 23.
What do you mean by “cold-blooded animals”?
Answer:
Cold-blooded animals are the animals that show the variation in their body temperature according to the surroundings, e.g. fish, amphibians, reptiles.

Question 24.
Write the name of three mammals that live in water.
Answer:
Whale, platypus and dolphins.

Question 25.
Name a fish with skeleton made up of cartilage.
Answer:
Shark.

Question 26.
Give example of two fishes which have skeleton made up of both bone and cartilage.
Answer:
Tuna and rohu.

Question 27.
What is biological classification?
Answer:
Grouping of organisms based on similarities and dissimilarities is called biological classification.

Question 28.
What is taxonomy?
Answer:
The systematic study of identification, classification and naming of oraganisms is called taxonomy.

Question 29.
Who made first attempt for scientific basis of classification?
Answer:
Aristotle.

Question 30.
On what morphological criteria Aristotle classified the plants?
Answer:
Based on the morphological nature of the stem.

Question 31.
What are unicellular organisms? Give an example for unicellular organisms.
Answer:
One celled or Single celled organisms are called unicellular organisms.
Example : Chlamydomonas, Amoeba, Euglena. .

Question 32.
What are multicellular, organisms? Give an example for multi cellular organisms.
Answer:
Organisms whose body is made up of many numbers of cells are called multicellular organisms. Example : Spirogyra, Mango, Man.

Question 33.
Give an example for kingdom Monera.
Answer:
Bacteria, Nostoc, Mycoplasma.

Question 34.
What are autotrophic bacteria?
Answer:
The bacteria which synthesise their own food from inorganic substances are called autotrophic bacteria. Example : Nostoc, Anabaena.

Question 35.
What are heterotrophic bacteria?
Answer:
The bacteria which do not synthesise their own food but depend on other organisms or dead organic matter are called heterotrophic bacteria.

Question 36.
What are cyano bacteria?
Answer:
Bacteria that obtain their energy through photosynthesis.

Question 37.
What are heterocysts?
Answer:
The colourless specialised cells of nostoc filament meant for fixing atmospheric nitrogen are called heterocysts.

Question 38.
What are chemosynthetic autotrophic bacteria?
Answer:
The bacteria which oxidise inorganic substances like nitrate, nitrifies and ammonia to release energy in the form of ATP are called chemosynthetic bacteria.

Question 39.
Name the kingdom which includes single celled eukaryotes.
Answer:
Kingdom Protista.

Question 40.
Name the two methods of protista’s reproduction.
Answer:

1. Asexual reproduction (cell fusion),
2. Sexual reproduction (zygote formation).

Question 41.
What are planktons?
Answer:
The microscopic organisms which floats on water are called planktons.

Question 42.
Name the chemical component of cell wall of diatoms.
Answer:
Chitin.

Question 43.
Which are chief producer of oceans?
Answer:
Diatoms.

Question 44.
What are euglenoids?
Answer:
The fresh water organisms found in stagnant water with protein rich particle in their cell wall are called euglenoids.

Question 45.
Name parasitic protozoans.
Answer:
Entamoeba, Plasmodium (Malarial parasite).

Question 46.
Give an example for flagellated protozoans.
Answer:
Trypanosoma, Euglena.

Question 47.
Name parasitic flagellated protozoan.
Answer:
Trypanosoma.

Question 48.
Name the disease caused by Trypanosoma.
Answer:
Sleeping sickness.

Question 49.
Give one example of ciliated protozoans.
Answer:
Paramecium.

Question 50.
Give one example for sporozoan.
Answer:
Plasmodium.

Question 51.
Which one is called malarial parasite?
Answer:
Plasmodium.

Question 52.
Name the disease caused by plasmodium.
Answer:
Malaria.

Question 53.
Name the kingdom which includes eukaryotic heterotrophic organisms.
Answer:
Kingdom Mycota (Fungi).

Question 54.
Which fungi acts as a source of antibiotics?
Answer:
Penicillium.

