Class 6

Start practicing the RBSE Solutions Class 6 Social Science and Class 6 SST Chapter 9 Family and Community Question Answer to consolidate your knowledge effectively.

Family and Community Class 6 Questions and Answers

Family and Community Class 6 Question Answer (InText)

Page 137

Question 1.
Why is the family unit important?
Answer:
Importance of family :

1. All of us live in a family. The family is the fundamental and most ancient unit of any society.
2. Relationships among family members are based on love, care, cooperation and interdependence. It means these values are taught to everyone by family only.
3. Each member of the family has a role and responsibility towards other members. So, family develops a sense of responsibility among members.
4. Through daily practices, children learn to participate in family life. They also learn about traditions, customs, values etc. Hence, family is the carrier of culture.
5. The family is also a school where children learn important values such as Ahimsa, Dana, Seva, Tyaga.
6. From the above explanation it is clear that family is a fundamental unit of society.

Question 2.
What is a community and what is its role?
Answer:
Community : The group which is formed by the association of members of different families is called a community.

Role of Community :

1. Members of a community come together for various reasons like celebrating festivals and organising feasts, weddings and other events. In this way when any member of a community needs help, they come together and help each other without any selfishness.
2. For the proper functioning of community, it is necessary that all families and individuals within the community have specific duties to perform. All the members can work for collective interest rather than self-interest.
3. Communities are interdependent on each other. For example, Resident Welfare Associations will depend on the trading community for supplies and also on municipal workers to handle waste.
4. An individual can be a member of various communities.

Page 138

Question 1.
What types of families do you see in your neighbourhood? List the type with the number of households for each type.
Answer:
We see two types of families in our neighbourhood :
(1) Nuclear family
(2) Joint family

(1) Nuclear family : A nuclear family is limited to a couple and their children and sometimes one parent and children. Some nuclear families have four members including husband-wife and their children.

(2) Joint family : A joint family how several generations living together—grandparents, parents, uncles and aunts, brothers, sisters and cousins. A nuclear family is limited to a couple and their children and sometime one parent and children.

Question 2.
What types are more frequent? Why do you think this is so?
Answer:
Nuclear families are more trequent. We live in Jaipur city. Many people are living here for good job opportunities. These people cannot live with their parents due to non-availability of proper accommodation. Due to lack of income, they are not able to bring other members with them. Hence, they are living in nuclear family.

People of joint families have also disintegrated into nuclear families due to their different professions, different interests and ambitions.

Page 139

Question 1.
Make a list of all the members of your family you can think of, including a few distant relatives. List their terms in your mother tongue or regional language and try to find the equivalent in English.
Answer:
[Do yourself.]

Page 140

Question 1.
Answer these questions and compare your answers with few classmates :
1. Who in your family decides what is to be bought from the market?
Answer:
Mother

2. Who cooks food in your home?
Answer:
Mother

3. Who is the oldest person in your family?
Answer:
Father

4. Who cleans the floor in your home?
Answer:
Maid servant

5. Who washes utensils in your house?
Answer:
Maid servant

6. Who helps you to do your homework?
Answer:
Mother
[Note : Students will compare the answers with their classmates.]

Page 141

Question 1.
Draw a simple tree of Shalini’s family of seven members.
Answer:

Question 2.
Why do you think Shalini’s parents bought clothes for everyone?
Answer:
Shalini’s uncle has lost his job and having financial difficulties. Shalini’s grandmother told Shalini’s father that his brother cannot buy new clothes for the festival. Hence Shalini’s parents bought new clothes for all the members. In this way they helped each other and shared what they had.

Question 3.
What would you have done if you were in Shalini’s place?
Answer:
If I were at Shalini’s place I would also be happy as everyone could get some new clothes.

Page 142

Question 1.
Why does Tenzing’s father consult his wife for special expenses?
Answer:
Tenzing’s father consults his wife for special expenses so that they can save money for any unexpected needs that may arise in the future.

Question 2.
What do you think about Tenzing’s father’s participation in household chores?
Answer:
Both husband and wife have responsibility to organise household chores. Tenzing’s mother was working in a local handicraft co-operative. She had less time for household chores hence father took the responsibility of that. In my view, Tenzing’s father’s participation in household chores was natural.

Question 3.
What roles do the grandparents fulfill?
Answer:
Tenzing’s grandmother cooks food. She tells interesting stories with humour and wisdom.
Tenzing’s grandfather helps him in his homework and takes him to the school bus stop. He is always actively involved in social work and offering his help to others.

Page 143

Question 1.
In the stories of Shalini and Tenzing, we see examples of joint families. What do you think are the aspects of modern living that make some couple opt for a nuclear family.
Answer:
Due to the rapid process of urbanization in modem life many people from villages and towns comes to city for education, employment etc. Population is also increasing in villages hence pressure on agriculture is also increasing. It has become difficult for all the members of family to depend on it. As a result, they migrate to nearby cities for employment. Many people in villages like carpenter, barber, washerman, potters etc. do not have sufficient work for survival and they are coming to cites for their livelihood. Due to limited living space in cities, people have to adopt nuclear family.

Page 147

Question 1.
Make a list of all people outside your family that are supporting you through their work in one way or another.
Answer:
Students will do themselves.

Page 148

Question 1.
What types of communities are you part of?
Answer:
I am part of various communities such as sports community, drama group, committee of a colony etc.

Question 2.
Is there a club that you are a part of in school? How does it function?
Answer:
Students will do themselves.

Class 6 SST Family and Community Question Answer (Exercise)

Question 1.
What are some of the rules you follow in your family and neighbourhood? Why are they important?
Answer:
Each member of the family has a role and responsibility towards each other. We follow various rules in family such as to live in discipline, to obey our elders, to help our siblings and parents. Family member sacrifice their individual needs to fulfill needs of an entire family. Family members help each other and share what they have.

Families are connected with other families and people around them. They help each other in tough times. People living in family or near us work for collective interest without any profit. In urban areas people form their own rules and regulations. Those could be rules about waste management, cleanliness of common areas, taking care of pets etc.

Question 2.
Do you think some rules are unfair to a few people in the family or community? Why?
Answer:
We feel that some rules are unfair to the blind, disabled, children and disadvantaged people. As these categories need special facilities.

Question 3.
Describe several situations that you have observed where several community support makes a difference. You can draw or write about these.
Answer:
We have seen that community support is beneficial in case of fire, flood and any other disaster. For example, we live in an apartment in a multi storey building. One day around 2 o’clock in the night fire and smoke started to come out from the elevator. We informed about it to our neighbours. Everyone started to climb down the stairs but in one or two houses there were elderly couples. They could not walk quickly without support. In such a situation we helped them. This is a good example of community support.

Family and Community Class 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 9

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What is the fundamental and the most ancient unit of a society?
(a) Community
(b) Family
(c) Kabila
(d) Village
Answer:
(b) Family

2. On what factors do relationships between family members depend?
(a) Love
(b) Cooperation
(c) Interdependence
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these

3. How do children learn to cooperate in family?
(a) Through school education
(b) Through moral education
(c) By the instructions of parents
(d) Through daily practice
Answer:
(d) Through daily practice

4. ………………… take care of our basic necessities like food and clothing.
(a) Parents
(b) Children
(c) Neighbours
(d) Teachers
Answer:
(a) Parents

5. On which of the following occassions do members of a community come together?
(a) Celebrating festivals
(b) Organising feasts
(c) At the time of sowing and harvesting
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

6. Resident welfare association is an example of ………………… .
(a) Tribal communities
(b) Rural communities
(c) Urban communities
(d) Family
Answer:
(c) Urban communities

7. Which among the following can be called community?
(a) A family
(b) A city
(c) A village
(d) A caste
Answer:
(d) A caste

8. An individual can be a part of ………………… communities.
(a) Only one
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Several
Answer:
(d) Several

9. Which of the following is a community of people following a particular religion?
(a) Kerala’s scientific community
(b) America’s Indian community
(c) Mumbai’s Parsi community
(d) Village’s farming community
Answer:
(c) Mumbai’s Parsi community

10. What is the community basis of the village’s farming community?
(a) Religion
(b) Specific area
(c) General work
(d) General interest
Answer:
(c) General work

Fill in the blanks

1. Love and dharma are the flower and fruit of ………………… life.
Answer:
family

2. The family is the ………………… and most ………………… unit of any society.
Answer:
fundamental, ancient

3. A ………………… family is limited to a couple and their children.
Answer:
nuclear

4. Relationships among family members are based on love, care, cooperation and ………………… .
Answer:
interdependence

5. The family is also a ………………… where children learn values such as ahimsa, dana, seva and tyaga.
Answer:
school

6. Many families are connected together and it is known as ………………… .
Answer:
Community

State whether True or False

1. The Resident welfare committee is a community.
Answer:
True

2. In complex societies, an individual does not depend on anyone and communities.
Answer:
False

3. An individual may be‘part of many communities.
Answer:
True

4. In nuclear family, many generations live together.
Answer:
False

5. Individual needs are sacrificed by family members for fulfill family needs.
Answer:
True

Match the following

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the fundamental and most ancient unit of any society?
Answer:
The family

Question 2.
Write two major types of families.
Answer:

1. Nuclear family
2. Joint family

Question 3.
What is joint family?
Answer:
A joint family has several generations living together such as grandparents, parents uncles, aunts, brothers, sisters and cousins.

Question 4.
Define the term nuclear family.
Answer:
A family which has only a couple and their children is knowp as nuclear family.

Question 5.
Which languages have many terms to describe family relationship?
Answer:
Indian languages.

Question 6.
Mention the factors responsible for relationships among family members.
Answer:
Love, care, cooperation and interdependence.

Question 7.
Which festival was Shalini’s family from Kerala preparing for?
Answer:
The festival of Onam.

Question 8.
On what practices did communities agree on overtime?
Answer:
Overtime communities agreed upon some practices on the use of shared natural wealth and resources such as water, grazing lands and forest produce.

Question 9.
Define the term community.
Answer:
Community is a group of connected families and the people around them.

Question 10.
Name any two types of communities.
Answer:
(1) Urban community (2) Rural community.

Question 11.
New types of communities have emerged in the last 30 or 40 years. Give an example of that community.
Answer:
Resident Welfare Associations in many urban areas is an example of these communities.

Question 12.
Why is community a flexible concept?
Answer:
Community is a flexible concept because it has various forms.

Question 13.
Which communities can you join at your school?
Answer:
In our school, we may be part of different communities such as class, the sports community, the National Service Scheme, the National Cadet Corps, a science or drama club etc.

Question 14.
State any two features of a community.
Answer:
(i) It is a group of connected people, (ii) Community is a flexible concept.

Question 15.
Is a jati or a subdivision community?
Answer:
Yes, a jati or a subdivision of it is often a community.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between nuclear family and joint family.
Answer:
A nuclear family is limited to one couple and their children while a joint family has several generations living together— grandparents, parents, uncles, aunts, brothers, sisters and cousins.

Question 2.
Why do individuals in the family give up their own needs to take care of the family’s needs?
Answer:
All family members help each other. There is no discrimination in fulfilling the needs in the family. In a family, needs of entire family are given priority, then individuals are considered. Hence, individuals in the family give up their own needs.

Question 3.
Why do rural and tribal communities come together?
Answer:
Sometimes members of rural and tribal communities come together to celebrate festivals, organise feasts, weddings, sowing, harvesting etc.

Question 4.
How can rural communities access resources?
Answer:
Communities agreed upon some practices on the use of shared natural wealth, resources such as water, grazing lands and forest produce. This rule is rarely written down but it provides communities secure access to resources.

Question 5.
Write features of Resident Welfare Associations of urban areas.
Answer:

1. These associations form their own rules and regulations.
2. These rules could be about waste management, cleanliness of common areas, taking care of pets and so on.
3. People living in the community participate in making such rules and regulations.

Question 6.
‘Communities are interdependent on each other.’ Explain the statement.
Answer:
Communities are interdependent. Such as Resident Welfare Associations will depend on the trading community for supplies and also on municipal to workers to handle waste.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
‘Community is a flexible concept.’ Explain.
Answer:
A community cannot be defined in fixed words. It can be defined in several ways. There are many kinds of community such as community of rural area. A group of connected families and people around them form a community. There are some unwritten rules for these connections. In urban areas, people have their own rules and regulations. Some communities are based on birth such as a jati is also a community.

Question 2.
‘Community has various kinds.’ Explain with examples.
Answer:
There are various kinds of the community. Such as :
(1) Rural and Tribal communities : These communities work on rarely written down rules.

(2) Urban Community : Urban communities work on rules and regulations formed by members.

(3) Jati : A jati, or a subdivision of it is also called a community.

(4) Other Communities : A group of people of a particular religion, region, common work especially a smaller group may also be called a community. Such as Mumbai’s Parsi community, Chennai’s Sikh community, Village’s farming community etc.

Question 3.
‘Each member of the family has a rule and responsibility towards other members.’ Explain the statement with example.
Answer:
Each member of the family has a role and responsibility towards other members. Such as parents are responsible for raising their children to become happy individuals and responsible members of the society. As children grow up, they take on more responsibilities in the home to help other family members—whether parents or a sister or a brother etc.

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the differences between rural and urban community.
Answer:
Differences between rural and urban community :

1. Community life in rural areas is dominated by nature. People depend on each other and come together for various reasons like- celebrating festivals, organising feasts, weddings, sowing, harvesting etc.
   On the other hand, in urban areas natural environment is dominated by human-made environment. Communities form their own rules and regulations to come together.
2. In rural communities, there are rarely written down rules while in urban communities, rules and regulations are formed by members.
3. Rural communities often agreed upon some practices on the use of shared natural wealth and resources such as water, grazing land and forest produce? They do not have written rules.
   On the other hand, urban communities have written rules and regulations for water, electricity, sanitation etc.
4. Rural communities are formed at small level while urban communities are formed at large level.
5. In the rural community, its members are connected with other on the basis of personal and primary relationships. While in urban communities, members are indirectly connected with each other rather than direct contact.