Question 55.
Why should we keep fruits and vegetables in refrigerator?
Answer:
To prevent food from getting bad due to bacterial or fungal infections.

Question 56.
Name the cell wall component of fungi.
Answer:
Chitin and polysaccharides.

Question 57.
How are pores or holes all over the body of Porifera important?
Answer:
The pores present all over the body of the organisms lead to a canal system that helps in circulating water throughout the body to bring in food and oxygen.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the characteristics of Monera.
Answer:
(a) Organisms are unicellular and do not have a defined nucleus,
(b) Some organisms can have cell wall while some cannot.
(c) Cell organelles are not covered with double membrane.
(d) Autotrophic or Heterotrophic.

Question 2.
Give the difference between thallophyta and bryophyta.
Answer:

Thallophyta	Bryophyta
1. Plant body is not well differentiated into stem and leaf-like structure.	1. Plant body is differentiated to form stem and leaf-like structure.
2. Example : Spirogyra	2. Example : Moss
The plant in this group are commonly called 3. algae.	3. These are called the amphibians of the plant kingdom.

Question 3.
What are hermaphrodites? Give two examples.
Answer:
Hermaphrodites are the organisms that have both the sexes. Thus, it can produce both sperms and eggs and called hermaphrodites. Example: Sponges, earthworms.

Question 4.
Give the differences between monocots and dicots.
Answer:

Monocots	Dicots
1. Embryo with single cotyledon	1. Embryo with two cotyledons
2. Pollen with single pore	2. Pollen with three pores
3. Flower parts in multiples of three	3. Flower parts in multiples of four or five
4. Major leaf veins parallel	4. Major leaf veins reticulated
5. Scattered stem vascular bundles	5. Stem vascular bundles in a ring
6. Adventitious roots	6. Roots develop from radical
7. Absence of secondary growth	7. Presence of secondary growth

Question 5.
Give the differences between radial and bilateral symmetry.
Answer:

Bilateral Symmetry	Radial Symmetry
1. Bilateral symmetry has a symmetric plane.	1. Radial symmetry has a symmetric axis.
2. In bilateral symmetry identified two equal parts.	2. In radial symmetry few similar portions of the body can be identified.
3. Bilaterally symmetric animals can be found in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats.	3. Radial symmetric animals are found in water.
4. Bilateral symmetry is more common as there are more animal phylum with bilateral symmetry compared to radial symmetry.	4. Radial symmetry is not so common among animals.

Question 6.
Differentiate between vertebrates and invertebrates.
Answer:

Invertebrate	Vertebrate
1. Animals do not have a backbone.	1. Animals with backbone.
2. No cell walls.	2. Well-developed brain, internal skeleton, advanced nervous system and cellular skin.
3. Small and slow moving.	3. Big in size.
4. Flatworms, insects are few examples.	4. Human, snakes, birds are few examples.

Question 7.
Name the phylum of the following animals:
Answer:
(a) Tapeworm – Platyhelminthes
(b) Starfish – Echinodermata
(c) Jellyfish – Coelenterata
(d) Octopus – Mollusca

Question 8.
Identify the phylum for the following characteristics given :
(a) Organisms with joint appendages.
(b) Organisms are generally flatworms.
(c) Body is segmented.
(d) Skin of organisms is full of spikes.
Answer:
(a) Arthropoda
(b) Platyhelminthes
(c) Annelida
(d) Echinodermata

Question 9.
State the features of all chordates.
Answer:
All chordates possess the following features :

• Have a notochord
• Have a dorsal nerve chord
• Are triploblastic
• Bilaterally symmetrical body
• Respire through lungs on land and through gills in water.

Question 10.
Give general characteristics of ‘Platyhelminthes’.
Answer:

(a) Flatworms
(b) Parasitic mode of nutrition
(c) Triploblastic animal
(d) No true internal body cavity
Example: Tapeworm, planaria, liver fluke.

Question 11.
Give general characteristics of Porifera.
Answer:

• Animals with pores all over the body.
• Body is not well differentiated.
• Non-motile animals remain attached to solid support.
• Body is covered with hard outer skeleton. Example: Sponges.