Family and Community Class 6 Notes Social Science Chapter 9

Family :

1. The family is the fundamental and most ancient unit of any society.
2. In Indian society there are several types of families. 7lie two major types of families are :
   (i) Joint family
   (ii) Nuclear family
3. In English there are not many terms to describe family relationship but Indian languages have many terms. For example, in Hindi there is Bua, Tau, Tai, Chacha, Mausi, Nana, Nani and many more. It shows thfe deep bonds among all the family members.

Roles and Responsibilities :

1. Relationships among family members are based on love, care, cooperation and interdependence.
2. Each member of the family has a role and responsibility towards other members. To follow dharma and duties are the basic principles of Indian culture.
3. Through daily practices children learn to participate in the life of the household. They also learn traditions and practices followed by their families for generations.
4. The family is also a school where children learn values such as Ahimsa, Dana, Seva and Tyaga.
5. Individuals in the family often give up their needs to take care of the family needs.

Community :

1. Families are connected not only within themselves but also with our families and the people around them. Such a group of connected people known as Community.
2. Members of the community come together for various reasons such as celebrating festivals, weddings, agricultural work etc.
3. Overtime communities often agreed upon some practices on the use of shared natural wealth resources such as water, grazing lands. These practices have provided communities a secure access to resources.
4. All families and individuals within the community have specific duties to perform so that the community can function well.
5. Urban areas also have communities although they worked differently.
6. New types of communities have emerged in the last thirty or fourty years. Residents welfare associations in urban areas are example of communities that make their own rules and regulations.
7. Communities are interdependent such as resident welfare association will depend on the trading community and also on municipal workers to handle waste.
8. Community is a flexible concept.

Other Examples of Communities :

1. A Jati or a subdivision of it, also called a community.
2. A group of people of a particular religion, region, common work may be called a community. For example, Mumbai’s Parsi community, Kerala’s scientific community.
3. A person can be a part of different communities such as a student can be part of sports community, the national cadet corps, a science or drama club.

Start practicing the RBSE Solutions Class 6 Social Science and Class 6 SST Chapter 4 Timeline and Sources of History Question Answer to consolidate your knowledge effectively.

Timeline and Sources of History Class 6 Questions and Answers

Timeline and Sources of History Class 6 Question Answer (InText)

Page 59

Question 1.
How do we measure historical time?
Answer:
We measure historical time from the birth of Jesus Christ. Years are counted from this point and used to mark with AD. It is now called ‘Common Era’ or CE.

For example, 1947, the year India got independence can be written as 1947 AD or 1947 CE.

Similarly, the years before the birth of Jesus Christ are counted backward and used to mark as BC or Before Common Era or BCE. For example, 560 BCE is an approximate year of birth of Gautama Buddha. It means Gautama Buddha was born 560 + 2024 – 1 = 2583 years ago.

Question 2.
How can various sources help us understand history?
Answer:
We collect information about past through various sources. When historians study, say, a king or queen of 1500 years ago, an ancient monument, a war or some items of trade, they take care to gather information from various sources which they can find and consult. This is how they try to reconstruct the history of the period they are studying. Along with historians, archaeologists study the past by excavating the remains left behind by humans, animals and birds. ‘Rtey also study ancient records, anthropologists study human societies and their cultures, palaeontologists study fossils of trees, animals and humans from millions of years ago, geologists study the physical features of the Earth to know about history.

Question 3.
How did early humans live?
Answer:
Early humans lived in groups to help each other. They were mainly hunters and food gatherers. They relied on hunting, edible plants and fruits for their survival. These groups lived in temporary camps, rock shelters or caves. They used fire and started making objects to make their lives easier like stone axes, blades, arrow heads and other tools. These early humans learned to make simple ornaments such as stone or shell beads, pendants made of animal teeth and sometimes exchanged them with other groups also.

Page 60

Question 1.
How do you think understanding the past will help us understand the present world?
Answer:
History is continuous communication between the past and present. It is also a bridge between the societies of past and present. Hence, we can understand the past to know about present.

Page 67

Question 1.
Have you ever seen old coins, books, clothes, jewellery or utensils in and around your house? What type of information can we gain from such objects? Or from old houses of buildings?
Answer:
Yes, we have seen old coins, books, clothes, jewellery or utensils in and around our houses. We can collect following type of information from these objects.

Coins tells us about the kings, the extent of their empire etc. Books provide us information about the ancient life, living conditions, food habits etc. Old buildings and monuments inform us about the types of houses and their construction techniques.

Page 70

Question 1.
In the above picture (Pg. 70 of textbook), look at some activities of early humans in a rock shelter. Which ones can you recognize? Give a brief description for each.
Answer:
In this rock shelter, a woman is making rock painting depicting hunting scene by early humans. Second picture has images of animals. In left side fire can be seen. Probably meat obtained by hunting is being roasted here. Bottom of the picture shows that meat is being removed from the animal brought home. Two boys are eating something.

Page 71

Question 1.
Observe the scene on the page no. 72. It depicts an agricultural community from a few millenniums ago. List the main activities you can identify.
Answer:

1. At the top of image in right side, we can see hamlets of farming community.
2. A farmer is cutting woods into pieces with the help of a tool similar to an axe.
3. Two children are playing outside the houses.
4. The woman is cooking something in an earthen pot and probably kneading dough in another pot.
5. A man with a hammer on his shoulder is walking with sheep and dog.
6. Harvesting of crop can also be seen here and a man and a woman are making bundles of harvested crop and another man and woman are carrying it on their heads.
7. In left side, domesticated animals like cows are grazing.

Class 6 SST Timeline and Sources of History Question Answer (Exercise)

Question 1.
As a project, write the history of your family (or village if you live in one), using sources of history at your disposal. Ask your teacher to guide you.
Answer:
Students can find history of their village/family with the help of their teachers.

Question 2.
Can we compare historians to detectives? Give reasons for your answers.
Answer:
Yes, we can compare historians to detectives because detectives bring hidden information from various sources and places in the same way historians collect information from various sources of history and provide it to study the past.

Question 3.
A few exercises with dates :
(i) Place these dates chronologically on the timeline : 323 CE, 323 BCE, 100 CE, 100 BCE, 1900 BCE, 1090 CE, 2024 CE.
Answer:

(ii) If King Chandragupta was born in 320 CE, which century did he belong to? And how many years was that after the Buddha’s birth?
Answer:
King Chandragupta was bom in 4th century CE. Gautama Buddha was bom in 560 BCE and King Chandragupta was bom in 320 CE. Hence, king Chandragupta was bom (560 – 320) 240 years after the the birth of Gautama Buddha.

(iii) Rani of Jhansi was bom in 1828. Which century did she belong to? How many years was that before India’s Independence?
Answer:
Rani of Jhansi was born in the 19th century. She was born 119 years before India’s Independence (1947).

(iv) Turn ‘12,000 years ago’ into a date.
Answer:
12000 years ago means 12000 years ago from today.
We are in year 2025, the calculation will be = 12000 – 2025 + 1 = 9976 BCE.
Hence, 12000 years ago will be the year 9976 BCE.

Question 4.
Plan a visit to a nearby museum: the visit should be prepared with some prior research on the kind of exhibits the museum holds. Keep notes during the visit Write a brief report afterwards, highlighting what was unexpected / interesting / fun about the visit and the exhibits.
Answer:
Students will visit a nearby museum and they will write a brief report showing interesting facts about the visit.

Question 5.
Invite to your school an archaeologist or a historian and ask them to speak on the history of your region and why it’s important to know it.
Answer:
Students will do themselves with the help of class teacher.

Timeline and Sources of History Class 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 4

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The physical features of the Earth are studied by ………………….. .
(a) Palaeontologist
(b) Geologist
(c) Anthropologist
(d) Archaeologist
Answer:
(b) Geologist

2. Human societies and culture from the past to the present are studied by ………………….. .
(a) Archaeologist
(b) Geologist
(c) Anthropologist
(d) Palaeontologist
Answer:
(c) Anthropologist

3. Which calendar is used around the world presently to calculate time?
(a) Gregorian Calendar
(b) Muslim Calendar
(c) Chinese Calendar
(d) Hindu Calendar
Answer:
(a) Gregorian Calendar

4. In the west, the conventional year for ………………….. birth has generally been taken to be the starting point for calendar.
(a) Socrates’s
(b) Jesus Christ’s
(c) Plato’s
(d) Aristotle’s
Answer:
(b) Jesus Christ’s

5. Which among the following is an oral source to collect historical information?
(a) Folklore
(b) Poems and plays
(c) Scientific and technological tents
(d) Historical chronicles
Answer:
(a) Folklore

6. Which among the following is not an archaeological source?
(a) Sculptures
(b) Excavations
(c) Mounds
(d) Monuments
Answer:
(a) Sculptures

7. Homo sapiens have walked the planet for about ………………….. years.
(a) 10 lakh
(b) 1 crore
(c) 3 lakh
(d) 15 lakh
Answer:
(c) 3 lakh

8. Early humans discovered fire before ………………….. .
(a) 3 lakh years
(b) 6500 year
(c) 15 lakh years
(d) 10 lakh years
Answer:
(d) 10 lakh years

9. Early humans lived in
(a) caves
(b) huts
(c) kutcha houses
(d) pucca houses
Answer:
(a) caves

10. ………………….. is not an artistic source of history.
(a) Genealogy
(b) Painting
(c) Panel
(d) Sculpture
Answer:
(a) Genealogy

Fill in the blanks

1. The Earth has a very long history, of which we humans occupy only a tiny part-the most ………………….. .
Answer:
recent one

2. ………………….. are impressions of footprints, or parts of plants or animals that are found preserved within layers of soil or rocks.
Answer:
Fossils

3. ………………….. is any period of 100 years.
Answer:
Century

4. A person who studies and writes about the past is known as ………………….. .
Answer:
historian

5. Early humans were mainly hunters and ………………….. gatherers.
Answer:
food

6. The last ………………….. lasted from over (one lakh) years ago to twelve thousand years ago.
Answer:
Ice Age

State whether True or False

1. Early humans lived in temporary camps, rock shelters or caves in groups.
Answer:
True

2. At present, the Gregorian calendar is only commonly used for calculating dates of festivals and other auspicious events.
Answer:
False

3. In the west, the conventional year for Vikramaditya’s birth has been taken to be the starting point for calendar.
Answer:
False

4. Timeline shows dates and events covering any particular period.
Answer:
True

Match the following

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is meant by history?
Answer:
History is the study of the human past.

Question 2.
When did fish vertebrates appear on earth?
Answer:
About 475 million years ago.

Question 3.
How long have the early humans (primates) being living on earth?
Answer:
Approx. 10 million years ago.

Question 4.
When was fire discovered by early humans?
Answer:
About ten million years ago.

Question 5.
When did humans start to write on earth?
Answer:
About 6500 years ago.

Question 6.
What are fossils?
Answer:
Fossils are impressions of footprints or parts of plants or animals that are found preserved within layers of soil or rocks.

Question 7.
Who are geologists?
Answer:
Geologists study the physical features of the Earth like the soil, stones, hills, mountains, rivers, seas, oceans and other such parts of the Earth.

Question 8.
On which factors did early humans depend for their survival?
Answer:
Early humans were dependent on edible plants and fruits. They were hunters and food gatherers.

Question 9.
Where did early humans live?
Answer:
Early humans lived in temporary camps, rock shelters or caves.

Question 10.
How did early humans make their lives easier?
Answer:
Early humans used fire and started making objects like stone axes, arrow heads, blades and other tools to make their lives easier.

Question 11.
What kinds of ornaments were prepared by the early humans?
Answer:
Simple ornaments such as stone or shell beads, pendants made of animal teeth were prepared by the early humans.

Question 12.
What was the extent of the Ice Age?
Answer:
The last Ice Age lasted from over 100,000 (one lakh) years ago to around 12,000 years ago.

Question 13.
Where did the early humans first settle?
Answer:
At first early humans settled near rivers.

Question 14.
Why did the early humans settle near rivers?
Answer:
The early humans settled near rivers due to availability of water and fertility of soil.

Question 15.
What did the early humans start doing after settling down at a place?
Answer:
They started to cultivate cereals and grains and domesticated animals such as cattle, goats etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who are geologists?
Answer:
Geologists study the physical features of the Earth, like the soil, stones, hills, mountains, rivers, seas, oceans and other such parts of the Earth.

Question 2.
What do palaeontologists study?
Answer:
Palaeontologists study the remains of plants, animals and humans from millions of years ago in the form of fossils.

Fossils are impressions of footprints or parts of plants or animals that are found preserved within layers of soil or rocks.

Question 3.
What do you mean by anthropologists?
Answer:
Anthropologists are the scientists who study human societies and cultures from the oldest times to the present.

Question 4.
How do archaeologists study past?
Answer:
Archaeologists study the past by digging up remains that people, plants and animals left behind, such as tools, pots, beads, figurines, toys, bones and teeth of animals and humans, burnt grains, parts of houses or bricks, among others.

Question 5.
Why is the timeline a convenient tool for marking the past events?
Answer:
A timeline is a convenient tool to mark the past events as it shows a sequence of dates and events covering any particular period.

Question 6.
Give the meaning of century. Write the process of its calculation in history.
Answer:
Century : Century is any period of 100 years. In history, specific centuries are counted every 100 years starting from the year 1 CE. For instance, we are currently in the 21st century CE which runs from 2001 to 2100. The centuries BCE are calculated beginning from the year 1 BCE and keep going back in time.

Question 7.
Define the term ‘Genetics’!
Answer:
Genetics : The branch of biology that studies how, in plants, animals or humans, certain features and characteristics get passed down from one generation to the next.

Question 8.
What are the various sources of history? Who help to read them?
Answer:
There are various sources of history to study about the past such as oral, literary, artistic and archaeological sources. Historians, archaeologists, epigraphists, anthropologists, experts in literature and languages all contribute to read them.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Gregorian calendar?
Answer:
In the west, the conventional year for Jesus Christ’s birth has been taken the starting point of the Gregorian calendar. The calendar now used the world over, it has 12 months adding upto 365 days and a leap year every four years. Years divided by 4 are only leap year.

Question 2.
Timeline is a convenient tool to show historical events in a sequence. How? Explain with example.
Answer:
Timeline is a convenient tool to show historical events in a sequence. For example in the given timeline, even without looking at dates, we can see that the birth of Buddha occurs before that of Jesus.