Question 12.
Give specific characteristics of Coelenterata.
Answer:

• Water living animals.
• Body is made up of two layers of cells.
• Some of them live in colonies (corals), while others have solitary life-span (Hydra).
• Body cavity present.
• Radially symmetrical.

Question 13.
Give the characteristics of Arthropoda with two examples.
Answer:

• Arthropoda means jointed legs.
• Animals are bilaterally symmetrical and segmented.
• It has an open circulatory system.
• This is the largest group of animals.

Examples:

• Spider
• Scorpions
• Crabs
• House flies.

Question 14.
Give the characteristic features of Echinodermata.
Answer:

• Spikes present on skin.
• Free living, marine animals.
• Triploblastic and have a coelomic cavity.
• Have a peculiar water driven tube system used for moving around.
• Have hard calcium carbonate structure that is used as a skeleton.
• Examples : Starfish, sea-urchin.

Question 15.
What are the conventions followed for writing the scientific names?
Answer:
The conventions followed while writing the scientific names are :

• The name of the genus begins with a capital letter.
• The name of the species begins with a small letter.
• When printed, the scientific name is given in italic.
• When written by hand, the genus name and the species name have to be underlined separately.

Question 16.
Name the phylum of the following organisms, whose exclusive characteristics is given below :
(a) Hollow bones
(b) Jointed appendages
(c) Flatworm
(d) Round worms, parasitic
(e) Soft body, muscular marine animal
(f) Radially symmetrical, spiny skin.
Answer:
(a) Phylum chordata, subphylum-vertebrata, class-Aves
(b) Phylum-Arthropoda
(c) Phylum-Platyhelminthes
(d) Phylum-Ascheiminthes
(e) Phylum-Mollusca
(f) Phylum-Echinodermata

Question 17.
Give the characteristics of amphibians.
Answer:
Amphibians are vertebrates that live on land and in water.

• They are cold-blooded.
• Heart is three-chambered.
• Fertilisation is external.
• Respiration occurs through lungs on land and through moist skin when in water.
• Examples : Frog, Toads.

Question 18.
Give the characteristics of Aves.
Answer:

• Aves/birds can fly.
• Streamlined body.
• Hollow and light bones.
• Forelimbs are modified into wings.
• Warm-blooded animals, heart with four chambers.
• Egg laying animals.
• Beak present, teeth are absent.

Question 19.
Why do most of the amphibians lay their eggs in water while reptiles lay their eggs on land?
Answer:
Amphibians lay their eggs in water because the young ones have gills in initial stages of hatching out of egg by that they can breathe in water. But in case of reptiles the young ones’ need warmth in initial stages of hatching out of egg so the reptiles lay their eggs on land.

Question 20.
Give the hierarchy of five kingdom classification of living world.
Answer:

Question 21.
Mention the main criteria of R.H. Whittaker’s classification.
Answer:

• Cell structure
• Thallus organisation
• Mode of nutrition
• Reproduction
• Phylogenetic relationships were considered by Whittaker.

Question 22.
What are parasites? Name two protozoan parasites you have studied.
Answer:
The organisms which depend on the other host organisms for their requirement of food are called parasites.
Examples :

• Plasmodium
• Trypanosoma.

Question 23.
Write briefly about lichens.
Answer:

• Lichens are symbiotic dose association of two different organisms such as algae and fungi.
• Algal component of lichen is known as phycobiont which is photosynthetic in nature.
• Fungal component of living form is known as mycobiont which is non-photosynthetic, but helps in absorption of minerals, nutrients and water.
• Lichens are very good pollution indicator as they do not grow in polluted areas.

Question 24.
What are prokaryotes? Give one example of prokaryote.
Answer:
The organisms which do not have well organised nucleus in their cell are called prokaryotes. In other words, organisms containing incipient nucleus (Nudeoid) in their cells are called prokaryotes. Example : Bacteria, Nostoc (cyanobacteria/ B.G. Algae).