Note : This timeline is given on page-no. 64 of textbook. Mark according to it.

Question 3.
What is meant by ‘Sources of History’? Enlist the archaeological sources of history.
Answer:
Sources of history : A place, person, text or an object from which we gather information about some past event or period.

Archaeological sources of history : Archaeological sources of history are :
(1) Inscriptions : Manuscripts, copper plates, coins

(2) Structures : Monuments, mounds

(3) Excavations : Human, animal and plant remains, tooth and weapons, figurines and ornaments, pottery and toys, habitation and burials.

Question 4.
“In the last 50 years or so, scientific studies have been contributing more and more to the reconstruction of the past;” Justify the statement with example.
Answer:
In the last 50 years or so, scientific studies have been contributing more and more to the reconstruction of the past, for example— studies of ancient climate, chemical studies of excavated materials and studies of the genetics of ancient people provided fresh insights. It gives more usual sources.

Question 5.
How can newspapers and electronic media be important source in the study of the past?
Answer:
When historians study recent history (which usually means the last two or three decade), another source is newspapers. For last few decades electronic media such as television, internet can also be used.

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
“The Earth has a very very long history, of which we humans occupy only a tiny part – the most recent one.” Explain the given statement
Answer:
History of the Earth : The birth of the earth is about 4.54 billion years ago. After this life developed on the earth. It is broadly classified into three major phases :
(a) Life on Earth billions of years ago :
Approx. 3.79 billion years ago the first cells emerged. Similarly atmospheric oxygen developed on earth about -2.33 billion years ago, and bacteria evolved about one billion years ago.

(b) The origin of life on Earth millions of years ago :
Sponges and fungi came into existence on the earth around 825 millions of years ago. Corals originated here about 760 millions of years ago. Fish vertebrates evolved on earth about 480 millions of years ago. Similarly amphibians came on the earth about 400 millions of years ago, sharks became part of earth about 375 millions of years ago. Here reptiles and Dinosaurs evolved about 320 millions, of years ago. Birds, mammals, flowers and bees, homo sapiens evolved on the surface of earth about 190, 170, 100 and 1 million years ago respectively.

(c) Development of life on Garth years ago :
The primitive man discovered fire on earth 10 lakh years ago. Three lakh years ago humans evolved here. In this way history of human being on earth is only from 3 lakh years ago to the present year 2024 AD which is the latest and recent one.

Question 2.
Show on a timeline some stages of evolution of life on the earth.
Answer:

Fig. : Timeline of a few important stages in the evolution of life on Earth.

Question 3.
What is the major problem in the calculation of the Gregorian Calendar and how is it resolved? Describe with an example.
Answer:
The Gregorian Calendar has simple calculation because the starting point for the calendar has been taken from the birth of Jesus Christ. Years are counted forward from this point and used to be marked as AD or CE. Similarly the years before the birth of Jesus Christ are counted backward and used be marked as BC or BCE.

In the Gregorian Calendar there is no ‘year zero’. The year 1 CE follows immediately the year 1 BCE. If we draw a simple timeline marking every year from 2 BCE to 2 CE; we will see that because of the absence of a year zero, only 3 years have passed between those two dates. So to calculate the number of years between a BCE date and CE date, you should add them but subtract 1—in the above case 2 + 2-1 = 3. For example 560 BCE is an approximate year of birth of Gautama Buddha and we are now in the year 2024 CE, then the Buddha was born 560 + 2024 – 1 = 2583.years ago.

Question 4.
“Historians try to recreate the history of the period they are studying.” Justify the statement with example.
Answer:
Historians try to recreate the history of the period they are studying. For example when historians study, say a king or queen of 1500 years ago, an ancient monument, a war or some items of trade, they take great care to gather information from as many sources as they can find and consult.

Sometimes the sources confirm each other at other time sources may give contradictory information. In this case, they need to decide which source they can trust more. That is how they try to recreate the history of the period they are studying.

Question 5.
How did the living conditions for humans improve after the Ice Age and how did the human civilisation develop?
OR
Write an essay on the development of human civilisation.
Answer:
The bast Ice Age lasted from over 100,000 (one lakh) years ago to around 12,000 years ago.

Afterwards, living conditions improved for humans; in many parts of the world, they started settling down and cultivating cereals and grains. They also domesticated animals such as cattle, goats, etc. With more food available, these communities grew in size and number, and often settled down near rivers.

This was not only because of the availability of water, but also because the soil would be more fertile there. It made the process of growing crops easier.

Development of Human Civilisation :
(1) Role of Chieftains : Early humans started to settle near river valleys, communities grew and society became complex. Leaders or ‘chieftains’ were responsible for the wellbeing of the people, and everyone collectively worked towards the community’s welfare.

(2) Development of Villages and Towns : As time passes, hamlets grew into villages. Some of them grew into towns. They exchanged food, cloth, tools etc. with each other. It gave Birth to Barter System.

(3) Development of Communication : Slowly networks of communication and exchanged were established among these villages.

(4) Development of New Technology : New technologies appeared—for example pottery, for making pots and other clay objects; and the use of metal (copper first, iron later), which helped make durable tools, objects of daily use and ornaments.

These were the stages of emergence of what is called civilisation. Many challenges were faced during these stages.

Locating Places on the Earth Class 6 Notes Social Science Chapter 1

How do we learn about the Past?

1. The Earth has a very long history, of which we humans occupy only a tiny part most recent one.
2. People who study the history of the earth help us learn about its past and also our past.
3. People study the earth’s past and our past through the study of various activities. These activities can be classified as follows : (i) Geologists (ii) Palaeontologists (iii) Anthropologists (iv) Archaeologists. Besides this historians geneticists also study past.

How is Time measured in History?

1. Each society and culture had its own ways of measuring time. At present, the Gregorian calendar is commonly used worldwide side by side Hindu, Muslim, Jewish, Chinese and other calendars are also used for calculating the dates of festivals and auspicious events.
2. In the west, the conventional year for Jesus Christ’s birth has generally been taken to be the starting point for this calendar. Years are counted forward from this point and used to be marked with ‘AD’ that refers to the years after the birth of Jesus. Currently it is called the Common Era or CE across the world. In this hook CE word is used to represent Common Era.
   Similarly the years before the conventional date for the birth of Jesus are counted backward and marked with BC. In this book it is shown as Before Common Era or BCE.
3. A timeline is a suitable tool to mark such events as it shows a sequence of dates and events covering any particular day. A timeline also helps in understanding the order in which liistorical events take place.
4. In history long durations of time are studied through. Century (period of hundred years) and Millennium (period of thousand years).

What are the Sources of History?
(1) Source of history refers to a place, person, text or an object from which we collect information about the past event or period.

(2) We can gather information about the past through various sources. Such as :
(i) Oral Sources — Genealogical and Folklore
(ii) Literary Sources — Indian literature and Foreign accounts
(iii) Artistic Sources — Paintings, Sculptures and Panels
(iv) Archaeological Sources — Excavations, Structures and Inscriptions.
(v) Apart from this from last two or three centuries newspapers are also sources of information; Similarly from the last few decades electronic media can also be used to study history.