Question 25.
What are plasmodium?
Answer:
Aggregation of slime moulds under suitable conditions are called plasmodium, which may grow and spread over several feet. During unfavorable conditions they differentiate and follow fruiting bodies.

Question 26.
Why bryophytes and pteriodophytes grow in moist and shady places?
Answer:
Bryophytes and pteriodophytes need water for their reproduction. Because reproduction in these organisms can take place when water helps in carrying male gamete to female gamete.

Question 27.
What is the importance of classification?
Answer:
Classification is important because :

• Classification makes the study of wide variety of organisms systematic and easier.
• It projects a picture of all organisms and their interrelation with each other.
• It provides a base for the study of other branches of biology.
• It is useful in the study of ecology, which deals with the inter-relation of an organism with their environment.
• It helps to establish a hierarchy of groups of organisms.

Question 28.
What are the characteristic features of mammals?
Answer:
Characteristic features of mammals :

• Body is covered with hair.
• Skin is provided with sweat and sebaceous glands.
• Heart is four-chambered.
• Fertilisation is internal.
• Females have mammary glands to produce milk to nourish their young ones.
• External ear-pinna present.
• Eyes have eyelids.
• Warm-blooded.
• Respiration through lungs.

Question 29.
What are the characteristic features of reptiles?
Answer:
The characteristics of reptiles :

• Dry scaly, impermeable skin.
• Respiration through lungs.
• Cold-blooded
• Internal fertilisation.
• Heart is three chambered.
• Two pairs of pentadactyl limbs are present.

Question 30.
Give the characteristics of flatworms, roundworms and segmented worms. Give their phylum.
Answer:

Flatworms	Roundworms	Segmented Worms
1. Phylum – Platyhelminthes	1. Phylum – Nematoda	1. Phylum – Annelida
2. Dorso-ventrally flat, i.e. flat body from top to bottom	2. Body is cylindrical.	2. Body is segmented from head to tail.
3. No true body cavity	3. Pseudocoelom sort of body cavity	3. True body cavity
4. Mostly hermaphrodite, i.e. male and female sex organs present in the same individual.	4. Sexes are separate.	4. Maybe unisexual or bisexual.

Question 31.
Give differences between Algae and Fungi.
Answer:

Algae	Fungi
1. Green pigments are present.	1. Green pigments are absent.
2. Autotrophic	2. Heterotrophic
3. Mostly aquatic	3. Mostly terrestrial
4. The cell wall is made of cellulose.	4. The cell wall is made of chitin.
5. Contains starch as a stored food material.	5. Contains glycogen and oil as a stored food material.

Question 32.
Give differences between Cryptogamae and Phanaerogamae.
Answer:

Cryptogamae	Phanerogamae
1. Has seed-less plants.	1. Has seed in plants.
2. Possesses both vascular and non-vascular plants.	2. Possesses only vascular plants.
3. External water is required for fertilisation.	3. External water is not required.

Question 33.
What is the importance of heterotrophic bacteria?
Answer:

• Conversion of milk to curd.
• Antibiotic productions.
• N₂ fixation in leguminous roots.
• Act as pathogen, causing diseases like cholera, typhoid tetanus.
• Damage corps (citrus canker disease)
• Act as ‘Scavengers of nature’ by decomposing dead and decaying organic matter.

Question 34.
Write the characteristic features of the kingdom – protista.
Answer:

• All protists are single celled eukaryotes.
• It includes plant protist (photosynthetic protozoans) and animal protists.
• Protist members are primarily agnatic in nature and some are parasitic.
• The kingdom protista links with other plants, fungi and animals.
• Same protistan members have flagella or cilia as locomotory organs.
• Protists can reproduce asexually-by binary fission and sexually by a process involving cell fusion and Zygote formation.

Question 35.
Write the salient features of protozoans.
Answer:

• All protozoans are eukaryotic, microscopic and unicellular.
• They are heterotrophic, live as predators or parasites (plasmodium and Trypanosoma).
• They are believed to be primitive relatives of animals.