(3) Historian : Historian is a person who studies and writes about the past. He takes care to gather information about the past from various sources. In case of any contradiction, they take decision on the basis of source on which they trust more.

(4) Genetics : It is the branch of biology that studies how some features of plants, animals and humans get passed from one generation to next.

The Beginnings of Human History :

1. Homo sapiens (Humans) have been walking the planet for about 300,000 (three lakh years).
2. Early humans lived in groups and they were seeking shelter, food, and were mainly hunters and gatherers.
3. These groups lived in temporary camps, rock shelters or caves.
4. They used fire. They made stone axes, blades, arrow heads and other tools to make their life easier. In time early humans also learned to make symbol ornaments such as stone or shell beads, pendants made of animal teeth etc.

The First Crops :

1. At certain times, it was very cold and much of the earth surface was covered with ice- this is called an Ice Age. The last Ice Age lasted from over one lakh years ago to around 12,000 years ago.
2. Later, when the climate warmed up, this ice partly melted and as a result water moved towards the existing rivers and drained into the oceans.
3. Afterwards early humans started to settle down and cultivate cereals and grains at a place. They also domesticated animals such as cattle, goats etc. These communities often settled down near rivers due to availability of water and fertility of soil.
4. Gradually communities developed and worked towards the welfare of communities.
5. As time passes, hamlets grew into sizeable villages, they exchanged goods such as foods, clothes, tools etc. Slowly networks of communication and exchange were established among these villages.

Start practicing the RBSE Solutions Class 6 Social Science and Class 6 SST Chapter 8 Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One’ Question Answer to consolidate your knowledge effectively.

Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One’ Class 6 Questions and Answers

Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One’ Class 6 Question Answer (InText)

Page 125

Question 1.
What is meant by ‘Unity in diversity’ in the Indian scenario?
Answer:
(1) India has a diversity of various languages, people, costumes, hymns, festivals, customs, rituals etc. but there is also unity inherent in this diversity. It can be explained through following examples :

Various kinds of dishes and cuisines are found in india, some food – grains are common to almost every part of the country such as rice, barley, wheat, pearl millet, pulses etc. Similarly some common spices such as turmeric, cumin, ginger, cardamom etc. are used throughout the country. It shows that same ingredients are used in various dishes.

(2) Similarly, every region and community in India has developed its own style of clothing of clothing worn in most parts of India. Saree depicts unity in the diversity of costumes.

(3) There is an immense variety of festivals in India. A few common festivals are celebrated across. India almost at the same time with different names. Such as – Makar Sankranti, Holi, Deepawali etc.

(4) Indian literatures are very diverse. Despite differences in language, technique etc., they have shared important themes and concerns. The Ramayana, The Mahabharata etc. are examples of unity in diversity.

Question 2.
What aspects of India’s diversity are the most striking?
Answer:
The most striking aspects of India’s diversity are : (1) Linguistic Diversity (2) Religious Diversity (3) Diversity of food (4) Diversity of Landscapes (5) Diversity of Costumes (6) Diversity of festivals and celebrations.

Question 3.
How do we make out the unity underlying the diversity?
Answer:
We make out the unity underlying India’s diversity through shared cultural heritage, common values etc. India is a country of diversities but with commonness. It means we have collective identity with regional uniqueness and commonness. It is inherent in our unity.

Page 128

Question 1.
As a class activity, make a list of ingredients (grains, spices, etc.) that are used in your home.
Answer:
List of ingredients used in our home :
(a) Grains : Wheat, Rice, Pearl millet, Sorghum etc.
(b) Pulses : Urad, Moong, Gram, chickpeas etc.
(c) Spices : Salt, Cumin, Turmeric, cloves etc.

Question 2.
Take any one vegetable and think of the number of different dishes you can prepare with it
Answer:
We are taking spinach. We can prepare the following dishes with it : (1) Spinach Paratha (2) Spinach Puree (3) Palak Paneer Vegetable (4) Spinach Curry (5) Spinach Pakoda.

Page 129

Question 1.
Explain how the example of the sari reflects both unity and diversity, (in 100-150 words).
Answer:
Sari is a type of clothing worn in most parts of India and made from different fabrics. Sari shows diversity in the following way :

1. Sarees are made from different types of fabrics such as silk, cotton and synthetic fabrics.
2. Banarasi, Kanjivaram, Paithani, Muga or Mysore are some of the famous types of silk saris.
3. Sarees are produced by different methods of weaving and designing.
4. There are many ways of wearing the sari, as they vary from one region to another or from one community to another.

Hence, Sari shows unity as it is worn by different ways by people of different communities and it also reflects diversity.

Page 132

Question 1.
What is your favourite festival and how is it celebrated in your region? Do you know whether it is celebrated in any other part of India, may be under a different name?
Answer:
Our favourite festival is Diwali. It is celebrated with great joy in our region. We wear new clothes. On this day delicious dishes are prepared in every house. We buy sweets and distribute to others. People give gifts to each other also. Before 15 days of the festival, the entire house is cleaned, painted and white washed. People light diyas or small oil lamps in their homes. People worship Goddess Lakshmi. People set off fireworks. Diwali is celebrated with the same name in entire country.

Question 2.
During October-November, many major festivals take place in India. Make a list of the few main ones and their various names in different parts of the country.
Answer:
Festivals celebrated in the months of October-November are :
(a) Durga Puja (b) Dussehra (c) Sharad Pumima (d) Karwa Chauth (e) Diwali (f) Bhai Dooj (g) Chhath Puja.

Page 134

Question 1.
In a class discussion, try to identify the episode depicted in the painting showh in Fig 8.6 above and important details associated with it
Answer:
This picture is the scene of Sita being kidnapped by Ravana from Panchavati in the Ramayana. Ravana disguises himself and asks Sita to give him aim. He was not allowed to enter inside due to line drawn by Lakshman. Hence, Sita had to come out to provide aim. As soon as Sita comes out, Ravana kidnapped her. Jatayu is also depicted here. He is trying to save Sita by fighting against Ravana.

Class 6 SST Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One’ Question Answer (Exercise)

Question 1.
Conduct a class discussion on the two quotations at the start of the chapter.
Answer:
Students will discuss them in class. Both the quotations are highlighting the idea of unity.

Question 2.
Read the National Anthem and its translation in the preliminary pages of this textbook. Where do you see the diversity? And where the unity? Write two or three paragraphs on this.
Answer:
Diversity in the National Anthem :
The National Anthem mentions ‘Punjaab, Sindhu Gujarat maraatha, Draavid Utkal Bang’, etc. This shows diversity. It shows regional diversity. People living in these regions have different languages, costumes, food habits, festivals, traditions etc.

Unity in the National Anthem : Despite this diversity, the anthem unites all elements into a single narrative of national pride and identity. Such as Vindhya Himaachal Yamuna Ganga, Uchchhal Jaladhi Taranga show unity. Despite various regional differences, India is the land of Sindhu, Ganga, Yamuna etc. India has Himalayas on one side and surrounded by sea on three sides. They are forming boundaries of our country. All the people living in India wish for peace and prosperity.

Question 3.
Select a few stories from the Panchatantra and discuss’how their message is still valid today. Do you know of any similar stories from your region?
Answer:
Students will do themselves. Books can be arranged from school library.

Question 4.
Collect a few folk tales from your region and discuss their message.
Answer:
Famous folk tales from Rajasthan are :

1. Folk tale of Pabuji
2. Folk tale of Gogaji
3. Folk tale of Tejaji
4. Folk tale of Dungji Jawarji
5. Folk tale of Dhola maru
6. Folk tale of Bhartrhari.

(1) Message of Pabuji Folk tale: In this folk tale, there is an example of ideal harmony between the king and his subjects. One should be pure in speech. In folk tales of Pabuji, sentiments like vow to have one wife and keeping one’s word have been given importance. Such a person is considered great and worshipped in the world.

(2) Message of Tejaji Folk tale: His folk tale also gives a message that we should be loyal towards our words. He died because of snake bite, he allowed a snake to bite his tongue. He kept his promise to bite and embraced death.

(3) Dungaji Jawarji: The folk tale is a proof that people never forget their protector. Narrative is about a brave man who was a revolutionary and fought for the protection of people. He raised his voice against the exploitation of India wealth by the British, to save people from hunger and to provide fodder to the animals. He plundered money from wealthy people and distributed among the poor.

(4) Folk tale of Dhola-Maru: ‘True love prevails’, this is the message of Dhola-Maru tales.

Question 5.
Is there any ancient story that you have seen being depicted through a form of art? It could be a sculpture, a painting, a dance performance, a movie … Discuss with your classmates.
Answer:
Students will do themselves with the help of class teacher.
Hint : Students can discuss about ‘Ram Katha’.

Question 6.
Discuss in class the following quotation by India’s first Prime Minister, Jawaharlal Nehru, when he travelled to many parts of India before Independence: “Everywhere I found a cultural background which had exerted a powerful influence on their lives. … The old epics of India, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata and other books, in popular translations and paraphrases, were widely known among the masses, and every incident and story and moral in them was engraved on the popular mind and gave a richness and content to it. Illiterate villagers would know hundreds of verses by heart and their conversation would be full of references to them or to some story with a moral, enshrined in some old classic.”
Answer:
India’s first Prime Minister Jawaharlal Nehru said that the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and other books are widely known among the masses. Every popular incident, story and moral present in them is imprinted in the minds of Indians.

Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One’ Class 6 Extra Questions and Answers Social Science Chapter 8

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The staple food of most Indians is …………………….
(a) Oil-Ghee
(b) Vegetables
(c) Cereals
(d) Spices
Answer:
(c) Cereals

2. Which among the following is not a spice?
(a) Turmeric
(b) Cumic
(c) Ginger
(d) Finger millet
Answer:
(d) Finger millet

3. Which of the following is not a type of silk saree?
(a) Kota doria
(b) Banarasi
(c) Kanjivaram
(d) Patola
Answer:
(a) Kota doria

4. The ……………………., a type of clothing worn in most parts of India by women.
(a) Sari
(b) Lehenga Choli
(c) Kurta Pajama
(d) Gown
Answer:
(a) Sari

5. Magh Bihu festival is celebrated in ……………………. .
(a) Gujarat
(b) Rajasthan
(c) Tamilnadu
(d) Assam
Answer:
(d) Assam

6. …………………….is a festival celebrated in different parts of India on or around January 14.
(a) Diwali
(b) Karwa Chauth
(c) Makar Sankranti
(d) Holi
Answer:
(c) Makar Sankranti

7. …………………….is celebrated On or near January 14 in Punjab.
(a) Pongal
(b) Lohri
(c) Bihu
(d) Pedda Panduya
Answer:
(b) Lohri

8. Which is the collection of stories with animals as main characters, teaches us life skills?
(a) The Panchatantra
(b) The Ramayana
(c) The Mahabharata
(d) The Puranas
Answer:
(a) The Panchatantra

9. The original Sanskrit text of the Panchatantra is at least ……………………. years old.
(a) 5200
(b) 3200
(c) 2200
(d) 1200
Answer:
(c) 2200

10. Which of the following shows unity in diversity in India?
(a) Staple grain
(b) Sari
(c) Ramayana-Mahabharata
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above

Fill in the blanks

1. India has unity in ……………………. .
Answer:
diversity

2. The same ……………………. can be used in a number of combinations to prepare an endless variety of dishes.
Answer:
ingredients

3. It is the plain length cloth, the ……………………. worn in most parts of India by women.
Answer:
Sari

4. One beautiful type of printed cotton called ……………………. became so popular in 17th century Europe.
Answer:
Chintz

5. Several travellers to India marvelled at Sari’s simplicity, economy and the diverse ways in which it is ……………………. .
Answer:
Worn

6. Indian literatures are extremely ……………………. .
Answer:
diverse

State whether True or False

1. Makar Sankranti marks the beginning of the harvest season in many parts of India.
Answer:
True

2. In the Ramayana, Rama with the help of his brother Lakshmana and of Hanuman fights with Kauravas.
Answer:
False

3. According to legends, there is hardly a place in the country which was not visited by the Pandavas.
Answer:
True

4. Kanjivaram is a famous type of cotton sarees.
Answer:
False

Match the following

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give an example of diversity in India.
Answer:
Indians live in different parts of country and speak various languages.

Question 2.
Mention an example of unity in diversity in India.
Answer:
The Sari as a costume.

Question 3.
How many languages are counted by an organization of country using 25 scripts?
Answer:
325 languages.

Question 4.
Why may many Indians in India be called migrants?
Answer:
People who are not living near their birthplace or with their original community may be called as migrants.

Question 5.
“How in the face of such bewildering diversity, can a history of India be written”? In which sentence does the answer to this question of Vincent Smith lie?
Answer:
The answer to the query is found in the fact that India offers unity in diversity.

Question 6.
State about the staple food of most of the Indians.
Answer:
Certain food – grains are common to almost every part of the country – cereals such as rice, barley, wheat, bajra, ragi and pulses.

Question 7.
What are the common spices used in Indian cooking?
Answer:
Turmeric, cumin, clove, cardamom etc. are used as common spices in India.

Question 8.
Write the major types of silk sarees produced in India.
Answer:
Banarasi, Kanjivaram, Paithani, Patan Patola, Muga or Mysore are some of the famous types of silk sarees produced in India.

Question 9.
Define the term ‘Relief’.
Answer:
It is a design that stands out from the surface of a panel. Which may be of stone, wood, ceramic or another material.

Question 10.
Which features of sari as a costume impressed several travellers visited to India?
Answer:
Several travellers to India impressed at simplicity, economy and the diverse ways in which it is worn.

Question 11.
Write the names of any three festivals celebrated across India at the same time.
Answer:
(1) Makar Sankranti (2) Deepawali (3) Holi

Question 12.
How many versions of the Panchatantra are available in various languages?
Answer:
It is estimated that about 200 versions of the Panchatantra are available in more them 50 languages.

Question 13.
Enlist the names of two great Indian epics showing unity in India.
Answer:
(1) The Ramayana (2) The Mahabharata

Question 14.
What is an epic?
Answer:
An epic is a long poem generally narrating the adventures of heroes and other great figures of the past.