Protozoans are grouped into four major groups, such as :

• Amoeboid protozoans
• Flagellated protozoans
• Ciliated protozoans
• Sporozoans

Question 36.
Draw labelled diagram of three protozoa.
Answer:

(a) Amoeba

(b) Paramecium

(c) Euglena

Question 37.
Write the important characters of kingdom – animalia.
Answer:

• Kingdom Animalia indudes heterotrophic, multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
• Cells are not. containing cell walls.
• Animals directly or indirectly depend on plants for food.
• They digest their food in an internal cavity.
• Animals store food reserves as glycogen or fat.
• The mode of nutrition in animals is holozoic (by ingestion of food).
• Higher forms animals show elaborate sensory and neuromotor mechanism.
• Most of the animals are capable of locomotion.
• The sexual reproduction is by copulation of male and female, followed by embryological development.

Question 38.
Label a, b, c and d given in the figure. Give the function of b.
Answer:

(a) Dorsal fin, (b) Caudal fin, (c) Pelvic fin, (d) Pectoral fin
Function of Caudal fin – Caudal fin helps in streamlined movement in water.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the classification of plant kingdom.
Answer:
The classification of plant kingdom :

Question 2.
Give the outline classification of animalia kingdom.
Answer:

Question 3.
Write names of few thallophytes. Draw a labelled diagram of Spirogyra.
Answer:
Ulva, Spirogyra, Cladophora, Ulothrix, Chara are the some examples of Thallophyta.

Question 4.
Why are Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta called ‘Cryptogams’ while Gymnosperms and Angiosperms are called ‘phanerogams’? Draw one example of Gymnosperm.
Answer:
Thallophyta, bryophyta and pteridophyta are called as ‘Cryptogams’ because the reproductive organs of plants in all these three group are hidden and plants do not bear flowers or seeds. On the other hand ‘Phanerogams’ are flowering and bear seeds. Phanerogams include gymnosperms and angiosperms which have well-differentiated reproductive tissue that finally make seeds. Seeds are the result of the reproductive process. Seeds consist of the embryo along with stored food, which serves for the primary growth of the embryo during germination.

Question 5.
Write the general characteristics of kingdom – fungi.
Answer:

• The fungi are the unique heterotrophic organisms either saprophytic or parasitic or symbiotic.
• The fungi are cosmopolitan in distribution and occur in air, water, soil and on plants and animals.
• They are unicellular (yeast) or multicellular, eukaryotic organisms.
• Fungi are filamentous and the body consisting of long, slender thread-like structures called hyphae, may be coenocytes hyphae or septate hyphae.
• The network of hyphae in fungi is called mycelium.
• The cell walls of fungi are composed of chitin and polysaccharides.

Reproduction in fungi can take place by three methods :

• Vegetative
• Asexual
• Sexual reproduction.

Question 6.
Write the characteristics of phanerogamae plants. In how many parts are they divided? Explain.
Answer:
Characteristics of phanerogams :

• These plants have saprophytic body and is well differentiated into roots, stems and leaves.
• These plants have a well developed vascular system.
• After fertilization, the embryo develops from the fertilised egg.
• Seeds of these plants consist embryos with stored food for the nourishment of embryo during germination.

Based on the presence or absence of fruits or whether the seeds are naked or enclosed in fruits, these are divided into two groups :

1. Gymnosperms
2. Angiosperms

1. Gymnosperms-

• These are evergreen, woody and perennial plants.
• They bear naked seeds.
• Their seeds are often configured as cones.
• Examples- Pines (Pinus), Cycas and deodar (Cedrus).

2. Angiosperms-

• Their seeds develop inside an ovary which is modified to become a fruit.
• They bear enclosed seeds covered in fruits.
• These are also called flowering plants.

Angiosperms can be divided into two parts on the basis of the presence of cotyledons-
(a) Monocotyledons or monocots (seeds having single cotyledon).
Examples- Wheat, maze, etc
(b) Dicotyledons or dicots (seeds having two cotyledons).
Examples- Peas, gram etc.