Question 15.
Why do the heroes of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata fight?
Answer:
To re-establish the dharma.

Question 16.
Which folk tales are available with most of the tribes living in India’s north east and Himalayan regions?
Answer:
Folk tales of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is India’s rich diversity?
Answer:
Changing landscapes, different types of dresses and food, costumes, traditions etc show India’s rich diversity. But India offers unity in diversity.

Question 2.
What was revealed in the survey called ‘People of India Project’ conducted by the Anthropological Survey of India?
Answer:
It counted 325 languages using 25 scripts; it also observed that many Indians may be called migrants, in the sense of people not living near their birthplace or with their original community.

Question 3.
Mention the types of pulses grown in India along with their areas.
Answer:
Following pulses are grown in India in different parts : Rajma (Jammu Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh), Lobiya (Punjab), Moong Daal (Rajasthan), Masoor Daal (Madhya Pradesh), Chana Daal (Gujarat), Chick Pea, Gram (Maharashtra/Odisha), Arhar Daal (Maharashtra, Telangana). All pulses are used in almost every part of India.

Question 4.
What do you understand by the term ‘Sari’?
Answer:
It is the plain length of cloth called the Sari, a type of clothing worn in most parts of India and made from different fabrics – mostly cotton or silk, but nowadays synthetic fabrics too. This unstitched piece of cloth comes in hundreds of varieties.

Question 5.
How are sarees produced?
Answer:
They are produced by different methods of weaving and designing. Some designs are part of the cloth while others are printed after the cloth is woven. Finally there are endless variations in the colours, which are produced from many kinds of pigments.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Highlight the importance of ‘Sari’ as a unique costume.
Answer:

1. Saree is a historical attire that establishes unity in diversity in India.
2. In past centuries several travellers to India marvelled at its simplicity, economy, and the diverse ways in which it is worn.
3. Women often put the sari to many uses beyond that of a dress such as a bag, a children’s swing, in the form of veil, as a pillow while sleeping etc.

Question 2.
What are the different names of Makar Sankranti used in India celebrated on or around January 14?
Answer:
Makar Sankranti is celebrated in most ports of India on or around January 14 with different names such as Shishur Saenkraat in Kashmir, Maghi or Lohri in Punjab, Khichdi Parv in Uttar Pradesh, Makar Sankranti in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Uttarayan in Gujarat, Pongal in Tamilnadu, Pedda Pandya in Andhra Pradesh, Poush Songkranti in West Bengal, Magh Bihu in Assam.

Question 3.
Indian literatures are extremely diverse and among the most abundant in the World. Explain the statement.
Answer:
The Indian literature is written in different languages. It is very rich in its theme and concern. For example : the Panchatantra is a collection of stories which have been adapted in almost every Indian languages. Two great epics are the Ramayana and the Mahabharata have been translated into regional literatures in India and beyond. In addition there are countless folk versions of them. These two epics depicted good examples of unity and diversity.

Question 4.
Write a short note on India’s two epics the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
Answer:
The Ramayana and the Mahabharata both are written in Sanskrit language. They fill some seven thousand pages in their original version.

Both epics narrate the stories of heroes who fight to restablish Dharma. In the Mahabharata, the Pandavas, with Krishna’s help fight their own cousins, the Kauravas, to recover their kingdom.

In the Ramayana, Rama with the help of her brothers Lakshmana and of Hanuman, defeats the demon Ravana, who had kidnapped his wife Sita. These stories contain many shorter ones that focus on values, and constantly ask questions about what is right and what is wrong.

Essay Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the rich diversity of India. State about the unity inherent in diverse Indian food.
Answer:
Indian culture promotes diversity as richness. It also does not allow the unity that nourishes diversity to disappear.

Rich diversity of India : India has rich diversity of different languages, costumes, foods, festivals, traditions and changing landscapes. Indians live in different states and speak various languages of different scripts. We celebrate various festivals, wear different costumes, have different traditions.

These diversities make our life rich as it is not divided. We have unity in diversity.

Unity in diversity : There is also unity in the diversity visible in different regions of India.

Diversity of Food : Different dishes and foods are prepared in India. Certain food- grains are common to almost every part of the country such as pulses and cereals. Hence, the same ingredients can be used in a number of combinations to prepare an endless, variety of dishes.

So, despite many variations, a shared love for staple grains, spices, pulses, oil, ghee etc. bind us in a thread of unity.

Question 2.
‘India’s two epics, Ramayana and Mahabharata, have developed a deep web of cultural thread to establish unity in Indian diversity.’ Explain the statement.
Answer:
Expansion of the epics Ramayana and Mahabharata :
1. Translation and conversion : For more than two millennium these two epics have been translated into regional literatures in India and beyond.

2. Folk versions : There are countless folk versions of them. For eg. A scholar conducted a survey in Tamil Nadu, and found about a hundred versions of Mahabharata there.

3. Different Versions : Many communities have their own versions of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. They have also preserved legends connecting their own history with these epics This is especially true of tribal communities in many parts of India, such as the Bhils, the Gonds, the Mundas and many more.

4. Legends : Tribal adaptations are transmitted orally, along with legends. These legends explain how the heroes of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata visited their regions.

The anthropologist K.S. Singh directed the ‘People of India’ project we referred to earlier. In the case of the Mahabharata, he observed, ‘There is hardly a place in the country which is not visited by the Pandavas. Same is true in the case of the Ramayana.’ Over the centuries, perhaps more than any other texts, these two epics created a dense web of cultural interactions across India and many parts of Asia.

Unity in Diversity, or ‘Many in the One’ Class 6 Notes Social Science Chapter 8

1. India has a diversity of different landscapes, people, languages, festivals, customs and traditions.

2. With over 1.4 billion inhabitants, such a diversity is not surprising because India has unity in diversity.

3. Food for All : In India, the same ingredients (unity) can be used in a number of combinations (diversity) to prepare an endless variety of dishes.

4. Textile and clothing : Every region and community in India has developed its own style of clothing and dresses. Yet, we notice a commonality in some traditional Indian dresses. One of the most important example of this is the ‘Sari’. It reflects diversity and unity in India.

5. Festivals Golore : There is an immense variety of festivals in India. A few common festivals are celebrated across India almost at the same time, though they have different names.
Example : Makar Sankranti which marks the beginning of the harvest season in many parts of India on or around January 14. This festival is celebrated in different parts of India with different names. Such as Khichdi parv, Magh Bihu, Lohri, Pedda Panduya, Pongal, Poush Songkranti etc.

6. An Epic Spread : Literature offers us another fine illustration of unity in diversity. Indian literatures are extremely diverse over centuries, despite differences in language, technique etc., they have shared themes and concerns.
Example : The Panchatantra has been adapted in almost every Indian language. Two most important epics of India are :

The Ramayana and the Mahabharata : These two epics have been translated into regional literatures in India and beyond. These two epics created a dense web of cultural interactions across India and many parts of Asia. This is another example of unity in diversity.

7. In India’s classical arts, including classical architecture, both diversity and unity are early noticeable.

8. Indian culture celebrates diversity as an enrichment, but never loses sight of the underlying unity.